工程岩土词汇

1、4、工程岩土学英语词汇阿太堡界限Atterberg limits半固态semi-solid state薄膜水film water饱和度degree of saturation饱和含水率saturation moisture content饱和土密度density of saturtion soil饱水率saturated water-absorptivity饱水系数saturation coefficient比重specific gravity比重计分析hydrometer analysis比表面积specific surface area变形deformation变形模量modulus of

2、 deformation标准筛standard sieve标准击实试验standard compaction test不均匀沉降unequal settlement不均匀系数coefficient of uniformity不排水剪切试验undrained shear test不连续面discontinuity残余变形residual deformation残余强度residual strength侧压力系数coefficient of lateral pressure常规土工试验routine soil test长期强度long-term strength超固结土overconsolidat

3、ed soil沉降量settlement沉降分析sedimentation analysis承载力bearing capacity尺度效应scale effect冲填土dredger fill冲击荷载impact load重塑土样remolded sample稠度consistency稠度界限consistency limits稠度试验consistency test稠度状态consistency state稠度指标consistency index触变性thixotropy次固结secondary compression次生矿物secondary minerals粗砂codrse sand粗

4、粒土coarse grained soil粗碎屑土coarse clastic soil粗糙度roughness脆性brittleness脆性破坏brittle failure大孔隙macroporous大孔结构macroporous structure代表性土样representative sample单粒结构single-grained structure单轴抗压强度uniaxial compressive strength单轴抗拉强度uniaxial tensile strength等电pH值iselectric pH地基土subsoil地基处理ground treatment地下水gr

5、oundwater电渗electro-osmosis电泳electro-phoresis电动电位electrokinetic potential电动现象electrokinetic phenomena电化学加固electrochemical hardening电子显微镜electron microscope动荷载dynamic load动弹性模量dynamic elastic modulus冻融作用freezing-thawing冻土frozon soil冻胀率ratio of frost冻结法freezing method冻结深度frost depth多年冻土perennially froz

6、en soil多相体系multiphase法向应力nomal stress非饱和土unsaturated soil非均质性inhomogeneity非结合水unbound water非自重湿陷性self-weight non-collapse分散剂dispersing agent分散结构dispersed structur粉土silt,mo粉粒组silt fraction粉砂silty sand粉砾silty graval粉质粘土silty clay粉质壤土silty loam粉质砂壤土silty sandy loam封闭空隙closed void蜂窝结构honeycomb structure

7、峰值强度peak strength风化作用weathering 风化程度degree of weathering风化带zone of weathering腐植质humus腐植土humus soil干密度dry density高岭石kaolinite割线模量secant modulus of elasticity各向同性isotropy各向同性anisotropy工程地质学engineering geology工程岩土学science of engineering rock and soil工程地质条件engineering geological condition工程地质问题engineeri

8、ng geological problem工程地质性质engineering geological properties构造texture骨架skeleton固结consolidation固结快剪试验consolidated quick shear test固结慢剪试验consolidated slow shear test灌浆grouting硅铝率ratio of silica to alumine硅化加固silisifi cation海绵状结构spongy structure含水比water content ratio含水率moisture content含盐量salt content夯实

9、compaction横波速度transverse wave velocity横向应变diameter strain烘干土oven-dried soil虹吸比重瓶法siphon flask method红土red soil红粘土red clay宏观结构macrostructure滑动面plane of sliding黄土loess黄土状土loessial soil黄土类土loessal soil击实功compactive effort击实曲线compactive curve极限平衡limit equilibrium级配gradation季节性冻土seasonally frozen ground剪

10、胀dilation剪胀角angle of dilatancy剪切带shear zone剪切面plane of shear剪切模量shear modulus剪切破坏shear failure剪应变shear strain剪应力shear stress交换容量exchange capacit胶粒colloidal particle胶粒组colloid fraction角砾breccia结合水bound water结晶水crystal water结构structure结构单元体structure unit结构体structure element结构面structural plane界限含水率limi

11、t moistare content静荷载static load开口空隙opened void抗冻性frost-resistance抗剪力shearing resistance抗剪强度shear strength抗剪强度参数parameter of shear strength抗剪性shear resistance抗拉强度tensile strength抗压强度compressive strength抗水稳定性hydrostability颗粒grain颗粒大小grain size颗粒分析granularmetric analysis粒度成分granularmetric composition可

12、溶盐soluble salt可塑性plasticity空隙void孔隙pore孔隙比void ratio孔隙率porosity孔隙压力pore waterpressure孔隙水void water库仑定律Coulomblaw快剪试验quick shear test快速压缩试验fast compression test块石block蜡封法wax-sealing method老粘土paleo-clay离子交换ionc exchange粒度granularity粒组fraction粒状土granular soil粒径分级size gradation粒径分析gradation test粒径累计曲线gr

13、ain size accumulation curve砾石gravel砾质土gravelly soil沥青灌浆bitumen grouting力学性质mechanical property连结bond裂隙fissure临界功critical work灵敏度degree of sensitility流变性rheological property卵石cobble蒙脱石montmorillonite毛细上升高度capiilary height密度density密室度compactness摩尔圆Mohrs circle内聚力cohesion内摩擦角angle of internal friction内

14、摩擦系数coefficient of internal friction泥炭peat泥化夹层siltized intercalation粘土clay粘土矿物clay mineral粘性土cohesive soil粘粒组clay fraction碾压roller compaction排水剪切试验drained shear test膨胀expansion,swelling膨胀土expansion soil膨胀性expansibility膨胀率swelling rate膨胀压力swelling pressure漂石boulder平衡锥balance cone泊松比Poissions ratio破坏面

15、failure surface欠固结土underconsolidated soil强夯dynamic compaction强度strength强结合水strongly bound water切线模量tangent modulus of elasticity亲水性water affinity轻压粘土sandy loam曲率系数coefficient of curvature取样sampling起始水力梯度initial hydraulic gardient前期固结压力pre-consolidation pressure扰动土disturbed soil热处理heat treatment容重uni

16、t weight融沉thaw collapse肉眼鉴定visual inspection蠕变creep软土soft soil软化系数softening coefficient软弱夹层weak interbed弱结合水loosely bound water三因分类trifactor classification三轴剪切试验triaxial shear test砂sand砂粒组sand fraction砂砾sandy gravel砂砾类土sand-gravelly soil砂壤土sandy loam砂质土sandy soil砂质粉土sandy silt砂质粘土sandy clay筛分析sieve

17、analysis深层压实deep compaction透水性permeability渗透试验permeability test渗透速度velocity of permeability渗透系数coefficient of permeability渗透压力seepage pressure湿陷collapse湿陷性collapsibility湿陷性土collapsible soil湿陷系数coefficient of collapsibility湿陷起始压力initial collapse pressure湿密度wet density湿化slaking时间效应time effect收缩性shrink

18、age收缩系数coefficient of shrinkage双电层electric double layer水泥灌浆cement grouting水力梯度hydraulic gradient瞬时强度instaneous strength松软土mellow soil塑限plastic limit塑性土plasitic soil塑性图plasticity chart塑性变形plastic deformation塑性指数plasticity index塑性状态plasticity state素填土plain fill缩限shrinkage limit弹性变形elastic deformation弹

19、性模量modulus of elasticity体积应变volumetric strain体缩率volumetric shrinkage天然含水率natural moisture content天然稠度natural consistency填土fill土soil土粒particle土粒密度density of solid particles土力学soil mechanics土体soil mass土的统一分类Unified soil classification system土的分类soil classification土质改良soil improvement团粒aggregate团粒结构clu

20、ster structure完整性integrity微观结构microstructure微裂隙microscopic fissure无粘性土non-cohesive soil无侧限抗压强度unconfined compression strength物理性质physical property吸附层absorbed layer吸附水absorbed water吸水率water-absorptivity吸管法pipette method细碎屑土fine clastis soil细粒土fine-grained soil线缩率linear shrinkage现场测试field measurements

21、相对密度relative density新近堆积土recently deposied soil休止角angle of repose絮状结构flocculent structure压力pressure压缩性compressibility压缩变形compressive deformation压缩模量 modulus of compressibility压缩曲线compression curve压缩试验compression test压缩系数coefficient of compressibility压缩指数compression index亚粘土subclay亚砂土subsand盐渍土saline

22、 soil岩石rock岩块rock block岩体rock mass岩样rock sample岩石力学rock machanics岩土工程geotechnical engineering岩石风化程度系数alterating coefficient of rock岩体完整性系数sound degree coefficient of rock mass岩石质量指标rock quality designation岩体质量指标quality index of rock mass延续ductileness延性破坏ductile failure液化liquefaction液态liquid state液限l

23、iquid limit液性指数liquiditx index伊利石illite应变strain应力stress应力-应变曲线stress-strain curve永久变形permanent deformation有机质organic matter有机质土organic soil有机质含量organic content有效应力effective stress淤泥muck 淤泥质土muck soil预压法preloading method原状土样undisturbed sample杂填土miscellaneous fill载荷试验bearing test胀缩总率total linear swell

24、ing-shrinkage振动压密vibration compaction振动荷载vibrative load正常固结土noamally consolidation soils直剪试验direct shear teat中砂medium sand重力水gravitational water周围压力all round pressure轴向应变axial strain轴向应力axial stress主固结primary concolidation桩pile自由水free water自由膨胀率free swell自重压力overburden pressure自重湿陷性self-weight colla

25、pse自重湿陷系数coefficient of self-weight collapsibility最大粒径maximum particle size最大干密度maxmum dry density最大分子水密度maximum molecular water content最优含水率optimum moisture content面积area压缩系数compression coefficient压缩指数compression index收缩系数coefficient of shrinkage曲率系数coefficient of curvature不均匀系数coefficient of unifo

26、rmity内聚力cohesive force相对密度relative density直径diameter弹性模量modulus of elasticity动弹性模量dynamic elastic modulus变形模量modulus of deformation压缩模量compression modulus孔隙比void ratio膨胀率swelling rate胀缩总率total linear swelling-shrinkage自由膨胀率coefficient of free swelling内摩擦系数coefficient of internal friction剪切模量shear mo

27、dulus 重力加速度gravitational acceleration毛细上升高度capillary height高度、厚度height,thickness水力梯度hydraulic gradient起始水力梯度initial hydraulic gradient液性指数liquidity index塑性指数plasticity index软化系数softening coefficient饱水系测saturation coefficient岩体完整性系数sound degree coefficient of rock mass岩石风化程度系数alteration coefficient o

28、f rock渗透系数permeability coefficient长度length岩体质量指标quality index of rock mass质量mass空气质量mass of 颗粒质量mass of solid grain水的质量mass of water孔隙率、总空隙率porosity大开型空隙率porosity of large closed voids封闭空隙率porosity of closed voids小开型空隙率porosity of small closed voids总开型空隙率porosity of opened voids 荷重load压力pressure前期固结压力pre-consolidation pressure膨胀压力expansive pressure自重压力overburden pressure湿陷起始压力initial collapse pressure无测限抗压强度unconfined compression strength单轴抗压强度uniaxial compressive strength岩石质量指标rock quality designation半径radius饱和度degree o