现在完成时中职完整版讲解课件

1、现在完成时现在完成时 现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语短暂性动词及时间段的关系短暂性动词及时间段的关系have been 及及have gone 比较比较及一般过去时的用法比较及一般过去时的用法比较 现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成have (hashave (has）+ + 过去分词过去分词present(now)futurepast 现在完成时现在完成时( present perfect tense)do my homework Mother: John, clean your teeth please.Joh

2、n: Mum, I them.现在完成时的基本句型：现在完成时的基本句型：肯定句：肯定句：主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词. 疑问句：疑问句：助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词?否定句否定句: 主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词. 例句：例句：1. Has he gone to the library ? 他是去了图书馆吗？Yes ,he has. 是的，是去那里了。No, he hasnt. 不，他没去那里。2. How long has Mrs Smith been in Beijing？Smith夫人来北京多长时间了？

3、1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果;和副词already, yet, never, ever ,before ,just等连用。. a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强 调或加强语气；调或加强语气；yet 用于否定句和疑问句。用于否定句和疑问句。 He has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。 Has he already left here? 他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气） My teachers havent had breakfast yet. 我的老师们还没有吃早饭。 Have yo

4、u written to your parents yet? 你已经给你父母写过信了吗？b). yet在现在完成时中的用法在现在完成时中的用法 否定句否定句:句末句末 “还还(没没)”疑问句疑问句: 句末句末 “己经己经” Eg. I havent had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet?c） never 是否定词，表示是否定词，表示“从来没有从来没有”，而，而ever 表表示示“曾经曾经” We have never been to the Great Wall. 我们从来没有去过长城。 Have you ever been to Cana

5、da? 你们曾经去过加拿大吗？ d） just表示表示“刚刚刚刚”（用于完成时态时，及（用于完成时态时，及already，never 等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词have/has和动词过去分词之间）和动词过去分词之间） He has just come back. 他刚刚回来。 They have just finished the work. 他们刚刚完成那项工作。I have learnt English for more than I have learnt English for more than ten years. ten years.我已经学了我

6、已经学了10多年的英语。多年的英语。(从从10年前开始年前开始,持续到现在还在学持续到现在还在学)She has swum since half an hour ago.我已经游泳了半个小时我已经游泳了半个小时(半个小时前已经开始游泳半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游到现在还在游)现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法2.2.表示表示过去过去已经开始已经开始, , 持续到持续到现在的动作或状现在的动作或状态态. .常及常及since + since + 过去的时间点，过去的时间点，for + for + 一段时一段时间，间，so far so far 等时间状语连用。等时间状语连用。a).

7、for +Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. Hes studied English for 3 years.一段时间一段时间b). since +从句(一般过去时) 单词 词组 (表示过去某一时间的)时间点时间点Eg. I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000.since: (自自以来以来)1)since+时间点时间点He has stayed here since 5 oclock.2)

8、since+ 时间段时间段+ agoHe has stayed here since 5 hours ago.3)since+ 从句从句She has taught English since he came here. for: (长达）长达）for+ 时间段时间段He has kept the book for 2 weeks.现在完成时现在完成时since , for 的用法总结的用法总结: Take notes 注1): since 也可单独使用, 表示“自那时起”; 另外since前也可加上ever,以加强语气.Eg. I have been here (ever) since. I

9、 have been here (ever) since I graduated in 2000.注2): 对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how long, 决不能用when.Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.How long have you lived here?She has stood here since 2 hour ago. How long has she stood here?短暂性动词及延续动词间的转换短暂性短暂性动词及时间段的关系动词及时间段的关系 短暂性动词在短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句肯定句、疑问句中中不能及时不能及时

10、间段连用间段连用，这些动词是：，这些动词是：等。等。为了表述这种意思为了表述这种意思, ,我们常用相应的我们常用相应的来代替短暂性动词。来代替短暂性动词。leave-come/go (to) -arrive (at/in)- get (to)-reach-buy-borrow-finish-join-start/begin-die-close-open-return-marry-become- be away (from) be (in/at) be (in/at) be (in/at)be (in/at)havekeepbe overbe in/be a/anbe onbe deadbe c

11、losedbe openbe backbe married be 但在否定句中，短暂性动词可但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以及时间段连用。以及时间段连用。如：如：I havenI havent bought the bike for a t bought the bike for a year. year. 我买这辆自行车还不到一年。我买这辆自行车还不到一年。She hasnShe hasnt come here for an hour. t come here for an hour. 她来这儿还没有一个小时。她来这儿还没有一个小时。 翻翻 译译 练练 习：习： 1. 1.我买了这块手表五年了。

12、我买了这块手表五年了。 2. 2.这位老人已经死了十年了。这位老人已经死了十年了。 I I have boughthave bought this watch for five years. this watch for five years. I I have hadhave had this watch this watch forfor five five years/years/sincesince 5 years 5 years ago.ago. The old man The old man has diedhas died for ten years. for ten years

13、. The old man The old man has been deadhas been dead for ten for ten years/since 10 years/since 10 years ago.years ago.WW 3.3.他已经回来三天了。他已经回来三天了。 4. 4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。自从六点钟他就来这儿了。 5. 5.我离开家乡已十年了。我离开家乡已十年了。 He He has come backhas come back for 3 days. for 3 days. He He has been backhas been back forfor 3

14、days/ 3 days/sincesince 3 3 days days agoago. . He He has come herehas come here since 6 o since 6 oclock.clock. He He has been herehas been here since 6 o since 6 oclock.clock. I I have lefthave left hometown for 10 years. hometown for 10 years. I I have been away fromhave been away from hometown f

15、or 10 hometown for 10 years. years.WWW考点1：have been 及have gone 的用法比较 have been to 意思是意思是“到过，去过到过，去过”，表示表示曾经到过某处曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。，但现在人不在那儿。have gone to 意思是意思是“去了去了”，表示，表示已已经去了经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。已在那儿了。have been in 意思是意思是“呆在某处一段时呆在某处一段时间了间了” Has she ever been to Nanjing?Has she ever be

16、en to Nanjing?她曾去过南京吗？她曾去过南京吗？ You have never been there, have you?You have never been there, have you?你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？ I have been to Guiling ,I went there I have been to Guiling ,I went there last year. last year.我去过桂林，我去年去的。我去过桂林，我去年去的。 She has gone to Nanjing.She has gone to Nanjing. 她

17、已经去南京了。她已经去南京了。考点考点2：It is +一段时间一段时间 +since从句从句(一般过去时一般过去时) =一段时间一段时间+has passed +since 从句从句(一般过去时一般过去时) Eg. It is five years since I joined the army.=Five years has passed since I joined the army. 考点考点3：及一般过去时的用法比较A.A.现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，去的事情，; ;而一而一般过去时，则只般过去时，则只讲述讲述发生在过去的发生在过去的动作和事

18、情动作和事情与现在没有关系与现在没有关系。 eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已经买了一本英汉字典。他已经买了一本英汉字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾买过一本英汉字典。他曾买过一本英汉字典。第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：“He He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it

19、he still has it” “过去他买了一本英汉字典，过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典现在他还有这本字典” ” 。第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强 调说明。调说明。B B当有一个表示当有一个表示过去某一特定时间过去某一特定时间的的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时般过去时: : eg: I saw the film on television yesterday . 但但since(since(自自以来以来)+)+

20、某一过去时间或叙某一过去时间或叙述过去事情的从句（从句用一般过去述过去事情的从句（从句用一般过去时）时，主句总是及现在完成时连用。时）时，主句总是及现在完成时连用。eg： They have known each other since 1950 . Since he was a child ,he has lived in England.C C常及一般过去时连用的典型的常及一般过去时连用的典型的 表示过去时间的状语表示过去时间的状语: :yesterday(yesterday(昨天昨天), the day before yesterday(), the day before yesterd

21、ay(前天前天), ),just now(just now(刚才刚才) )， 时间时间+ ago, + ago, last +last +时间时间 等等; ; eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago. We finished our task last week .现在完成时的现在完成时的时间状语总结时间状语总结常及常及already, already, never, never, ever, ever, just, just, yet, yet, before, before, up to now, up to now, so far, so far,

22、for the last few weeksfor the last few weeks these days, these days, since since for a long timefor a long time 连用连用动动 词词 填填 空：空： 1._ you _(clean) the room?1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that Yes, we _(do) that alreadyalready. . When _ you _(do) it? When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it We _(do

23、) it an hour agoan hour ago. .2._ he _(see) this film 2._ he _(see) this film yetyet? Yes.? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? When _ he _(see) it? He _ it He _ it last weeklast week. . 3. How many times _you_(be) there? 3. How many times _you_(be) there? HaveHavecleanedcleanedhave donehave donediddiddododid

24、didHasHasseenseendiddidseeseesawsawhavehavebeenbeen4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air. She _(go

25、) there by air.6. 6. So farSo far, many countries _(develop) , many countries _(develop) their software programs. their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking 7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last yearlast year. .8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking 8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking since last yearsince last y

26、ear. .have readhave readhas gonehas gonediddidgogowentwenthave developedhave developedgavegavehas givenhas given选用选用 forfor和和 sincesince填空填空: :1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years 2.His father has been in th

27、e Party _ 10 years ago.ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.years.6. Its fi

28、ve years _ we met last time.6. Its five years _ we met last time.forforsincesinceforforsincesinceforforsincesince用用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空填空Mike and his parents _ the north Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.for half a year.Mum is not at home now. she _ the Mum is n

29、ot at home now. she _ the shop.shop._ you ever _ to kunming ? Never._ you ever _ to kunming ? Never.Where _ you _ these days?Where _ you _ these days?Has Jim arrived yet?Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several days. Yes, he _ here for several days.Where is Peter? I donWhere is Peter? I dont

30、know where he t know where he _._.Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking for you. is looking for you.have been inhas gone tohave beenHave beenhas been has gonehave been改改 错错1. How long have you begun to study English?2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks.3. The

31、 river has become very dirty since last August.4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou on business.5. He has gone out for two years.studiedkeptbeengonebeen The house is dirty. We _it for weeks. A didnt clean B hadnt cleaned C dont clean D havent cleaned2. -_the sports meeting might be

32、 put off. -Yes, it all depends on the weather. A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told3. - Im sorry to keep you waiting. -Oh, not at all. I _here only a few minutes. A have been B had been C was D will be 4. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B have met C met D meet 5. -Will you go to Beijing for vacation ?-I _ to go , but I dont know if I can go . A was planning B have planned C had been planning D have been