【雅思真习题】剑6Test1阅读Passage1真题及解析

1、【雅思真题】剑6Test1阅读Passage1真题及解析READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.AUSTRALIA'S SPORTING SUCCESSA They play hard, they play often, and they play to win. Australian sports teams win more than their fair share of titles, demo

2、lishing rivals with seeming ease. How do they do it A big part of the secret is an extensive and expensive network of sporting academies underpinned by science and medicine. At the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), hundreds of youngsters and pros live and train under the eyes of coaches. Another

3、body, the Australian Sports Commission (ASC), finances programmes of excellence in a total of 96 sports for thousands of sportsmen and women. Both provide intensive coaching, training facilities and nutritional advice.B Inside the academies, science takes centre stage. The AIS employs more than 100

4、sports scientists and doctors, and collaborates with scores of others in universities and research centres. AIS scientists work across a number of sports, applying skills learned in one - such as building muscle strength in golfers - to others, such as swimming and squash. They are backed up by tech

5、nicians who design instruments to collect data from athletes. They all focus on one aim: winning. We can't waste our time looking at ethereal scientific questions that don't help the coach work with an athlete and improve performance,' says Peter Fricker, chief of science at AIS.C A lot

6、of their work comes down to measurement - everything from the exact angle of a swimmers dive to the second-by-second power output of a cyclist. This data is used to wring improvements out of athletes. The focus is on individuals, tweaking performances to squeeze an extra hundredth of a second here,

7、an extra millimetre there. No gain is too slight to bother with. Its the tiny, gradual improvements that add up to world-beating results. To demonstrate how the system works, Bruce Mason at AIS shows off the prototype of a 3D analysis tool for studying swimmers. A wire-frame model of a champion swim

8、mer slices through the water, her arms moving in slow motion. Looking side-on, Mason measures the distance between strokes. From above, he analyses how her spine swivels. When fully developed, this system will enable him to build a biomechanical profile for coaches to use to help budding swimmers. M

9、ason's contribution to sport also includes the development of the SWAN (SWimming ANalysis)system now used in Australian national competitions. It collects images from digital cameras running at 50 frames a second and breaks down each part of a swimmer's performance into factors that can be a

10、nalysed individually - stroke length, stroke frequency, average duration of each stroke, velocity, start, lap and finish times, and so on. At the end of each race, SWAN spits out data on each swimmerD Take a look,' says Mason, pulling out a sheet of data. He points out the data on the swimmers i

11、n second and third place, which shows that the one who finished third actually swam faster. So why did he finish 35 hundredths of a second down His turn times were 44 hundredths of a second behind the other guy,' says Mason. If he can improve on his turns, he can do much better This is the kind

12、of accuracy that AIS scientists' research is bringing to a range of sports.With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology in Melbourne, they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athlete's clothes or running shoes to monitor heart rate, sweating, heat prod

13、uction or any other factor that might have an impact on an athlete's ability to run. There's more to it than simply measuring performance. Fricker gives the example of athletes who may be down with coughs and colds 11 or 12 times a year. After years of experimentation, AlS and the University

14、 of Newcastle in New South Wales developed a test that measures how much of the immune-system protein immunoglobulin A is present in athletes' saliva. If IgA levels suddenly fall below a certain level, training is eased or dropped altogether. Soon, IgA levels start rising again, and the danger p

15、asses. Since the tests were introduced, AIS athletes in all sports have been remarkably successful at staying healthy.E Using data is a complex business. Well before a championship, sports scientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by developing a competition model', based on what they

16、expect will be the winning times. You design the model to make that time,' says Mason. A start of this much, each free-swimming period has to be this fast, with a certain stroke frequency and stroke length, with turns done in these times.' All the training is then geared towards making the a

17、thlete hit those targets, both overall and for each segment of the race. Techniques like these have transformed Australia into arguably the world's most successful sporting nation.F Of course, there's nothing to stop other countries copying-and many have tried. Some years ago, the AIS unveil

18、ed coolant-lined jackets for endurance athletes. At the Atlanta Olympic Games in 1996, these sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists' and rowers' times. Now everyone uses them. The same has happened to the altitude tent', developed by AIS to replicate the effect of altitude training

19、at sea level. But Australia's success story is about more than easily copied technological fixes, and up to now no nation has replicated its all-encompassing system.Questions 1-7Reading Passage 1 has six paragraphs, A-F.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter,

20、 A-F, in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.1 a reference to the exchange of expertise between different sports2 an explanation of how visual imaging is employed in investigations3 a reason for narrowing the scope of research activity4 how some AIS ideas have bee

21、n reproduced5 how obstacles to optimum achievement can be investigated6 an overview of the funded support of athletes7 how performance requirements are calculated before an eventQuestions 8-11Classify the following techniques according to whether the writer states theyA are currently exclusively use

22、d by AustraliansB will be used in the future by AustraliansC are currently used by both Australians and their rivalsWrite the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 8-11 on your answer sheet.8 cameras9 sensors10 protein tests11 altitude tentsQuestions 12 and 13Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE

23、THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 12 and 13 on your answer sheet.12 What is produced to help an athlete plan their performance in an event13 By how much did some cyclists' performance improve at the 1996 Olympic GamesREADING PASSAGE 1真题

24、解析：篇章结构体裁 说明文主题 澳大利亚的体育成就结构 A段：澳大利亚体育成绩斐然 B段：科技是第一生产力C段：精确测量和数据分析 D段：精确测量和数据分析的实例E段：数据的实际应用 F段：不可复制的成功必背词汇A段fair adj.合理的pro n.职业运动员demolish v.击败；破坏，毁坏 under the eye of 在的注意下rival n.竞争者，对手 body n.团体，机构seeming adj.表面上的(通常事实并非如此) finance v.给提供经费ease n.不费力，轻松 excellence n.优秀，卓越extensive adj.广泛的，涉及面广的 in

25、tensive adj.强化的underpin v.以为稳固基础 nutritional adj.营养的B段centre stage 中心地位 squash n.壁球collaborate v.合作 instrument n.仪器，器械golfer n.打高尔夫球的人 ethereal adj.飘渺的，引申为不切实际的C段come down to(sth.)可归结为 wire-frame adj.线框的second-by-second 每秒的 slice v.划开；切开output n.输出 slow motion 慢动作wringout of 原义为扭，榨取，此处引申为从中(经过努力)获得

26、side-on 从侧面stroke n.划动，划水tweak v.扭，用力拉 spine n.脊柱world-beating adj.举世瞩目的 swivel v.旋转prototype n.原型 biomechanical adj.生物力(学)的profile n.原义为轮廓、外形，此处意为模型 velocity n.速度，速率lap n.一圈budding adj.发展中的 spit out 原义是吐出，此处引申为显示出、分析出frame n.帧，画面D段turn time 转身时间 immunoglobulin n.免疫球蛋白unobtrusive adj.不显眼的，不醒目的 prese

27、nt adj.存在的sensor n.传感器 saliva n.唾液embed v.使插入；使嵌入 ease v.减轻，减弱sweat v.出汗，发汗 remarkably adv.显著地，引人注目地；非常地experimentation n.实验，试验immune-system 免疫系统的E段complex adj.复杂的 transform v.转换，转变，改变championship n.冠军赛 arguably adv.可论证地(可辩论地)，有理由说地gear v.调整，(使)适合segment n.部分F段unveil v.展示(新产品)；揭开 altitude tent 高原帐篷c

28、oolant-lined 流线型散热 replicate v.复制endurance n.耐力；忍耐力 encompass v.包含或包括某事物slice v.减少，降低难句解析1. A lot of their work comes down to measurementeverything from the exact angle of a swimmer's dive to the second-by-second power output of a cyclist.参考译文：许多工作都涉及具体测量，测量内容包括从游泳运动员潜水的精确角度到自行车运动员每秒功率输出的所有数据。语言

29、点：come down to：归结为；涉及If a complicated situation or problem comes down to something, that is the single most important thingIt all comes down to money in the end.归根到底，一切都是因为钱。2. No gain is too slight to bother with.参考译文：无论多么微小的收获都值得为之努力。语言点：(1)tooto的用法：表示否定的含义，译为“太以致于不能”。本句话虽然短，却因为有no否定词和tooto句型而出现了肯

30、定的意思，因此要格外注意。可以根据“负负得正”的原则直接将原句翻译成肯定的意思，便于理解。(2)gain n.获得 C an advantage or improvement, especially one achieved by planning or effort U&C an increase in the amount or level of something U financial profit, especially when this seems to be the only thing someone is interested in The party made c

31、onsiderable gains at local elections.该党派在地方选举中获得许多利益。(3) bother v. 努力做: to make the effort to do something (not) bother to do somethingHe didn't bother to answer the question. (not) bother about/withHe didn't bother with a reply. (not) bother doing somethingMany young people didn't bothe

32、r voting.don't/didn't/won't etc. bother Do you want me to wait for you No, don't bother.Why bother to go abroad when there are so many nice places here?3. You design the model to make that time A start of this much, each free-swimming period has to be this fast, with a certain stroke

33、 frequency and stroke length, with turns done in these times.参考译文：人们设计一种模式以达到预期的速度，该模式规定了出发时间的长短、每次划水的速率、一定的划频和划距、转身所需的时间等等。注意：代词this和that，these等所指代的东西，需要通过上下文理解掌握。本句话中代词指的是“竞赛模式”下所预期的时间、速度等。语言点：(1)stroke(划船，游泳等)一划butterfly stroke蝶泳sidestroke侧泳breaststroke蛙泳backstroke仰泳(2) frequency 频 率 the number o

34、f times that something happens within a particular period of time or within a particular group of people frequency ofthe frequency of serious road accidents重大道路交通事故的发生频率 the high/low frequency (of something)高/低频率the higher frequency of diabetes in older people老年人中的糖尿病高发频率Side effects from prescribed

35、 drugs are being reported with increasing frequency.处方药的副作用遭到越来越多的报道。试题解析Questions 1-7题目类型：MATCHING题目解析：第1题定位词：exchange of expertise, between different sports/collaborate, across a number of sports文中对应点：B段：and collaborates with scores of others in universities and research centres. AIS scientists wo

36、rk across a number of sports题干中讲到不同体育领域的专业知识交流正好跟原文中跨不同体育专家之间的合作相对应，理解意思即可容易找到正确答案。第2题定位词：visual imaging/3D, image文中对应点：C段:shows off the prototype of a 3D analysis tool for studying swimmers./It collects images from digital cameras通过题干中的视频成像可以很容易找到原文中对应的3D和成像。第3题定位词：a reason for narrowing/can't

37、waste time文中对应点：B段：We can't waste our time looking at ethereal scientific questions that don't help the coach work with an athlete需要细读原文，发现此句话所要表达的意思是不在一些飘渺的、不切实际的科学问题上浪费时间，也就是说要缩小研究的范围。此处不容易找到对应，需要对于句子和题目的准确理解。TIPS：还可以通过题目中的research activity研究活动和原文中的scientific questions科学问题确认所定位的位置。第4题定位词：A

38、IS ideas reproduce/copying文中对应点：F段：Of course，there's nothing to stop other countries copying找到AIS ideas定位到最后一段，题干中的reproduce是复制的意思，之后从文章中发现句子有复制copying，即可以直接定位。第5题定位词：Obstacle, investigated/ impact, monitor文中对应点：D段：to monitor heart rate，sweating，heat production or any other fact or that might ha

39、ve an impact on an athlete's ability to run.题干提到理想成绩的障碍是如何被调查研究的，而读到对应句子之后看到正好是sensors(传感器)对于运动员跑步的impact(影响)进行研究的仪器，而且obstacles和impact对应。第6题定位词：Overview, funded support/finance文中对应点：A段：finances programmes of excellence in a total of 96 sports for thousands of sportsmen and women.finances是解题关键，意

40、思为资助，正好跟题干中funded support表达了相同的义项，直接对应。而且之后一句话提及以上项目所提供的服务和建议，可以确信答案。TIPS：看到overview就从文章开头和结尾去找。第7题定位词：Calculated before an event/using data，well before a championship文中对应点：F段：Using data is a complex business. Well before a championship, 首先通过well before a championship和文章中before an event定位到F段，之后发现后面提

41、及的“竞争模型”作用就是计算时间和速率，因此内容对应上calculate，此时可断定答案的位置。TIPS：这是一道典型的段落搭配相关信息型MATCHING题目。有效的解题方法是：1.浏览所有信息，找出关键字。2.精读各段首末句，泛读其他语句。3.对应相关信息。建议各位考生先做完这种题目，再完成其他题目。Questions 8-11题目类型：分类题，Classify属于配对题。题目解析：此类题首先分析类别之间的不同，之后在文章中找到对应点。题目类别的不同点：不难看出，三个类别中，A和B分为一类，A和C分为一类。进行对比。第8题答案：A文章对应点：C段，SWAN system now used i

42、n Australian national competitions. It collects images from digital cameras.解析：digital cameras是对应词。而前一句已经提到该系统已广泛应用于澳大利亚各项全国赛事之中，而没有提到其他国家，因此可以判断应该只有澳大利亚人在使用。第9题答案：B文章对应点：D段，With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology inMelbourne, they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be em

43、bedded in an athlete's clothes解析：找到相同对应词sensor，读其前后的句子，发现有Melbourne，断定是澳大利亚人的发明。之后要特别留心动词develop运用现在进行时，表示正在开发；而且注意之后的定语从句采用了将来时，所以可以断定此发明还没有完成，应该属于将来的成果。因此选择B。第10题答案：A文章对应点：D段：AIS and the University ofNewcastle in New South Walesdeveloped a test that measures how much of the immune-system prote

44、in immunoglobulin A/Since the tests were introduced，AIS athletes in all sports have been解析：非常容易在前面第一句话中找到跟题目protein tests所对应的词语a testprotein。之后细读前后句，发现后面一句话对于此项科技成果的受益者文章中只提到AIS运动员，即澳大利亚体育学院的运动员，隶属于澳大利亚，所以应该选择A。第11题答案：C文章对应点：F段：The same has happened to the altitude tent'，developed by AIS to repl

45、icate the effect of altitude training at sea level.解析：文章中很容易找到用引号括起来的题目中的名词短语，因此只要细心读原句，就会发现开头的The same has happened同样的事情也发生在根据经验应该顺着文章向上追溯，发现跟altitude tent相同情况的是1996年奥运会上澳大利亚人受益的流线型散热运动服现在全世界都在用。因此altitude tent也被世界各国应用。所以答案应该选择C。且根据此段话大意可以了解文章只提到两种研究成果被别国运用，即高原帐篷和流线型散热服。所以可以间接判断前三项成果是由澳大利人独享的。Quest

46、ions 12-13题目类型：问答题Answer questions属于主观题。题目解析：首先根据题目位置判断所对应的段落应该在文章的后半部分，然后开始找到对应词。需要特别注意题目要求是从文章中找到词语或数字答题，因此不能自己编写答案。第12题对应点：help an athlete plan, produced / prepare the athlete by, developing解析：Help an athlete plan their performance对应上prepare the athlete by之后，要认真研究题目所问的是what is produced，断定所作答案必定要填

47、一个名词。因此要细读原文发现有单词developing恰与produced相对应，中文意思是“开发”，则答案必定是开发之后的名词。TIPS：注意带引号的内容都含有比较重要的信息。正确答案为(a)competition model第13题对应点：1996 Olympic Games, cyclists, improve解析：1996 Olympic Games是一个很好的定位词。定好位后要认真研究题目。分析问句是By how muchimprove，意思为“提高了多少”，可以判断出答案需要写一个数字。因此仔细阅读相关语句找到sliced as much as two per cent off c

48、yclists and rowers times.很快就可以找到数字百分之二。TIPS：注意文章的题目要求是填写一个数字而非一个名词，很多考生因为找到1996而盲目地填上成果的名称“coolant-lined jackets”，实在是遗憾。因此，语法分析是本题解题的关键。正确答案是(by)2 per cent/参考译文澳大利亚的体育成就A 他们努力竞争，他们积极参与，他们参加比赛完全为了取胜。澳大利亚体育劲旅轻松击败对手，取得辉煌战绩。他们何以做到这一点成功的秘密在于一个由体育学院和科研机构组成的网络，该网络以科学与医学为基础，涉及面广且耗资巨大。在澳大利亚体育学院(AIS)里，数百名青年选手与职业运动员在教练的指导下共同生活和训练。另一家机构澳大利亚体育运动委员会(ASC)，则为总计96项体育运动中项目的数千名表现突出的男女运动员提供资助。上述两家机构均提供强化训练、训练设备和营养咨询服务。B 科学在体育科研机构中的地位举足轻重。AIS不仅雇用了上百名在体育方面深有研究的科学家和医生，还与大学及研究中心的几十名