选修7unit5语法非限定性定语从句

1、Revision ofNon-restrictive Attributive ClausesUnit 5 GrammarUnderline the attributive clauses: Dont forget the things that once you owned. Treasure the things that you cant get. Dont give up the things that belong to you and keep those lost things in memory. 曾经拥有的，不要忘记。不能得到的，曾经拥有的，不要忘记。不能得到的，更要珍惜。属于

2、自己的，不要放弃。更要珍惜。属于自己的，不要放弃。已经失去的，留作回忆。已经失去的，留作回忆。1. 定语从句：定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从修饰某一名词或代词的从 句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在 它所修饰的先行词之后。它所修饰的先行词之后。2. 先行词：先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3. 关系词：关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 Revision 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词有关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as；关系副

3、词有；关系副词有when, where, why。 关系词通常有下列三个作用：关系词通常有下列三个作用： A. 引导定语从句引导定语从句 B. 代替先行词代替先行词 C. 在定语从句中担当一个成分在定语从句中担当一个成分 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 形形式式上上 不用逗号不用逗号“ ，”与主句隔开与主句隔开用逗号用逗号“ ，”与主与主句隔开句隔开 意意义义上上 是先行词不可缺是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删少的定语，如删除，主句则失去除，主句则失去意义或意思表达意义或意思表达不完整不完整 只是对先行词的补只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，充说明，如删除，主句仍能表

4、达完整主句仍能表达完整的意思。的意思。 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从限制性定语从句句 非限制性定语非限制性定语从句从句 译法上译法上 译成先行词的译成先行词的定语：定语：“的的 ” 通常译成主句通常译成主句的并列句的并列句 关系词关系词的使用的使用上上 1. 作宾语时可作宾语时可省略省略1. 不可省略不可省略 2. 可用可用that 2. 不用不用that 3. 可用可用who 代代替替whom 3. 不可用不可用who 代替代替whom 1. His dog

5、, which was now very old, became ill and died. 他的狗当时很老了他的狗当时很老了, 生病后就死了。生病后就死了。 (去掉从句去掉从句, 主句的意义仍然完整主句的意义仍然完整: 他的他的 狗生病死了。狗生病死了。) 2. Yesterday I met Li Lei, who seemed to be very busy. 昨天我碰上李雷了昨天我碰上李雷了,他好象很忙。他好象很忙。 (去掉从句去掉从句, 意义仍然完整意义仍然完整: 昨天我碰上昨天我碰上 李雷了。李雷了。) A. This is the place where I lived ten

6、years ago. B. She is going to spend the winter holiday in Macao, which returned to China in 1999.2. A. He is a man who I can ask for help. B. His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday.限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，如果限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，如果去掉从句，剩余部分意义不完整；非限制去掉从句，剩余部分意义不完整；非限制性定语从句只是先行词的附加说明，如果性定语从句只是先行词的附加说

7、明，如果去掉从句，意义仍然完整。去掉从句，意义仍然完整。All the magazines here which have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。All the magazines here, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.所有的杂志都是他写的所有的杂志都是他写的, 里面都有漂亮的图里面都有漂亮的图画。画。有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从

8、句会改变全句的意思。性从句会改变全句的意思。（杂志有带图画和不带图画两类）（杂志有带图画和不带图画两类）（杂志只有一种）（杂志只有一种）His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday.当先行词是地名人名、世界上独一当先行词是地名人名、世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用非限制性定语从句。常只用非限制性定语从句。Shanghai, which is in East China, is developing rapidly.The town where I live is beautiful.Ken

9、li, where I live, is beautiful.Teachers who are kind are popular withthe students.Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.Please compare:Please compare:Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.分析两种定语从句省略后的结果分析两种定语从句省略后的结果The to

10、wn where I live is beautiful.Kenli, where I live, is beautiful.限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略。确，所以不能省略。非限制性定语从句和单句的比较非限制性定语从句和单句的比较1. He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry.2. He failed in the exam, _made his parents angry.3. He has two sons. Both of _ are teachers. 4. He has two

11、 sons, both of _ are teachers.Thiswhichwhomthem that一、一、 非限制性定语从句通常不能用非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引引 导。导。1. I like the book, which was bought yesterday. 我喜欢这本书，这是昨天买的。我喜欢这本书，这是昨天买的。 2. I like the book which / that was bought yesterday. 我喜欢昨天买的那本书。我喜欢昨天买的那本书。 非限制性定语从句应注意以下几点：非限制性定语从句应注意以下几点：二、二、 在非限制性定语从句中，指人的关

12、系在非限制性定语从句中，指人的关系代词作宾语时，只能用宾格代词作宾语时，只能用宾格whom; 不能不能用用who替换，也不能省略。替换，也不能省略。1. Do you know Tom, whom we talked about? 你认识汤姆吗你认识汤姆吗? 我们谈到过他。我们谈到过他。 2. This book, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you all the information you need. 这本书会给你提供所有你需要的资料，这本书会给你提供所有你需要的资料，它在任何一家书店都能买到。它在任何一家书店都能买到。 (

13、非限制性定语从句中引导词在从句中作非限制性定语从句中引导词在从句中作宾语，无论指人还是指物都不能省略。宾语，无论指人还是指物都不能省略。) 二二.另外关系副词另外关系副词when(when(指时间指时间), where (), where (指地指地点点) )也可以引导非限制性定语从句也可以引导非限制性定语从句( (注意关系注意关系副词副词whywhy不能引导非限制性定语从句不能引导非限制性定语从句);why);why不不引导定语从句，常用引导定语从句，常用for whichfor which取代。取代。1. I had told them the reason, for which I di

14、dnt attend the meeting. 我已经把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有我已经把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有 去开会。去开会。 2. I had told them the reason why I didnt attend the meeting. 我告诉了他们我不去开会的理由。我告诉了他们我不去开会的理由。 (限制性定语从句限制性定语从句“the reason why.”是是常见搭配。常见搭配。) 三三.非限制性定语从句置于句首时，不能用非限制性定语从句置于句首时，不能用which引导。关系代词引导。关系代词as引导非限制性定引导非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活，可以放主句前，语从句位

15、置比较灵活，可以放主句前，也可以放主句后。也可以放主句后。1. As I expected, he didnt believe me. 正如我所预料的，他不相信我。正如我所预料的，他不相信我。 2. She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth. 她听到一个可怕的声音，这让她把心她听到一个可怕的声音，这让她把心 都提到嗓子眼了。都提到嗓子眼了。 as“正如正如” 常用结构：常用结构：as we all know 正如我们所知道的正如我们所知道的as you say 正如正如 你所说的你所说的as I can

16、 see 正如我所能看到的正如我所能看到的 as we had expected 正如我们所料正如我们所料as you may have heard 正如你可能听到过的那样正如你可能听到过的那样as is often the case = as often happens情况往往如此情况往往如此/这是常有的事这是常有的事 as“正如正如” 常用结构：常用结构：as we all know 正如我们所知道的正如我们所知道的as you say 正如正如 你所说的你所说的as I can see 正如我所能看到的正如我所能看到的 as we had expected 正如我们所料正如我们所料as

17、you may have heard 正如你可能听到过的那样正如你可能听到过的那样as is often the case = as often happens情况往往如此情况往往如此/这是常有的事这是常有的事 as“正如正如” 也常用于被动结构：也常用于被动结构：as is expected (正如所料）正如所料）as has been explained (正如所解释的正如所解释的)as is mentioned above (正如所提到的正如所提到的)as is known to all (众所周知众所周知)as is announced/reported (据宣布据宣布/报道报道) a

18、s has been mentioned above（正如前面被提到的那样）（正如前面被提到的那样）as has been pointed out （正如所指出的那样）（正如所指出的那样） 四、四、 非限制性定语从句由非限制性定语从句由“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引导时，其中的关系代词不能用引导时，其中的关系代词不能用as。1. He bought the car for more than $20,000, with which his father was angry. 他花两万多美元买了这辆车，他父亲对他花两万多美元买了这辆车，他父亲对 此很生气。此很生气。 2. I finished

19、 my work ahead of time, after which I sat some time reading the newspaper. 我提前干完了我的活，随后我坐着看了我提前干完了我的活，随后我坐着看了 会儿报纸。会儿报纸。 “介词介词+关系代词关系代词”前还可以有代词、数词、前还可以有代词、数词、The +最高级最高级/比较级等比较级等常见的代词如下：常见的代词如下：some,much, many, most, little, few, all, any, several, both, neither, either,none, half, one, each, half.常

20、见的数词有：常见的数词有：基数词、序数词、分数和百分数基数词、序数词、分数和百分数1. I am doing different types of exercises, all of which are quite helpful to my health.2. Many people, some of whom are not overweight, are going on diets.3. There are 54 students in my class, three of whom come from the US.五、五、Which可指前面整个句子。可指前面整个句子。The sun

21、 sends out light and heat, whichmakes it possible for living things to existon the earth.太阳发出光和热，这使得生物能够在地球太阳发出光和热，这使得生物能够在地球上生存。上生存。His father is an engineer, _ makes him very proud. A. for what B. which C. that D. what1. Yesterday Mr. Li finally bought his own house, _ is a hospital. A. in where B

22、. to the east of which C. to the east of it D. in the east of that 2. My brothers purse, _ he put ￥1,000, was missing on the bus. A. there B. which C. in which D. that 课堂练兵课堂练兵3. His glasses, _ he could see nothing, was taken away by a naughty boy. A. which B. without which C. with which D. without

23、those 4. The computer, _ he paid ￥3,000, was once owned by his uncle. A. which B. for which C. that D. to that 5. In the past we lost many chances, _ we paid little attention. A. which B. that C. in which D. to which 6. The pen, _ I had been writing for ten years, was broken. A. with which B. with t

24、hat C. as D. with it 7. Mary has two brothers, _ are doctors. A. both of they B. both of whom C. both of them D. whom of both8. On the way home I met my friend John, from _ home the thief had stolen a computer. A. whom B. which C. that D. whose9. Paul, _ everyone suspected, turned out to be innocent

25、. A. that B. when C. which D. whom10. When deeply absorbed in work, _ he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. what B. as C. that D. who11. She showed her teacher a reason, _ she was late for school the day before yesterday. A. that B. which C. for which D. why12. The 10:00 tra

26、in, _ is usually very punctual, was late this morning. A. as B. when C. that D. which1. I walked in our garden, _ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. (2005 辽宁卷辽宁卷) A. which B. when C. where D. that 2. The Beatles, _ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. (2

27、006 天津天津卷卷) A. what B. that C. how D. as3. She was educated at Beijing University, _ she went on to have her advanced study abroad. (2006 陕西陕西卷卷) A. after which B. from which C. from that D. after that4. Last week, only two people came to look at the house，_ wanted to buy it. (2007 安徽安徽卷卷) A. none o

28、f them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom5. It is reported that two schools, _ are being built in my hometown, will open next year. (2007 四川四川卷卷) A. they both B. which both C. both of them D. both of which 6. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _ are be

29、yond our control. (2008 湖南卷湖南卷) A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that 7. They will fly to Washington, _ they plan to stay for two or three days. (2008重庆卷重庆卷) A. where B. there C. which D. when8. Many children, _ parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village (2009 安徽卷安徽卷) A.