英语论文摘要的写法.

1、摘要必须有目的、方法、结果和结论摘要必须有目的、方法、结果和结论。摘要的主要功能是：1使读者只看摘要就可以了解到论文的主要内容。2为科技情报人员和计算机检索提供方便。因此，摘要应具有独立性和自明性，即它自身就能独立成文，不阅读全文就能获得必要的信息。 摘要可以是陈述式的，也可以是信息式的，或者二者兼而有之。作为一般的学术论文，通常采用信息式的摘要，其内容主要包括：研究课题的目的、研究方法、所获结果及结论；评论、综述性文章以及专著等，通常采用陈述式摘要。摘要一般以不超过300字为宜，英文摘要篇幅以250个实词左右为宜。 摘要构成摘要构成 Abstract labelingAbstract bod

2、yKey Words摘要构成摘要构成1. Abstract labeling 文摘标示文摘标示2. Abstract body文摘正文文摘正文3. Key Words关健词语关健词语Abstract: This study investigates the development of lexical diversity in Chinese English majors writings from threeperspectives: lexical variation, lexical sophistication and lexical errors. It is based on a

3、sample of 200 writings from2003 TEM4 and 2005 TEM8, involving 100 English majors from four universities in Shanghai. The findings show thatas learners further their English language study, they achieve improvement in both lexical variation and lexical sophis-tication. As for lexical errors, error ty

4、pes and error tokens are on the increase. Among all the major errors, the articleerror is the most frequent one; however, improvement is found in verb employment.Key words: lexical variation; lexical sophistication; lexical error中图分类号:H319文献标识码:B文章编号:1004-5112(2010)01-0040-07提要:本研究从词汇多样性、词汇复杂性、词汇错误三

5、个维度探索中国英语专业学生作文中词汇丰富性的发展趋势。研究语料选自上海四所高校的100名英语专业学生的200份2003年四级、2005年八级考试作文卷。研究结果发现,随着英语学习的深入、英语水平的提高,作文中词汇的多样性和复杂性都有显著提高;而词汇错误,无论是其类型还是其数量都明显增多;文章写得越长,词汇错误出现的频率就越高;冠词错误的出现频率最高,而动词运用情况则明显好转。关键词:词汇多样性;词汇复杂性;词汇错误要写好英文摘要，作者必须回答好以下几个问题：1) 本文的目的或要解决的问题(What I want to do?)2) 解决问题的方法及过程(How I did it?)3) 主要结

6、果及结论(What results did I get and what conclusions can I draw?)4) 本文的创新、独到之处(What is new and original in this paper?)目的（目的（What I want to do?） 目的。主要说明作者写作此文的目的，或本文主要解决的问题。一般来说，一篇好的英文摘要，一开头就应该把作者本文的目的或要解决的主要问题非常明确地交待清楚。必要时，可利用论文中所列的最新文献，简要介绍前人的工作，但这种介绍一定要极其简练。在这方面，EI提出了两点具体要求：1） Eliminate or minimize b

7、ackground information(不谈或尽量少谈背景信息)2） Avoid repeating the title or part of the title in the first sentence of the abstract (避免在摘要的第一句话重复使用题目或题目的一部分)。过程与方法过程与方法 (How I did it?)过程及方法。主要说明作者主要工作过程及所用的方法，也应包括众多的边界条件，使用的主要设备和仪器。在英文摘要中，过程与方法的阐述起着承前启后的作用。开头交待了要解决的问题(What I want to do)之后，接着要回答的自然就是如何解决问题(How

8、 I did it)，而且，最后的结果和结论也往往与研究过程及方法是密切相关的。 结果和结论结果和结论 (What results did I get and what conclusions can I draw?) 结果和结论部分代表着文章的主要成就和贡献，论文有没有价值，值不值得读者阅读，主要取决于你所获得的结果和所得出的结论。因此，在写作结果和结论部分时，一般都要尽量结合实验结果，使结论部分言之有物，有根有据。常见的摘要句型有常见的摘要句型有 1）This paper deals with.2）This article focuses on the topics of (that, h

9、aving, etc).3）This essay presents knowledge that.4）This thesis discusses.5）This thesis analyzes.6）This paper provides an overview of.7) This paper elaborates on .8）This article gives an overview of.9）This article compares.and summarizes key findings.10）This paper includes discussions concerning.11)T

10、his paper presents up to date information on.12)This article covers the role of chemicals in.13)This paper addresses important topics including.14)This paper touches upon.15)This paper strongly emphasizes.16)This easy represents the proceedings of .17)This article not only describes.but also suggest

11、s.18)This paper considers.19)This paper provides a method of .20)This paper introduces an applicable procedure to analyze.21)This paper offers the latest information regarding.22)This paper is devoted to examining the role of.23)This article explores.24)This paper expresses views on.25)This paper re

12、flects the state of the art in26)This paper explains the procedures for.27)This paper develops the theory of .28)This article reviews the techniques used in.29)This paper investigates the techniques and procedures to.30)This article is about.31)This essay is related to .32)This paper concerns.33)Thi

13、s paper gives an account of .34)This article tells of.35)This paper tries to describe.36)This paper provides an analysis of .37)This paper reports the latest information on .38)The author of this article reviews.39)The writer of this paper discusses.40)The writer of this essay tries to explore.41)Th

14、e aim of this paper is to determine.42)The purpose of this article is to review.43)The objective of this paper is to explore. 破题用语，一般有：破题用语，一般有：The author of this article reviews (or: discusses, describes, summarizes, examines) somethingThis article reviews (or: reports, tells of ,is about, concerns )something.This article has been prepared (or: designed, written).The purpose of this article is to determine something.The problem of som