大气复习提纲

1、2008 年大气课复习提纲请同学们多练习前三年的考题，考试的类型和难度类似。而且会有部分的重复。 Chap1，2，4，5，14，15： 这几章主要是考察一些重要的概念和理解 Chap 6 Point Sources Area Sources Fixed-box models：推导，计算 C=b+qL/vHDiffusion models：计算 z The Gaussian plume models（GPM） z Dispersion coefficients 查表 z Some modifications of the Basic GPM 选择合适的公式计算 Chap 10VOCs 的概念/来

2、源/危害 Control by Prevention Substitution：give examples Process Modification：give examples Leakage Control：give examples Condensation Adsorption: concept, calculation Absorption: concept, calculation Combustion: Three basic types of combustion Biofiltration: concept Chap 11H2S removal from petroleum a

3、nd natural gas SO2排放量的计算 SO2水洗/碱洗的问题Reactions of Forced-oxidation limestone wet scrubbing Problems and solution of Forced-oxidation limestone wet scrubbing 石膏排放量的计算 几种主要的脱硫方法的原理和优缺点 Chap 12NOX的危害 三种 NOX的产生机理 Control of nitrogen oxide emissions Modify the combustion processes Treat the combustion gas

4、 chemically SCR/SNCR：definition, reactions, 二者的优缺点，SCR 布置方式优缺点，用氨量的计算Chap 8,9, 13Concepts Lean burn Wet scrubber Aerodynamic diameter ESP Primary/Secondary particcles A/F TWC/FWC PM2.5 Inertia Separators Cyclones Re-entrainment driving velocity Alternative fuel EGR Questions Basic strategy of contro

5、l for particulate pollutants(three aspects)? Can TWC be applied in the treatment of diesel exhaust? Why? Please give out five major types of wet scrubbers and explain their work mechanism Equations For ESP: A =Q×(1)/ p Final examination of Air Pollution Engineering for Class 20041. Explain foll

6、owing technical terms (24 points, you can select 8 questions out of 10):1). Globe warming 2). Temperature inversions 3). ESP 4). HEPA 5). Lean burn 6). Plume rise 7). Wet scrubber 8). Photochemical smog 9). Thermal NO10). A/F ratio 2. Answer following questions (20 points, you can select 5 questions

7、 out of 6):1). Which are the main constituents for the ground level ozone formation?2). Please list five major types of wet scrubbers.3). How to control VOCs pollution by prevention?4).Please introduce the process of forced-oxidation Limestone Wet Scrubbing briefly.5). What is the most different poi

8、nts between SCR and SNCR?6). Can TWC be applied in the treatment of emission of diesel engine? Why?l The characteristic of emission of diesel engine: Ample PM and Excessive O2, Lower temperature;l The difficulty in the reaction of solid-gas-solid.3. Calculation (40 points)1) A city has the following

9、 description: W=5km, L=15km, u=2m/s, H=800m. the upwind, or background, concentration of carbon monoxide is b=5g/m3. The emission rate per unit area is q=4×10-6g/sm2. What is the concentration c of carbon monoxide over the city?2) An ESP is designed to treat 540,000 acfm(actual cubic feet per m

10、inute) with 99% efficiency. Assuming an effective drift velocity of 0.12 m/s, calculate the required plate area and the number of plates3) We wish to treat an airstream containing 0.005mol fraction (0.5%, 5000ppm) toluene, moving at a flow rate 3000m3/h at 27 and 1 atm, so as to remove 99% of the to

11、luene by water absorption. Estimate the required water flow rate. Here Henrys law constant is 9800 atm. 4) A power plant flue gas contains 1000×10-6 （1000ppm）of NOx，and is emitted at a rate of 89.6m3/s at 546K and 1 atm. The NOx is 90%mol NO, balance NO2. A selective catalytic reduction system

12、is to be used to remove the NOx. Calculate the minimum of ammonia needed in kg/h.4. Analysis (16 points)Now we focus on the acid rain in Guangzhou city. What is your understanding about this topic? Could you provide administrators with some advice? 2004环境工程大气污染控制工程试卷B4. Explain following technical t

13、erms (24 points, you can select 8questions out of 10):1). Globe warming 2). Temperature inversions 3). ESP 4).PM105). Lean burn 6). VOCs 7). Wet scrubber 8). SCR 9).Thermal NO 10). A/F ratio 5. Answer following questions (20 points, you can select 5 questions out of 8):1). What are primary air pollu

14、tants and secondary air pollutants? Any example?2). What kinds of indoor air pollutants are mostly concerned by public?3). Which are the main constituents for the ground level ozone formation?4). How to control VOCs pollution by prevention?5). Please explain the formation of acid rain?6). Please int

15、roduct the process of forced-oxidation Limestone Wet Scrubbing briefly.7). What are basic principles of electrostatic Precipitators (six activities)?8). Can TWC be applied in the treatment of diesel exhaust? Please give the explaination.6. Calculation (40 points, you can select 4 questions out of 5)

16、1) A power plant emits 60 kg of fly ash per hour from its main stack. The effluent flow rate in the stack is 1m3/sec. What is the concentration of the fly ash in discharged gas. Express your results in µg/m3.2) An ESP is designed to treat 600,000 acfm with 99% efficiency. Assuming an effective

17、drift velocity of 0.1 m/s, calculate the required plate area and the number of plates. The plate size is 6m tall by 3m long(A =Q×(1)/p, M3/hr0.588578333 ACFM, ACFM1ft3/min, M21550 in210.7639 ft2).3) A power plant flue gas contains 1000×10-6 of NO and is emitted at a rate of 224m3/s at 546K

18、 and 1 atm. A selective catalytic reduction system is to be used to achieve 90% removal of the NO. Calculate the minimum of ammonia needed in kg/h. 4) A power plant emits 36 kg/h of SO2 at height H=100m and the wind speed 2 m/s. Dispersion Coefficients: y=40m and z=30m, At a distance of 1 km downwin

19、d.a. What is the SO2 concentrations at the centerline of the plume?b. At a point 100 meters to the side of the centerline of the plume, what is the SO2 concentrations?5) The efficiency of an ESP is 98%. The efficiency of the ESP drops to 93% as a result of flow rate changes. Calculate the ratio of f

20、low rates for the above situation. Use appropriate assumptions.4. Analysis(16 points)Now we concentrate on the photochemical smog in some big cities. What is your understanding about this topic? Could you provide the administrator with some advice? 2005给排水工程/环境科学/环境工程大气污染控制工程试卷A一、 Explain following

21、technical terms (18 points, you can select 6questions out of 8):1). Temperature inversions 2). Photochemical smog 3).Lean burn 4). Point Sources 5).Wet scrubber 6). Aerodynamic diameter 7). HEPA 8). SNCR二、 Answer following questions (25 points, you can select 5 questions out of 8):1). What are prima

22、ry air pollutants and secondary air pollutants? Any example?2). Which are the main constituents for the ground level ozone formation? 3). Basic strategy of control for particulate pollutants(three aspects)? 4). Please give two examples to control VOCs emission by prevention.5). What are the major de

23、velopment problems of Forced-oxidation limestone wet scrubbing?6). Can TWC be applied in the treatment of diesel exhaust? Why? 7) How to reduce the formation of NOx in flue gas by modifying the combustion processes? 8）Give names of three typical kinds of combustion reactors. Which has lowest operato

24、r temperature among those reactors? 三、 Calculation (44 points)1) Estimate the concentration of carbon monoxide at the downwind edge of a city. The city may be considered to consist of three parallel strips, located perpendicular to the wind. For all of the strips the wind velocity equal 3 m/s. The p

25、roperties of each of the strips are described in the following table: 10Name of stripLength, kmEmission rateq, g/s·km2Mixing heightH, mUpwind suburbs5100400Downtown2500500Downwind suburbs51004002) An ESP is designed to treat 540,000 acfm with 99% efficiency. Assuming an effective drift velocity

26、 of 0.12 m/s, calculate the required plate area and the number of plates. The plate size is 5.4m tall by 3m long(A =Q×(1)/p, acfm1ft3/min, 1m=3.28ft, 1m21550 in210.7639 ft2). 103) We wish to treat an airstream containing 0.005mol fraction (0.5%, 5000ppm) toluene, moving at a flow rate 2240m3/h

27、at 0 and 1 atm, so as to remove 99% of the toluene by water absorption. Estimate the required water flow rate. Here Henrys law constant is 10000 atm. 124）A power plant flue gas contains 1000ppm of SO2 and is emitted at a rate of 224m3/s at 546K and 1 atm. A Forced-oxidation limestone wet scrubbing s

28、ystem is to be used to achieve 90% removal of the SO2. Calculate the amount of CaSO4·2H2O contained in the final solid product in t/d. 12四、Analysis(10 points)Some people think climate change and globe warming have relation with air pollution. But other people stand the opposite side. Whats your

29、 opinion about this?2005给排水工程/环境科学/环境工程大气污染控制工程试卷B一、 Explain following technical terms (24 points):1).Globe warming 2).Temperature inversions 3).ESP 4).Primary Particles5). Alternative fuel 6).VOCs 7). SCR 8).Thermal NO二、 Answer following questions (20 points):1). What are primary air pollutants and

30、 secondary air pollutants? Any example?2). Which are the main constituents for the ground level ozone formation? 3). Basic strategy of control for particulate pollutants(three aspects)? 4). Please give two examples to control VOCs emission by prevention.5). What are the major development problems of

31、 Forced-oxidation limestone wet scrubbing?6). Can TWC be applied in the treatment of diesel exhaust? Why? 7) How to reduce the formation of NOx in flue gas by modifying the combustion processes? 8）Give names of three typical kinds of combustion reactors. Which has lowest operator temperature among t

32、hose reactors? 三、 Calculation (40 points)1) A power plant emits 36 kg/h of SO2 at height H=100m and the wind speed 2 m/s. Dispersion Coefficients: y=40m and z=30m, At a distance of 1 km downwind.c. What is the SO2 concentrations at the centerline of the plume?d. At a point 100 meters to the side of the cente