2019年高考英语语法必考考点(6)动词及动词短语

1、2019 年高考英语语法必考考点（6）:动词及动词短语含解析李仕才2019年高考英语语法必考考点06动词及动词短语【考点解读】动词和动词短语是历年高考单项填空考查的核心热点，每年必考，一般占12道题。设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或动词短语（有时是同一动词与不同介词或副词的搭配）来测试考生在具体语境中对动词及动词短语意义的理解和实际运用能力。动词及动词短语的考查点多面广，综合性强，备受命题者青睐。考点一、考查动词词义辨析这类试题的四个选项是在结构上都很相近的动词。要做好这类试题，必须明确各个动词的词义和用法，然后根据题意需要选用合适的动词。女口：Recently, these compani

2、es have _ some workers because of the drop ineconomy.A. hired B. dismissed C. refused D. employed【答案】B【解析】四个选项都是及物动词，且都可以与worker构成动宾关系，但从题干中的thedrop in cioiiCJiy可知，只有B项符合题意。考点二、考查近义动词辨析这类试题的四个选项无论在意义上还是在结构上都是很相近的动词。面对这类试题，必须要从四个动词的语义差别、用法特点等入手才能选出符合题意的动词。女口：When his brother was to cross the street,

3、he was knocked down by a truckand badly_。A. injured B damaged C. harmed D. destroyed【答案】A【解析】这四个动词都有囁害，损害戈意，但具体用法不同中injure指在青外事故中糧伤二论gf主要指对于物体的不彻底的破坏，这种硕坏或因自然灾害所致，或湫为造成，常含可臥修复之意;呗用 于肉体或精袖上的伤害，有时可指引起不安或不便；血弧可表示毀坏十分彻底，常含无迭修复再用之意。从 题意来看，答案为考点三、考查动词与其宾语的固定搭配英语中有许多动词与其宾语有固定的搭配和习惯用法。碰到这类试题时，解答的关键是弄清题意，然后根

4、据题意选择符合固定搭配或习惯用法的动词。女口：With modern equipment, many mysteries have_to light in recent years.A. bought B. come C. throw n D. appeared【答案】B【解析】题意为“由于有现代化的设备，近年来许多谜团被揭开”。“揭露，将曝光”是come to light，故答案为B。考点四、考查同根动词短语的辨析这类试题的四个选项都是由同一个动词加不同的介词或副词构成。从历年高考试题来看，那些搭配能力强、语义丰富的常用动词短语是命题的重点对象。解答这类试题时，一定要在理解语境的基础上，从语

5、义逻辑、固定搭配、前后关系等角度去确定答案。女口：How I wish that I could_ my ideas in simple and wonderful Englishwhe n chatt ing on the n et.A. set out B. set offC. set in D. set up【答案】A【解析】 分析题意为蛾多么希望在网上聊天时能用简单而又漂亮的英语表达我的思想啊二由題竜可 知空缺处应该是“表达;解之意，而四个选项中只有set cut有此意，故答案为岛。考点五、考查同根介词或副词的动词短语的辨析这类试题的四个选项是由不同的动词加相同的介词或副词构成。解答这

6、类试题的关键首先还是弄清题意，然后选出符合题意和句子结构需要的动词短语。如：1._ When I was twen ty, I had tobefore graduati on and work in a clothes shop tohelp support my family.【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：他花了很长时间才获得了成为一名优秀舞蹈A. drop out B. come out C. leave out D. stay out【答案】A【解析】分析题意为“在20岁时，我不得不辍学到一家服装店工作以帮助养活我的家人。”从题意可知，空缺处应该是辍学”之意，四个选项中，只

7、有A项的drop out有此意，故答案为A。2. Take care duri ng the holidays! Drinking too much can_ heart diseaseand cause high blood pressure.A. con tribute to B. relate to C. atte nd to D. devote to【答案】A【解析】分析题意为“节日期间要当心！喝酒太多会导致心脏病和引起高血压。”由题意可知，空缺处应该是“导致”之意，四个选项中，只有A项con tributeto有此意，故答案为A。考点六、考查不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析这类试题的四个

8、选项是由四个不同的动词构成的动词短语。解答这类试题的关键是根据题干意思，选出符合题意的动词短语。女口：The society today offers the young generation more chances to _ theirtale nt and skills.A. give out B. take inC. show off D. carry on【答案】C【解析】分析题意为芝今社会给年轻一代提供了更多的机会来展示他们的才能和技能 空缺处应i亥是戈耀;展示 R 之意，故答案为Ce【真题分析】一、单项选择1. （2018天津卷）It took him a long time t

9、o_ the skills he needed to becomea good dancer.A. display B. acquire C. teach D. test【答案】B由题竜可知,家所需的技能。A display显示；B. acquire获得；C. teach教；D. test测试。故选B。2. （2018天津卷）At first Robert would nt let his daughter go divi ng, but even tuallyhe_as she was so con fide nee about her skills.A. gave in B. dresse

10、d up C. broke in D. tur ned up【答案】A【解析】考查动辨析及语境理解。句意：起初，罗伯特不愿让他女儿去潜水，但最终他让步了因为她对她的技能是如此的有把握。A. gave in屈服，让步；B.dressed up打扮；C.brokein 1闯入；打断；D. turned up出现。根据转折词but及原因asshe was so con fide nt abouther skills可知最终他让步了。故选A3. （2018江苏卷）Developingthe Yan gtze RiverEcono micBelt is asystematicprojectwhicha

11、clear road map and timetable.A. callsfor B. callsonC. callsoff D. callsup【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程。A. calls for需要；B. calls on号召；C. calls off取消；D. callsup使想起。故选A。4. （2018江苏）Kidsshouldnthave access to violentfilms because they might _ the things they see.A. i ndicate B. i

12、 nvestigate C. imitate D. i nno vate【答案】C【解析】考查动词i司义辨析及语境理解。句意；孩子不应该接触暴力电影，因为他们也许会模仿彳也们所见的事情A. indicate指示j B. investigate调查? ? C.C.isiiute模情：D. innovate改革 故选C。5. （2017天津卷）Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter_ , getmarried, and have kids.A. settled dow nB. keep offC. get up D. cut in【答

13、案】A【解析】考查动词短语。句意：布朗先生和夫人想要看到他们的女儿安顿下来，结婚生子。A.安顿下来；B远离；C起床；D嘴。根据句意，故选A。6. （2017江苏卷）A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year willhelp _ your year ahead.A. shapeB. switchC. stretchD.sharpen【答案】A【解析】考查动词的辨析。A. shape塑造，决定. 的形成，影响.的发展；B. switch转变，交换，调班；C. stretch拉长，拉紧，伸展，伸长，延伸消耗；D. shar

14、pen提高，使尖锐，变得 清晰。句意：快速回顾一年的成败将会决定来年的发展。故选A。7. （2017江苏卷）Working with the medical team in Africa has_the best inher as a doctor.A. held outB. brought outC. picked outD. given out【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。held out坚持；提供机会；伸出手；B. brought out使显现， 阐明，出版；C. picked out使容易看见，找出精心挑选，认出来；D. given out用完，停止运行，分 发，发出，公布。句意

15、：在非洲同医疗队一起工作已经使她表现出了作为医生最好的一面。这里取“使显现” 之意，故选B。9. （2016江苏卷）_He did noteasily, but was willingto accept anyconstructive advice for a worthy cause.A. approachB. wrestleC. compromiseD. communicate【答案】C【解析】 考查动词辨析。动词approach靠近， 接近；wrestle摔跤， 斗争， 努力解决；compromise妥协； 和解； 让步；communicate交流；句意：他并容易妥协，但是对于正义的事业

16、，他愿 意接受任何建设性的建议。根据句意可知C项正确。10.（2016江苏卷）Parents should actively urge theirchildrento _ theopportunity to join sports teams.A. gain admission to B. keep track ofC. take adva ntage of D. give rise to【答案】C【解析】 考查短语辨析*动词短语gain a（inMKKion to获准进入;keep trsck cf记录$take idvntage cf利用:give useto引起直句意：父母亲应该积极鼓励

17、孩子抓住机会蜃加体育活动根据句意可知C项正确。二、单句填空1.（2015 江苏卷）The universitystarted some new Ianguage programs to cater_the coun trys Silk Road Econo mic Belt.【答案】for【解析】句意：为了满足国家丝绸之路经济带发展的要求，这所大学开设了一些新的语言项目。cater for满足需要，迎合”。2.（2015江苏卷）The whole team count _Cristia no Ron aldo,and he seldom letsthem dow n.【答案】on【解析】句意：

18、全队都指望克里斯蒂亚诺罗纳尔多，他很少让他们失望。count on“指望”。3._ （2015天津卷）Tom had to turnthe invitation to the party lastweekendbecause he was too busy.【答案】dow n【解析】句意：上个周末汤姆不得不拒绝宴会的邀请，因为他太忙了。turn down“拒绝”。4.（2015浙江卷）We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our sensesor appeal_ our emoti ons tha n for straig

19、ht facts.【答案】to【解析】句意：我们通常更容易记住那些对我们的感官产生刺激，对我们的情感有吸引力的东西，而非直截了当的事实。即peal to固定短语“吸引”。5._ （2015浙江卷）Body Ianguage can give a lot aboutyour mood, so standingwith your arms folded can send out a sig nal that you are being defe nsive.【答案】away【解析】句意：肢体语言能泄露你的心情，因此，双手交叉站着传出的信号是你处于防御状态。give away“泄露，暴露”。6.（2

20、015湖北卷）There is no doubt that this candidatesadva ntage lies _his ability to communi cate with foreig ners in En glish.【答案】in【解析】句意：毫无疑问，这位候选人的优势在于他能够用英语和外国人交流。定短语“在于”。7. (2015陕西卷)Peter will take _ his post as the head of the travel agencyat the end of n ext mon th.【答案】up【解析】句意：Peter在这个月底将从事旅行社负责人的职

21、位。take up“拿起，开始从事”。8.The stro ng wind had a bad effect on our n ewly pla nted young trees.Whats more, it_many people ridi ng bikes on the road.【答案】affects【解析】句意：一一“强风对我们新种植的小树有很坏的影响严一一“而且它戢响许多在踣上骑自行车的人畀havca(ii) . effect on“对一有一的影响3 affect为动词，意为“影响叫9.1 think the secret of stay ing young was to_ with

22、 young people.【答案】mix【解析】考查动词。句意：我认为保持年轻的秘诀就是与年轻人交往。mix with sb.“与某人交往”。10. I will move out next week. Im not going to put up_ my roommate smok ingany Ion ger.【答案】with【解析】考查动词短语。句意：我下周就会搬出去。我再也受不了我室友吸烟了。put up with“忍受”，符合句意。三、单句改错1. He lied dow n by the side of the path to rest.【答案】liedTlay,【解析】句意：他

23、在小路边躺下休息。lie表示“躺”时，其过去时是lay2. Charles and Linda were see ing n ear the top of the buildi ng.【答案】seeingTseenlies in固【解析】句意：有人在房顶附近看到Charles and Linda。因为从含义上看，此处谓语应用 被动语态。3. Books may be keep for four weeks.【答案】keepf fkept【解析】句意：书可以借（被保留）四周。此处要用被动语态。4.and let you know when the book you want has return

24、ed.【答案】returned之前加been【解析】句意：让你知道你要的书什么时候归还了。从句意上看，此处要用被动语态。5. They eager to know everyth ing about China and asked me lots of questio ns.【答案】eager前加were【解析】句意：他们急于想知道关于中国的一切，问了我很多问题。此处缺谓语动词6. Id like to your pen-friend, and get to know more about your country.【答案】to后加be / become【解析】句意：我想成为你的笔友，更多的了

25、解你的国冢。因would like后要接不定式，根据句意此处应 加tM/twcom饲7. I use to play ping-pong a lot in myspare time, but now I am interestedin football.【答案】use tofused to【解析】句意：我过去在业余时间常打乒乓球，现在喜欢足球了。此为习语，意为“过去经常”。8. Because of so much viewing, children may not be develop the habit of reading andthe ability to enjoy themselv

26、es.【答案】去掉be【解析】句意：因为看得太多，孩子们可能不会养成阅读习惯和赏识自己的能力。去掉be,因它与其后的动词develop相冲突）9. I followed her advice and should put dow n 100 words or so each day.【答案】去掉should【解析】句意：我听从她的建议，每天抄写大约100个单词。去掉should，因put和followed是平行结构，作并列谓语）10. You have to lear n in order to teach. Without eno ugh kno wledges, you can n eve

27、rlearn well.【答案】learnfteach【解析】句意：因上句讲“为了教好，教师不得不学”好”。【对点测试】一、单项选择1. （2018滨海7校联考）We arranged to meet at the cinema at 7:30, but Jack failedto_.A. break up B. set upC. turn up D. give up【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组。A. break up打辞解散；B. set up建立C. turn出现调高；D.巨佃放弃。句意；我们庆排在7：知在电龜院见面凰在克没能来。根將句意可知答案为 62. （2018滨海7校联考）The

28、 guidanee teacher was their adviser, offering themsuggesti ons and soluti ons whe n they_ difficulties.A. arose B. encoun tered C. emerged D. evaluated【答案】B【解析】考查动词。A. arose出现；B. encountered遇到；C. emerged浮现，暴露；D. evaluated评估。指导老师是他们的导师，当他们遇到困难时，给他们提供建议和解决方案。可知答案为B3. （2018江苏97校联考）Evidenee begins to _

29、that the earth and the restof the uni verse are in fact cha nging with time.A. accumulate B. accelerate C. accompa ny D. approve【答案】A【解析】考查动词。A. accumulate累积；B. accelerate加速；C. accompany陪伴；D. approve批准。句意：地球和宇宙的其他部分实际上在随着时间而改变的证据开始累积。指证据积累，故选A。4. （2018江苏97校联考）The police have _ anyone with informatio

30、n to come，此句便是“没有学问，就决不会教forward and ta lk to them.A. appealed toB. atte nded toC. resp on ded to D. attached to【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语。A. appealed to呼吁；B. attended to出席，参加；C. respondedto做出反应；D. attached to附属于。句意：警方呼吁任何知道信息的人站出来与他们交谈。表示呼吁，故选A。5. （2018天津市部分区）I could not _my tears when I saw the picture ofmy

31、father work ing at the quake zone.A. bring In B. tur n upC. take off D. hold back【答案】D【解析】考查动词词组*A. bring IM引进；B. turn up出现；调高j C. takeM M脱下1j D. hold back隐瞒*退缩。句意：当我看到我父亲在地雳灾区工作的照片时，我不禁流下了眼泪。根据句意可知答案为m m6. （2018天津市七所重点中学）The guidanee teacher was their adviser,offeringthemsuggesti ons and soluti ons

32、 whe n they_ difficulties.A. arose B. encoun tered C. emerged D. evaluated【答案】B【解析】考查动词。A. arose出现；B. encountered遇到；C. emerged浮现，暴露；D. evaluated评估。指导老师是他们的导师，当他们遇到困难时，给他们提供建议和解决方案。可知答案为B7. （2018天津市十二所重点中学）Peter has spent too much time on novels recently.That may_ his poor grade in the exam.A. acco u

33、nt forB. an swer forC. apply for D. sta nd for【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A. account for说明，导致；B. answer for对.负责；C.apply for运用；D. stand for代表。句意：-彼得最近花了太多时间看小说。-这也许是他考试成绩不好的原因。故选Ao8. （2018江苏丹阳中学等）Ru nning a bus in ess, no matter where it is started, _plentiful market research, consistent integrity and a great

34、deal of discipline.A. clarifies B. in volves C. un dertakes D. digests【答案】B【解析】考查动词。A. clarifies澄清；B. involves牵涉；C. undertakes承担，保证；D. digests消化。句意：无论在哪里起家，经营一个公司涉及到丰富的市场调研、一贯的诚信和大量的纪律。句子用一般现在时态，动名词做主语，故答案为B。9. （2018南京高淳区联考）The police haveanyone with information to comeforward and talk to them.A. ap

35、pealed to B. atte nded toC. resp on ded to D. attached to【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语。A. appealed to呼吁；B. attended to出席，参加；C. respondedto做出反应；D. attached to附属于。句意：警方呼吁任何知道信息的人站出来与他们交谈。表示呼吁，故选A.10. （2018江苏涟水中学）The team are working hard to_the problem so thatthey can find the best solution.A. face B. preve nt C. r

36、aise D. an alyse【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析，句意：团队正在努力分析这一问题一遍找到解决问题的方法。A项疔面对B项 邛且止0提出，举起3 D项吩析3故选D项。二、单句填空1.Do you have eno ugh to_all your daily expe nses?Oh yes, eno ugh and to spare.【答案】cover【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一一“你有足够用以支付日常开支的钱吗？”一一 “有，足够并且还有结余。”cover在此意为“（钱）够（某事物之）用”。2. What are you doing out of bed, Tom? Your

37、e_ （suppose） to be asleep.【答案】supposed【解析】考查动词短语。句意：汤姆，你不在床上，在干什么？你应该正在睡觉。be supposedto do sth.表示“应该做某事”，相当于should do sth.，含有“本应该做某事，但事实上没做”之意，符合题意。3. I will move out n ext week. Im not going to put up_my roommate smok ing any Ion ger.【答案】with【解析】考查动词短语。句意：我下周就会搬出去。我再也受不了我室友吸烟了。put up with“忍受”，符合句意。

38、4. There is no evide nee to show that he is_ (conn ect) with the murder.【答案】conn ected【解析】考查动词短语。句意：没有证据表明他和这起谋杀案有关。conn ect.with.“把与联系”。5. Two young men_(conn ect) the robbery have bee n questi oned by the localpolice about the details of the case.【答案】connected with【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：两个与这起抢劫案有关的年轻人已经就

39、案子的细节被当地警方进行了审问。be conn ected with“与.有关的”，符合句意。6. As n either of us would give_,the barga in came to nothing.【答案】in【解析】考查动i司短语。句肓：由于双方都不让步.协商最终没有结果。型啊 a投降屈服，让步笃符合句着 O7._Our teacher stressed again that we shouldnot leave_ any important detailswhile retelling the story.【答案】out【解析】考查动词短语。句意：老师再次强调我们在复述

40、故事时不应遗漏任何重要的细节。leave out“遗漏”，符合句意。8. The enemies also burned their farms and blew_ their dams and power plants.【答案】up【解析】考查动词短语。句意：敌人也烧毁了他们的农场，炸毁了他们的大坝和电厂。blowup“爆炸，炸毁”，符合句意。9. The police suspected him of carrying drugs so they went_ his bag, but foundno thi ng.【答案】through【解析】考查动词短语。句意：警察怀疑他携带毒品，因此详

41、细检查了他的包，但什么也没找到。go through“详细检查”，符合句意。10.Why was our foreig n teacher un happy yesterday?News about the tsunami strikingher country set_ an attack ofhomesick ness.【答案】off【解析】考查动词短语。句意：一一“为什么我们的外教昨天不高兴？” 一一 “海啸袭击她的国家的消息引发了她的思乡病。”setoff“引起，激起”，符合句意。三、单句改错1. The nu mber of people who lear ns En glish a

42、s a foreig n Ian guage is more tha n 750 millio n.【答案】learns learn【解析】动词错误：定语从句的先行词为people，是复数，所以who也是复数，谓语动词要用复数。2. The novel is really a hit. How many pages have you read?【答案】read covered【解析】动词错误：此句的意思是，“看完了多少页书，”read无此意；而cover有“看完了多少页书”之意。3. The guide told us not to go to the lake which is not fit for us to swim.【答案】.to swimTto swim in【解析】动词错误：不及物动词后要跟宾语，须在不及物动词后加相应的介词。4. It is said that the weather will last hot for ano ther three or four d