江苏专用2019高考英语二轮培优复习专题三阅读理解第四讲词义猜测题习题

1、第四讲 词义猜测题一、题型解读词义猜测题是高考英语阅读理解题中一种常见的题型。通过对近几年江苏高考英语阅读理解题的分析统计可以看出，词义猜测题一般有 12 题。常见的考查方式有：考点1猜测词义题考点2猜测短语题词义猜测题考点3猜测指代题考点4猜测句意题二、设问方式词义猜测题着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从 “已知 ”得出“未知 ”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分 (尤其是该词或短语前后的句子 )进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义，常见的命题形式有： The underlined word in the second paragraph means“ _”. Which

2、 of the following words is the closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph? The underlinedword“ hunch”in Paragraph2 canbestbe replacedby“ _”. What does the phrase“ knock off ” in Paragraph 1 mean? The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means“ _”. The word“ it ” in the last

3、 sentence refers to“ _”.三、常见生词类型在英语阅读训练和测试中的生词障碍往往会成为学生理解的“绊脚石 ”，这些 “绊脚石 ”的出现大致分五类：1.旧词新义，考查词汇表中未出现的词义，如：Nearby is the Indianapolis racecourse ，where the nation s most famous car race is held each year on May 30th.我们学过course的意思是 “过程，课程 ”等，在此显然不符句意。根据上下文course 是汽车赛举行的地方，可推断course 在该句是 “车道 ”或“跑道 ”的意思。

4、2.合成词、转化词与派生词，如shoplifting ，heartbroken ， computer -literate ，decision -thinking ，imperfect 等；3. “灵活 ”的常用词增多，这些词必须根据具体的上下文语境才能正确理解；4. “新鲜 ”的外国人名、地名、专有名称增多，这些词有些带有一定的文化背景；5.超纲生词。猜测词义题典例 (2017 全国卷 阅读 C)Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and muchof the continental United

5、States，but they were gradually displaced by humandevelopment.Bythe 1920s ， wolveshad practicallydisappearedfromYellowstone area.They went farther northinto the deep forests of Canadawhere there were fewer humans around.29.What does the underlined word“ displaced” in-aphParagr2mean?A.Tested.B.Separat

6、ed.C.Forced out.D.Tracked down.the，答案 C 词义猜测题。 根据本段后两句可知， 因为人类的发展， 侵占了灰狼的领域，灰狼逐渐向北迁徙，由此推断灰狼被人类排挤走了。 【技巧点拨】如何解决词义猜测题？1.根据定义猜测词义。 如果生词由定语从句、 同位语 (同位语前常有 or ，similarly ， that is to say ，in other words ，namely ，or rather ，say 等 )或同位语从句来定义，或使用破折号、 冒号、分号后的内容或引号中的内容加以解释， 理解这些定义或解释就是在理解词义。2.根据对比、比较关系猜测词义。在一

7、个句子或段落中如有对两个事物或两种现象的对比性描述， 我们可以从生词的对立面猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词语主要有： unlike ，not ，but ，however ， despite ，in spite of ，in contrast 等。表示对比关系的句子结构有：while 引导的并列句。表示比较关系的词语主要有：similarly ，like ， just as ， also ，as well as 等。3.通过构词法猜测词义。生词的前缀、后缀、复合词的各部分，词性的变化都可以暗示出词义。(1)不管这个词多超纲，根据上下文都能得出其意思；(2)不管这个词多熟悉，都要通过上下文得出其在特

8、定场合的意思。猜测短语题典例(2017 江苏高考 阅读 B)Beforebirth ， babiescan tellthe difference between loud soundsandvoices.Theycan evendistinguishtheirmother svoicefrom that of a femalestranger.Butwhen itcomes toembryonic learning(胎 教 ) ， birdscouldrule_the_roost.As recently reported inThe Auk ：Ornithological Advances ，

9、some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch(孵化 ).New -born chicks can then imitate their moms call within a few days ofentering the world.58.The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means“ _”.A.be the worstB.be the bestC.be just as badD.be just as good答案 B 本段一开始提到婴儿在辨别母亲的声音方面能

10、力非常强， 然后用了一个转折连词 “But，”说明其后的内容 “鸟类在胎教方面 ”应该是做得最好。 故选 B。【技巧点拨】如何解决猜测短语题？猜测短语题要利用出现短语的上文与其意义上的联系或下文进一步的叙述来猜测它的意思或利用文章中所出现的与短语意思相反的内容来猜测其语意。猜测指代题典例 (2017 全国卷 阅读 C)Some of the world most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris andNewOrleanstocelebratethefirstannualInternationalJazzDay.UNESCO(United

11、Nations Educational，Scientific and Cultural Organization)recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music，its significance ，and its potential as a unifying(联合 ) voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations ，though ，in the U.S.the jazz audience continues toshrinkandgrow older ， andth

12、emusichas failed toconnect with youngergenerations.It Jason Moran sjob to help changethat.As the Kennedy Center artisticadviser for jazz ，Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz， make the musicmore accessible ，and preserve its history and culture.29.What does the underlined word“ that ” in Paragr

13、aph 3 refer to?A.Jazz becoming more accessible.B.The production of jazz growing faster.C.Jazz being less popular with the young.D.The jazz audience becoming larger.答案C代词指代题。根据前文Despite the celebrations ， though ，in theU.S.the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older，and the music hasfailed t

14、o connect with younger generations可知尽管 UNESCO 为爵士乐设了纪念日，但美国的爵士乐听众依然在减少，并且年龄在老化， 爵士乐没能将年轻一代人连接起来。再结合It Jason Morans job to help change that( 是 JasonMoran 的工作帮助改变那一情况)可推测 that 指代的是前文中爵士乐在年轻一代人中失去吸引力的现象。故选C。【技巧点拨】如何解决猜测指代题？此类题目应注意代词指代的总原则 代词通常指代上文已提到的内容。 代词指代要注意在数、格、逻辑、意义、位置等方面与之接近的名词。就位置而言，代词所指代的名词通常在

15、本句或其上句中。 只有好好把握代词指代所在段落或前面段落的整体意思，问题才能迎刃而解。猜测句意题典例 (2017 江苏高考 阅读 D)When it comes to adaptation，it is important to understand that climate changeis a process.We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard，but to a constantly shifting set of conditions.This is why，in part at least ，the

16、USNationalClimateAssessmentsaysthat：“ There_is_no_ one-size_fits_all _adaptationNevertheless.” ，therearesome actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost.65.The underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies_.A.adaptation is an ever -changing processB.the cost of adaptation varies with timeC.global

17、 warming affects adaptation formsD.adaptation to climate change is challenging答案 A根据上文中的 “We are therefore.but to a constantly shifting set ofconditions. 可”知，对于不断变化的环境，没有一个通用的方法来解决所有这样的问题。故画线部分表示的是适应环境也是一个不断变化的过程。本题采取的是重述的方法。故选A。【技巧点拨】如何解决猜测句意题？此类题目通常需要猜测意思的是一个具有概括性的句子， 或是格言、谚语等，做题时只要通过阅读文章， 对原句进行语法

18、和词义上的准确分析， 并和答案选项做一番比较，不难找出正确选项。 一般来说， 正确选项的意思与原句的意思完全相同，只不过是用了其他的英语词汇表述而已。题组一应用文A(2018 全国卷 )Washington,D.C.Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.Duration ： 3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherrytrees with beautiful flowers of Washingto

19、n，D.C.Your guide will provide a historylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserve your spot before availability andthe cherry blossoms disappear!Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration ： 3 hours (4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monume

20、nts in Washington,D.C.Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mallas your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop.Guided tour includes bike, helmet ，cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.Duration ： 3 hoursMorning or Afternoon, this bike tour is th

21、e perfect tour for D.C.newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington ，D.C.in a healthy way with minimum effort.Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks.Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route( 路线 ) make cycli

22、ng between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration ： 3 hours (7 miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington,D.C.Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bikethe sites of Capitol Hill and the National

23、 Mall.Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history.Tour includes bike ，helmet ， and bottled water.All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了在华盛顿特区骑自行车观光的四条路线、参观的主要景点和从事的活动。1.Which tour do you need to book in advance?A.Cherr

24、y Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.B.Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington，D.C.D.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.答案A细节理解题。根据第一条旅行路线介绍的最后一句spot before availability and the cherry blossoms“Reserve your disappear可知，选择”第一条旅行路线需要提前预订。2.What wi

25、ll you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?A.Meet famous people.B.Go to a national park.C.Visit well -known museums.D.Enjoy interesting stories.答案D 细节理解题 。 根据第三条旅行路线介绍中 的 “Knowledgeableguides.memorials ， and parks ”可知，选择这条旅行路线的游客可以在观光过程中听导游讲故事。 3.Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night pr

26、ovide?A.City maps.B.Cameras.C.Meals.D.Safety lights.答案D 细节理解题。第四条旅行路线是夜间游览， 根据该段介绍的最后一句“ All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights可知，该路线为 ”夜间骑车观光的游客提供反光背心和安全灯。B(2018 苏北四市高三第一次调研)The Chocolate MuseumThe story of chocolate through the ages Experience chocolate-making from cocoa b

27、ean to chocolate bar Enjoy the smell ， taste and texture of freshly made chocolate Opening hoursTuesFri10 am to 6 pmSat&Sun public holidays 11 am to 7 pmClosed on Mondays， Christmas Day and during Carnival week.Entrance feesAdults $6.00Concessions (over 65 years old) $3.00Groups (of 15 people or mor

28、e) $5.00More than a museum！The Panorama Restaurant can cater for all your corporate events: business lunches，anniversaries， weddings and parties.Groups of 30 300 people are welcome.Welcome To Auckland Museum“Nau mai haere mai ”AucklandMuseum hasaconstantlychangingfeastoffreshexhibitions reflecting t

29、he culture of New Zealand.This year is no exception.Click here to find out more Latest newsBe inspiredby the da VinciMachines exhibitionand design and buildflying machine.The best entry will win the budding inventor a helicopter ride overAuckland for a family of four.eventsand newyour own originalAv

30、oid the traffic， enjoyhassle-freeparkingand view the exhibitsinpeace and quieton Wednesday evenings! Open till 7： 30 pm.From 28 November until 4 March there will be no public access to the Reading Room.Click here to find out more Museum opening hours10 am 5 pm daily (except Christmas Day)4.If 16 adu

31、lts ，including 3 aged 70 ， plan to visit the Chocolate Museum，howmuch should they pay at least?A.$69.B.$78.C.$80.D.$87.答案B 数字计算题。根据第一小篇 Entrance fees 中的信息可知， 成年人 $6/位，大于 65 岁的人优惠价 $3/ 位，大于等于 15 人以上的团队 $5/ 位，题中可知为16 人团队且有 3 名大于 65 岁的人，则为满足 15 人团队的 15 名成员 *团队价 $5 剩下的一名大于 65 岁者 *优惠价 $3 78 元。故选 B。5.Acco

32、rding to the information of Auckland Museum，we know that _.A.it opens from 10 am to 5 pm every dayB.it has a feast of fresh events except this yearC.the winner will fly a helicopter as a rewardD.the museum focuses on New Zealand s culture答案D 根据第二小篇，由最后一句括号中except ChristmasDay 排除 A，由第一段最后一句 This year

33、 is no exception 排除 B，由 Latest news 中段一第二行 “a helicopter ride与选”项中 “helicopter冲突”，一个是直升机旅行，一个是直升机，需要仔细理解，排除 C。再看段一中 the culture of New Zealand 符合 D 选项，故选 D。题组二记叙文A(2018 天津高考 )When I was 17, I read a magazinearticle about a museumcalled the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay.S

34、hehad requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death.On asunny Saturday, Sally and I drove over to the museum.Sheasked, “ Doyouhave the address ？ ”“ No,but I recognizellit, there was a picturein themagazine. ”“ Oh, stop.There it is！”The museum was free.We entered, excited.A group of

35、 people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us.“ May I help you？” a man asked. “，”NoI said. “ We re fine. ” Tour guides got on my nerves.What if they talked a long time about a painting you weren tthat interested in? Sally had gone upstairs.The people in the hall seemed verynosy( 爱窥探的

36、), keepingtheireyes onme with curiosity.Whatwas theirproblem? I saw some nice sculptures in one room.Suddenly I sensed a manstandingbehindme.“ Where do youthinkyouare ？ ” he asked.Iturnedsharply.“ TheMcNayArt Museum ！” Hesmiled, shakinghis head. “ Sorry,theMcNay is on New BraunfelsStreet. ”“ Whatthi

37、s place ？ ”I asked, stillconfused.“ Well, it s our homeMy. heart” jolted ( 震颤 ).I raced to the staircaseand called out,“ Sally! Come down immediately！”“ There some reallygoodstuff ( 艺术作品 ) up there.” Shesteppeddown,looking confused.Ipushedher toward the front door, waving at thefamily,saying, “ Sorr

38、y, please forgive us, you have a really nice place”. Outside, whenI told Sally what happened,she covered her mouth, laughing.Shecouldn tbelieve how long they let us look around without saying anything.The realMcNay wassplendid,butwe felt nervous thewhole timewe werethere.Van Gogh, Picasso.This time,

39、 we stayed together, in case anything elseunusual happened.Thirty years later, a woman approached me in a public place.“ Excuse me, didyou ever enter a residence, long ago，thinking it was the McNay Museum？”“ Yes.But how do you know? We never told anyone.”“ That was my home.I was a teenager sitting i

40、n the hall.Before you came over, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in.I never felt lucky before.Youthought it was a museum.My feelings about my home changed after that.I vealways wanted to thank you.”【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者17 岁的时候和好友去博物馆，结果误闯民宅， 30 年后，这家的一位成员认出了作者并感谢作者让她意识到自己家的美。1.What do we

41、know about Marian McNay?A.She was a painter.B.She was a community leader.C.She was a museum director.D.She was a journalist.答案A细节理解题。第一段说，McNay 是水彩画家 (watercolorist) ，她要求社区在她死后把她曾经居住的地方改成博物馆，由此判断她是个画家。2.Why did the author refuse the help from the man in the house?A.She disliked people who were nosy.

42、B.She felt nervous when talking to strangers.C.She knew more about art than the man.D.She mistook him for a tour guide.答案D 推理判断题。 根据题干信息， 我们把答案定位在第四段。 作者和朋友来到这个博物馆， 然后有人询问是否需要帮助的时候，作者说导游让她紧张， 从这些信息判断，作者误以为这个人是导游，因此选D。 3.How did the author feel about being stared at by the people in the hall?A.Puzzle

43、d.B.Concerned.C.Frightened.D.Delighted.答案A推理判断题。根据题干的“被大厅里的人盯着看 ”判断，本题答案在第四段。该段说，当作者发现大厅里的人似乎都喜欢窥探，都好奇地盯着自己的时候，心想， “他们这是怎么了 ”(What was their problem) 。从这些信息推断选A，作者对此十分困惑。 4.Why did the author describe the real McNay museum in just a few words?A.The real museum lacked enough artwork to interest her.B

44、.She was too upset to spend much time at the real museum.C.The McNay was disappointing compared with the house.D.The event happening in the house was more significant.答案 D 推理判断题。第六段说作者和朋友来到真正的McNay 博物馆，但是她们一直觉得紧张， 害怕又出现先前那种不同寻常的事。由此推断，她们一直想着先前误闯他人的家的事，因此选 D。 5.What could we learn from the last parag

45、raph?A.People should have good taste to enjoy life.B.People should spend more time with their family.C.People tend to be blind to the beauty around them.D.People tend to educate teenagers at a museum.答案 C 推理判断题。最后一段这个女士告诉作者， 30 年前自己还是一个十几岁的青少年， 在作者误闯她家之前， 自己从来不知道自己的家有多美丽， 由此推断选 C， “人们往往对自己身边的美丽事物视而不

46、见 ”。 B(2018 山东德州高三一模 )The summer before my dad died ，we moved house.Up until that point， ourfamily had our own space to spread out.Money wastight ，so therewas notelevision set ，but we owned aturntableon which my dad srecordsplayedconstantly.Mostly ， it played Bob Dylan.Tracks from The Basement Tapes

47、 andDesire became an important part of our new life.My brother and I，aged 8 and10 ，climbedtrees ，built hideaways and learned thewordsof Clothes LineSaga.We would chant over and over， lost in our own joy.It was January when my dad left us forever because of the cancer.He was 36going on 37then ， thesa

48、meage asDylan.Afterwards， ourlaughterdisappeared ，but we kept on playing the records ，which became our only ritualof remembrance.The two men became so intertwined in my head，I struggled totell them apart.Dylan was my dad s gift to me.What child wouldn t be fascinated by songs full ofpirates and seas

49、ick sailors? How did it feel to have No directionhome?Farewell ， Angelina became my party -piece.I would sing this at church cheeseand wines to the assembled audience.A lot of donations were made.Growing up ，I remained a fan of the music， but I wasn t obsessed with Dylanuntil one day in early 1995 ，

50、my brother bought us both tickets to see him play atBrixton Academy.London felt like a long way to go.But finally seeing Dylan stepout on to the stage brought a sudden rush of excitement.I have seen Dylan a couple of times since.My brother is not around so muchthese days.But he was upforavisit recen

51、tly.We passed ahappyeveninglaughing an drinking ， whilehisson ，aged nine ，performedhis party -pieceSubterraneanHomesick Blues for us.He sang it word-perfect.And so it goeson ：Dylan s music as a gift，passed down the generations.【语篇解读】作者讲述了对 BobDylan 的喜欢和热爱，及 Bob Dylan 对自己家三代人的影响。6.What s the author s purpose of writing the passage?A.To praise his late father.B.To tell about his family history.C.To express his longing for family reunion.D.To show his love for Bob Dylan.答案 D 推理判断题。根据文中 Tracks from The Basement Tapes and Desire became