河南专升本英语阅读理解部分

1、阅读理解第一部分(一)The rate of population growth is fastest in underdeveloped countries. In these countries a high birthrate is accompanied by a lowered death rate thanks to improved standards of public health. Ideally it should be possible to counter balance the effect of a reduced death rate by an increas

2、ed use of family planning. In practice, however, population control is a complex matter. Throughout history people have determined the size of their families according to the cultural values of their societies. Population control has long been a subject of discussion among researchers. Some have arg

3、ued that the supply of good land is limited. In order to feed a large population, bad land must be cultivated and the good land overworked. As a result, each person produces less in a given amount of time and this means a lower average income than could be obtained with a smaller population. Other r

4、esearchers have argued that a large population gives more scope for the development of facilities such as sports, roads and railways, which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify them. Similarly, it can be argued that the public costs of society will not be so heavy to ea

5、ch individual if they are shared among the members of a large population. One of the difficulties in implementing birth control lies in the fact that the official attitudes to population growth vary from country to country. In underdeveloped countries where a large population is pressing hard upon t

6、he limits of food, space and natural resources, it will be the first concern of government to place a limit on the birthrate. In a welldeveloped society the problem may be more complex. A declining birthrate may lead to unemployment because it results in a shrinking market. Cities with a declining p

7、opulation may have to face the prospect of a shrinking tax base and a fall in land values. If there are fewer children going to school, teachers may be thrown out of work. When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened. Faced with consi

8、derations such as these, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population, rather than one which is stable or in decline. 人口增长速度最快的是在欠发达国家。在这些高出生率降低死亡率由1由于公众健康水平提高伴随着国家。理想情况下应该可以对付由计划生育增加使用平衡降低死亡率的效果。然而在实践中，人口控制是一个复杂的问题。纵观历史的人都决定了其家庭的大小根据其社会文化价值。 ?人口控制一直是研究

9、人员之间的讨论。有些人认为，良好的土地供应是有限的。为了养活众多的人口，土地必须是坏的耕地和好地超负荷工作。因此，每个人少产生一定量的时间，这意味着更低的平均收入比可以得到一个较小的人口。其他研究人员认为，大量人口提供诸如体育，道路和铁路，这是不太可能建造更多的设施的开发范围，除非有一个很大的需求，为它们辩护。同样，可以说，社会的公共成本不会那么沉重了，如果他们每个人都属于一个人口众多的成员共享。 ?在落实节育的困难之一是，在人口增长的官方态度是因国家不同。在那里有一个很大的人口是迫切的食品后，空间和自然资源，这将是执政的第一关注放在出生率限制的限制难以不发达的国家。在一个成熟发展的社会问题可

10、能更加复杂。阿人口出生率下降可能会导致失业，因为它在市场萎缩的结果。人口下降的城市有可能要面对税收减少的前景，在土地价值下降。如果有孩子上学少，教师可能会失去工作。当有关住房下降，价格下降和人口压力也建筑业减弱。面对这样的考虑，因为这些发达国家的政府可能更愿意看到一个缓慢增加的人口，而不是一个是稳定或下降。 1. One reason for quick population increase in underdeveloped countries is that _.A. those countries encourage people to have large familiesB. pe

11、ople can get government support if they have more kidsC. improved public health standards have reduced death rate greatlyD. those countries have enough resources to support a large population 2. The writer suggests that policy makers should consider cultural values _.A. in carrying out family planni

12、ng B. in producing birth control drugsC. in improving public health standards D. in introducing birth control techniques 3. A large population in an underdeveloped country may lead to _.A. a rise in work efficiency B. a shortage of farm workersC. a decline in grain production D. a reduction in avera

13、ge income 4. Some people believe that population control in developed countries may _.A. increase market demand B. lower unemployment rateC. slow down economic growth D. create more job opportunities 5. According to the writer, developed countries prefer _.A. a standstill population B. a fast increa

14、sing populationC. a slowly growing population D. a steadily decreasing population1. C 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. C在不发达的国家之一，人口迅速增加的原因是_。答：这些国家鼓励人们多生育乙人可以得到政府的支持，如果他们有更多的孩子C.改善公众健康的标准，大大降低死亡率四这些国家有足够的资源支持，人口众多?2。笔者建议，决策者应考虑_文化价值。答：在实行计划生育B.在生产控制生育的药物C.在改善公众健康的标准D.在实施节育技术?3。在一个不发达的一个国家人口众多，可能导致_。答：在工作效率提高二是农场工

15、人短缺三，粮食产量下降四，在平均收入减少?4。有些人认为，发达国家的人口控制可能_。A.增加市场需求B.较低的失业率长放缓的经济增长四创造更多就业机会?5。根据作家，发达国家宁愿_。答：一停顿人口B：一个人口快速增长三，人口增长缓慢四是不断下降的人口（二）There are many shops in Singapore where customers still bargain, although prices are clearly shown on the goods. There is nothing out of the ordinary in haggling; some shop

16、keepers expect you to and will be surprised if you accept their prices immediately. We know that the prices in some stores are a bit higher than those in Change Alley, but we also realize that to keep a store like Robinsons is by no means cheap. Besides, in such places we shop in aircondition comfor

17、t. For all these, we pay a little extra. It is not always true to say that things in Change Alley cost less. I once bought a Czechoslovakian glass butterdish from Robinsons for a little under two dollars. I then went on to Change Alley and just by chance saw an article of the same shape, design and

18、size, in one of the shops. I then asked about its price, and was surprised when the man demanded more than four dollars for it. “How much can you offer?” he shouted at me. I offered him exactly the same price I paid for the article and his reply was shockingly rude. I opened my bag, showed him my re

19、ceipt, stared at him and walked out of his shop. A buyer in England expects to find the price of goods clearly shown, or, to be told exactly what the price is. He knows this is the lowest price that will be accepted. If he thinks the price is beyond what he can afford, he shrugs (耸肩) his shoulders a

20、nd walks away. He does not attempt to bargain with the shopkeeper. Even if he showed annoyance or surprise, he would expect to be to that if the price was unacceptable, he should try elsewhere.在新加坡，有讨价还价的顾客仍然很多商店，虽然价格是清楚的货物所示。没有什么出了在普通讨价还价，有的店主希望你会感到惊讶，如果你接受他们的价格立即。我们知道，在一些商店的价格是有点弄比变化为高，但我们也意识到，要保持

21、像鲁滨逊的商店绝不便宜的。此外，在这些地方，我们在空中商店条件舒适。对于所有这些，我们付出一点额外的费用。 ?它并非总是如此说，在变化的东西弄成本低。我曾经买了一小下两美元从罗宾逊的捷克玻璃黄油菜。我接着弄变化，只是偶然看到了一个同样形状的文章，设计和大小的店铺之一。然后我问它的价格，并要求该名男子时，惊讶它超过4美元。 “你能提供多少？”他大叫着我。我给他完全一样的价格我的文章支付，他的回答是令人吃惊的粗鲁。我打开我的包，我给他看后，他凝视着，走出他的店。 ?在英国买家希望找到的商品价格明显显示，或者被告知到底是什么价格。他知道这是最低的价格，将被接受。如果他认为价格超出了他所能够负担，他耸

22、耸肩（耸肩）他的肩膀，走了。他并不试图与店主讨价还价。即使他表明烦恼或惊奇，他会希望是，如果价格是不可接受的，他应该在其他地方。 1. The underlined word “haggling” (line 2, Para. 1) in the text most probably means _. A. accepting the prices immediately B. fixing the right cost for some goods C. arguing about the price of something D. paying extra for comfortable

23、shopping2. We can learn from the text that Robinsons is a store which sells _. A. expensive goods B. airconditioners C. Czechoslovakian goods D. goods at a bargain price3. The writer asked about the price of a glass butterdish in Change Alley because he wanted to _. A. buy it at a lower price B. cha

24、nge his dish for something else C. find out if the shop assistant is polite D. compare the prices of the dish in two stores4. Which of the following words best describes tile feeling of a British customer when“he shrugs his shoulders and walks away” (line 3, Para. 3)? A. Frightened. B. Worded. C. An

25、noyed. D. Disappointed.5. What would probably happen if a customer does bargain with a shopkeeper in England? A. The customer would be advised to shop in other stores. B. The customer would get the goods at a lower price. C. They would discuss and then reach an agreement. D. They would quarrel about

26、 the price of the goods.1。下划线的字，?haggling，金（第2行，段。1在文本）最可能意味着_。 答：立即接受的价格 二是确定合理的成本为某些商品 三争论的东西价格 四支付额外的舒适的购物 2。我们可以借鉴的文本罗宾逊，星光大道是一个商店的销售_。 答：昂贵的商品乙air?conditioners 正四品在捷克商品便宜的价格 3。笔者询问一个变迁中的玻璃弄butter?dish价格，因为他想_。 ?答：在一个较低的价格购买它 二，他改变别的菜 ?三看看售货员是礼貌 四比较两个存储盘的价格 4。下列哪一个词最能说明英国客户瓦的感觉时，他的肩膀，?he耸耸肩走开，金（

27、线3条，第。三）？ ?答：害怕。二措辞。正生气。四感到失望。 5。可能会发生什么，如果客户不与店主讨价还价，在英国？ ?答：客户会被告知在其他商店购物。 ?二，客户将获得以较低价格的商品。 ?C.他们将讨论并达成协议。 ?D.它们会吵架货物的价格。1. C 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. A(三) Blind people can “see” things by using other parts of their bodies. This fact may help us to understand our feelings about color. If blind people ca

28、n sense color differences, then perhaps we, too, are affected by color unconsciously. Manufacturers(生产商)have discovered by experience that sugar sells. Badly in green wrappings, that blue foods are considered unpleasant, and that cosmetics(化妆品) should never be packaged in brown. These discoveries ha

29、ve grown into a branch of color psychology. Color psychology now finds application in everything from fashion to decoration. Some of our preferences are clearly psychological. Dark blue is the color of the night sky and therefore associated with calm, while yellow is a day color with associations of

30、 energy and incentive(刺激). For a primitive man, activity during the day meant hunting and attacking, while he soon saw red as the color of blood and anger and the heat that came with effort. And green is associated with passive defense and selfprotection. Experiments have shown that colors, partly b

31、ecause of their psychological associations, also have a direct psychological effect. People exposed to bring red show an increase in breath, in heartbeat and in blood pressure; red is exciting. Similar exposure to pure blue has exactly the opposite effect; it is a calming color. Because of its excit

32、ing meaning, red is chosen as the signal for danger, but closer analysis shows that a vivid yellow can produce a more basic state of alarm. So fire engines and ambulances in some advanced communities are now rushing around in bright yellow colors that stop the traffic dead.盲人可以“看”用他们的身体其他部位的东西。这一事实可

33、以帮助我们了解我们的感情色彩。如果盲人能够感知颜色的不同，那么我们可能也无意识地受到了颜色的影响。 ?制造商（生产商）已发现的经验，糖销售。严重，绿色包装，蓝色的食品被认为是令人不愉快，而化妆品（化妆品）绝不应该用棕色来包装。这些发现已经成为颜色心理学的一个分支。 ?现在发现，颜色心理学应用在从时尚到装饰的一切。我们的一些喜好很明显是心理。深蓝色是夜晚天空的颜色，因此和平静有关，而黄色是一个能源和激励（刺激）协会天的颜色。对于原始人来说，白天的活动就是打猎和攻击，而他很快就看到了血液和愤怒以及热量的努力来红色。而绿色与被动防御以及相关自我保护。 ?实验表明，颜色，部分原因是他们的心理协会，也有

34、一个直接的心理效应。人们出鲜红的颜色表明了呼吸增加，心跳和血压;红色是兴奋的。纯蓝色的类似表现具有完全相反的作用，它是使人平静的颜色。由于其令人兴奋的意义，红色是选择作为危险的信号，但仔细分析表明，生动的黄色能产生更基本的警告状态。因此，消防车和救护车在一些先进的社区现在跑来跑去停止在明亮的黄色的交通死亡的颜色。 1. Our preferences for certain colors are _ according to the passage. A. associated with the time of the day B. dependent on our personalities

35、C. are linked with our ancestors D. partly due to psychological factors2. If people are exposed to bright red, which of the following things does NOT happen? A. They breathe faster. B. They feel satisfied.C. Their blood pressure rises. D. Their hearts beat faster.3. Which of the following statements

36、 if NOT true according to the passage? A. Color probably has an effect on us which we are not conscious of. B. Yellow fire engines have caused many bad accidents in some advanced communities.C. People exposed to pure blue start to breathe more slowly.D. The psychology of color is of some practical u

37、se.4. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. Manufacturers often sell sugar in green wrapping.B. Dark blue bring people the feeling of being energetic.C. Primitive people associated heat and anger with red.D. Green and yellow are associated with calm and passive defen

38、se.5. Which of the following could be the most suitable title for the passage? A. The Branch of Color Psychology B. Color and Its MeaningsC. The Practical Use of Color Psychology D. Color and Feelings1。对某些颜色的偏好是_我们根据短文。 答：有关同一天时间 二取决于我们的性格 三是联系我们的祖先 四部分原因是由于心理因素 2。如果人们有机会接触到明亮的红色，下面的事情不会发生？ 答：他们呼吸的速

39、度更快。 B.它们感到满意。 三，他们的血压上升。 四他们的心跳得更快。 3。以下哪项陈述不属实，如果根据这篇文章？ 答：可能有一个颜色对我们的影响，我们也没有意识到。 黄乙消防车已造成一些先进社区的许多不好的意外。 人们正开始接触到纯粹的蓝色呼吸更慢。 四，色彩心理学的一些实际应用。 4。下列哪些说法是根据这篇文章，真？ 答：销售商往往在绿色包装的糖。 二深蓝带给人们的是充满活力的感觉。 三原始人用红色相关的热量和愤怒。 四是绿色和黄色的相关冷静和被动防御。 5。以下哪一项可以是最合适的通道标题？ A.对色彩心理科 二色及其意义 C的色彩心理学的实践运用 四色彩与情感 1. A 2. B 3

40、. B 4. C 5. D（四）In the case of mobile phones, change is everything. Recent research indicates that the mobile phone is changing not only our culture, but our very bodies as well.Firstly, lets talk about culture. The difference between the mobile phone and its parentthe fixedline phone, is that a mob

41、ile number corresponds to a person, while a landline goes to a place. If you call my mobile, you get me. If you call my fixedline phone, you get whoever answers it.This has several implications. The most common one, however, and perhaps the thing that has changed our culture forever, is the “meeting

42、” influence. People no longer need to make firm plans about when and where to meet. Twenty years ago, a Friday night would need to be arranged in advance. You needed enough time to allow everyone to get from their places of work to the first meeting place. Now, however, a night out can be arranged o

43、n the run. It is no longer “see you there at 8”, but “text me around 8 and well see where we all are”. Texting changes people as well. In their paper, “Insights into the Social and Psychological Effects of SMS Text Messaging”, two British researchers distinguished between two types of mobile phone u

44、sers: the “talkers” and the “texters”those who prefer voice to text message and those who prefer text message to voice.They found that the mobile phones individuality and privacy gave texters the ability to express a whole new outer personality. Texters were likely to report that their family would

45、be surprised if they were to read their texts. This suggests that texting allowed texters to present a selfimage that differed from the one familiar to those who knew them well.Another scientist wrote of the changes that mobiles have brought to body language. There are two kinds that people use whil

46、e speaking on the phone. There is the “speakeasy”: the head is held high, in a selfconfident way, chatting away. And there is the “spacemaker”: these people focus on themselves and keep out other people. Who can blame them? Phone meetings get cancelled or reformed and cameraphones intrude on peoples

47、 privacy. So, it is understandable if your mobile makes you nervous. But perhaps you neednt worry so much. After all, it is good to talk.在移动电话一样，变化是一切。最近的研究表明，移动电话正在改变不仅是我们的文化，但我们很机构以及。 首先，让我们来谈谈文化。之间的移动电话和其家长的固定电话线路差异，是一个手机号码对应一个人，而固定去一个地方。如果你打电话我的手机，你能给我。如果你叫我固定电话线，你得到的答案是谁。 这样做有几个问题。最常见的一种，但是，也许是

48、永远改变了我们的文化的东西，是“会议”的影响。人们不再需要作出坚定的计划何时何地举行。 20年前，一个星期五的晚上都需要提前安排。你需要足够的时间让大家从工作地点到了第一次会议举行。但现在，一晚上可以安排上运行。它不再是“见8”你在那里，但“我的文字约8，我们将看看我们都”。 ?短信改变人们也。在他们的论文“到社会和心理的SMS文本消息的影响”的见解，两个英国研究人员区分两种类型的移动电话用户：“健谈的”和“短信族”，那些喜欢谁的声音和文字信息的谁喜欢的文字信息，语音。 他们发现，手机的个性和隐私了短信族表达能力外一个全新的人格。短信族有可能向各位报告，他们的家人会感到惊讶，如果他们要读的文本

49、。这表明，发短信让短信族提出一个自我形象，从一个熟悉的不同对那些谁知道他们。 另一位科学家说的是手机带来了身体语言的改变。有两种，人们使用手机的同时发言。有“非法经营”：头部高举，在自我信心方式，聊天了。而这就是“spacemaker”：这些人集中起来，保持了其他人。 ?谁又能责怪他们呢？电话会议上得到取消或改革和相机手机对人们的隐私侵犯。因此，它使你紧张是可以理解的，如果你的手机。但是，也许你不必太担心。毕竟，这是很好的交谈。 1. When people plan to meet nowadays, they_.A. arrange the meeting place beforehand

50、B. postpone fixing the place till last minuteC. seldom care about when and where to meetD. still love to work out detailed meeting plans2. According to the two British researchers, the social and psychological effects are mostly likely to be seen on _.A.Talkers B. The speakeasy C. The spacemaker D.

51、Texters3. We can infer from the passage that the texts sent by texters are _.A. quite revealing B. well writtenC. unacceptable by others D. shocking to others 4. According to the passage, who is afraid of being heard while talking on the mobile?A. Talkers. B. The speakeasy. C. The spacemaker. D. Tex

52、ters.5. An appropriate title for the passage might be _.A. The SMS EffectB. Cultural Implication of Mobile Phone UseC. Change in the Use of the Mobile PhoneD. Body Language and the Mobile Phone1。当人们在计划，以满足现今，they_。答：预先安排会议地点二推迟到最后一分钟的固定地点三很少关心何时何地，以满足四仍然爱制定详细的会议计划2。据两位英国科学家，社会和心理影响，大部分可能会在_看到。答的Talk

53、ers二，非法经营丙spacemaker四短信族3。我们可以推断，按发送的文本短信族_通过。答：很暴露乙写得很好C.按别人不能接受的令人震惊的四对他人4。根据文章，谁是害怕被听到而在移动说话？答：讲演者。二，非法经营。丙spacemaker。四短信族。5。一种是通过恰当的名称可能是_。答：短信的影响B.文化意蕴使用流动电话长变化的移动电话使用四肢体语言和移动电话1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. B(五) Public speaking fills most people with dread. Humiliation is the greatest fear; selfexposu

54、re and failing to appeal to the audience come a close second. Women hate it most, since girls are pressurized from an early age to be concerned with appearances of all kinds.Most people have plenty of insecurities, and this seems like a situation that will bring them out. If you were under pressure

55、to be perfect, you are terrified of failing in the most public of ways.While extroverts will feel less fear before the ordeal, it does not mean they will necessarily do it better. Some very shy people manage to shine. When I met the British comedian Julian Clary, he was shy and cautious, yet his TV

56、performances are perfect.In fact, personality is not the best predictor of who does it well. Regardless of what you are like in real life, the key seems to be to act yourself.Actual acting, as in performing the scripted lines of a character other than yourself, does not do the job. While politicians may limit d