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1、初中英语冀教版必背知识点归纳人气: 368导读重点短语leave for 前往(某地)give a talk 作演讲/报告take care of / look after 照顾,照料look up (在词典/字典).查询look for寻找look over (医生等)仔细检查Look out/take care/be careful 小心 ! give advice to 给 提建议 hand in 交上 as soon重点短语leave for 前往(某地)give a talk 作演讲 / 报告 take care of / lookafter 照顾,照料look up (在词典/ 字

2、典) . 查询 look for 寻找 lookover (医生等)仔细检查Look out/take care/be careful 小心 ! giveadvice to 给 提建议hand in 交上 as soon as 一 就 be scared of 害怕 enjoy oneself /have fun/have a goodtime 过得愉快not.until.直到 才 be good at/ dowell in 擅长 /在 做的好 fall off 摔下来 get off 下(车, 船 . ) get on 上 (车, 船 . ) be/become interested in

3、对 感兴趣 make into 把 制成be made of/from由 制成 be used for 被用来做.slow down 减速 be proud of 因 . 而骄傲 / 自豪 protect. from.保护 . 不受 . 的侵害keep/stop/prevent.from doing.阻止 . 以免发生某事becauseof 因为 make friends with 和 . 交朋友 look like 看上去像play ajoke on 和 . 开玩笑 put on 穿上 take off 脱下 put up 支起 / 举起 / 建 造 put off 推迟 / 延期 put

4、out 熄灭 be famous for/as 以 . 闻名 regard as 把 . 当作 send for 派人去请/ 叫 be filled with/ be full of充满 take part in参加 try on 试穿 as long as 只要 turn on打开 turn off/ out 关掉 turn up 放大;调高turn down 关小;调低hear from 收到 . 的邮件 / 信件 hear of 听说 help sb with sth.帮助某人做某事be/get ready for为 . 做好准备be good for 对 .有益 be bad for

5、对 . 有害 grow up 成长 / 长大 up to 达到 ring up 给 . 打电话 as well as 也 / 又 give up 放弃 even if/though 即使 / 纵然 be able to/can 能 / 会 be over 结束 catch up with 跟上 / 赶上 fall behind 落后 / 跟不上 be used for 被用来干.be locatedin/on位于 get on/along well with与 . 相处很好think of 想起 / 考虑find out 查明 / 发现 come up with 发现 / 找到 work ou

6、t 计算出 / 解决 wait for 等待 pay for 为 付款 have success in/succeed in在 (方面) 成功 work hard 努力工作/ 学习 fall ill/sick 生病 cometrue 实现 go over 复习 / 检查 It is said that据说 agree with 同意 be mad at/be angry with生 的气belong to 属于 praisefor 因为(某事)表扬(某人)except for 除 之外prefer to.更喜欢某事物help oneself to 请随便吃点devote oneself tos

7、th/doing sth 致力于 / 献身于同音词father ( 父亲 )farther ( 较远 ,far 的比较级) hear ( 听见)-here ( 这里 ) high ( 高 )- hi ( 喂 )eye ( 眼睛)-I ( 我 ) know ( 知道 )- no ( 不 ) meat ( 肉 )- meet( 遇见 ) one ( 一 ) - won ( 获胜 ,win 的过去式) our ( 我们的)-hour( 小时 ) pear ( 梨 )- pair (一对 ; 一双 ) sea ( 海 ) see ( 看见 )son ( 儿子)- sun ( 太阳 ) their (

8、他们的 )- there ( 那里 ) weak( 弱的 ) week ( 星期 ) weather ( 天气)-whether ( 是否 ) write( 写 )-right ( 对的 ; 右 ) wear ( 穿 ; 戴 )-where ( 在哪里 ) whole ( 整个的 )- hole ( 洞 ) 反义词 above 在 . 上 - below 在 . 下 all 全部- none全无 answer 回答 - ask 询问 borrow 借进 - lend 借出/return 归还 best 最好的 - worst 最坏的 better 更好的 - worse更坏的 both 两者都

9、 - neither 两者都不busy 忙碌的 - free 空闲的buy 买 - sell 卖 cheap 便宜的 - expensive/ dear 昂贵的 clean 干净的 - dirty 肮脏的 clever 聪明的 - foolish 愚蠢的 cold 寒冷的- hot 炎热的 cry 哭 - laugh 笑 cool 凉爽的 - warm 温暖的 careful小心的 -careless 粗心的 danger 危险 - safety 安全 safe 安全的 -dangerous 危险的 dark 黑暗的 - bright 明亮的 dry 干燥的 - wet潮湿的 early 早的

10、 - late 迟的 easy 容易的 - difficult/ hard 困 难的;艰巨的empty 空的 - full 满的 far 远的 - near 近的 begin开始 - finish 结束 first 最初的 - last 最后的 forget 忘记 -remember 记得 soft 软的 - hard 硬的 high 高的 - low 低的 inside 在里面 - outside 在外面 heavy 重的 - light 轻的 noisy吵闹的 - quiet 安静的 old 旧的 - new 新的 old 年老的 - young 年轻的 possible 可能的 -imp

11、ossible 不可能的pass 通过;及格- fail未通过;不及格poor 贫穷的 - rich 富裕的 pull 拉 - push 推 plus加 - minus 减 right 右边(的)- left 左边(的)right 正确的 -wrong 错误的 same 相同的 - different 不同的 short 短的 - long长的 short (个子)矮的- tall (个子)高的sleep 睡觉 - wake 醒来 small 小的 - big, large, great 大的 strong 强壮的 - weak 虚弱的 take 拿走 - bring 带来 thin 瘦的 -

12、 fat 胖的 thin 薄的-thick 厚的 with 有 - without 没有 many 许多 -few 几乎没有more更多 -less 更少 polite 礼貌的 -rude 粗鲁的 receive 收到 -send 送 / 寄同义词 ( 组 )arrive in/at=get to=reach到达 be fine=be well=be OK (身体)好be from=come from 来自 be in=be at home 在家 be away=be out=be not at home 在外 be busy doing sth.=be busy with sth.忙于做某事

13、 give sb a call=give sb a ring 给某人打电话go on doing sth.=goon with sth. 继续干某事hear from=receive /have/ get a letterfrom 收到某人的来信help sb with sth=help sb (to)do sth帮某人干某事 look out=be careful=take care小心 prefer.to=likebetter than 更喜欢 ring sb up=call sb 打电话 send for sb=ask sb to come 派人去请take exercise=do sp

14、ort做运动 teachoneself=learn all by oneself自学 walk to=go to .on foot步行 a lot of=lots of/plenty of 许多 a quarter past two=two fifteen 2:15 at times=sometimes 有时 at last=in the end=finally最后 amoment ago=just now 刚才 at once=right now/away 立刻 / 马上 more than=over 超过 no longer=not.any longer=no more=not any m

15、ore 不再 two and a half years=two years and a half两年半 stayhealthy=keep fit/healthy保持健康How do you like.?=What doyou think of.? 你认为 . 怎么样?one more =another (one) 再一个 almost - nearly 几乎;差不多answer-reply 回答 autumn-fall 秋聪明的天 gift-present 礼物 grow-plant 种 clever - brightexpensive - deardifficult - hardeasy -

16、simple 容易的; 简单的 famous - well-known 著名的 helpful - useful 有益的;有用的ill - sick 生病的 maybe - perhaps -probably 可能;大概 real - true 真正的;真实的whether - if 是否名词复数 1.-s apple 苹果 boy 男孩 key 钥匙 2.s,x,ch,sh-es bus公共汽车class 课;班级box 箱子 watch 手表 match 比赛 brush 刷子3. 辅 +y iescity 城市 country 国家 library 图书馆 family 家庭factor

17、y. 工厂 baby 婴儿 story 故事 century 世纪 dictionary 字典 4.0-es hero 英雄 potato 马铃薯 tomato 西红柿 5.O-s Photo 照片 piano 钢琴 radio 收音机 zoo 动物园 kilo 千克 6.f(e) ves Knife 小 刀 leaf 树叶 life 生命 thief 小偷 7. 单复同形Chinese 中国人Japanese 日本人 sheep 绵羊 deer 鹿 fish 鱼 8. 词根变化man-men男人 woman -women 妇女foot-feet脚 tooth-teeth 牙齿child-ch

18、ildren小孩mouse-mice老鼠 9. 部分变复数girlfriend -girl friends 女朋友 10. 全部变复数man teacher-menteachers 男教师 11. German Germans 德国人 12. 不可数名词表数量acup of tea 一杯茶 a piece of paper 一张纸 three pieces of news 三条消息five pairs of shoes五双鞋 a bottle of water一瓶水two glasses of milk两玻璃杯牛奶形容词 / 副词的比较级和最高级 1.-er/est clean tall co

19、ld low 2.e-r fine nice large late 3. 辅 +y ier/iest busy easy heavy happyhealthy early 4.双写末辅+er/est big fat thin hot wet5 .more/most + 多音节或部分双音节形容词/ 副词 careful 小心的 useful有用的 famous 著名的 quickly 快地 slowly 慢地 interesting 有趣的 beautiful 美丽的 important 重要的 popular 流行的;受欢迎的6 . 不规则变化good / well better; best

20、bad /badly/ ill worse;worst little 几乎没有 less ;least many / much more; mostfar farther; farthest (具体的远)/further ;furthest(抽象的远)基数词 序数词1.-th four 四 fourth 2. -h eight 八 eighth 3.去 e-th nine九 ninth 4.ve fth five 五 fifthtwelve 十二 twelfth 5.y ieth third 7.twenty -one三分之二two thirds 四分之一onefourth/one(a)qua

21、rterthree fourths/threetwenty 二十 twentieth 还有 thirty 三十 forty 四十 fifty 五十sixty 六十 seventy 七十 eighty 八十 ninety 九十 6. 特殊变化one first two 二 second three twenty -first重要分数:二分之一one/a half quarters人称代词物主代词反身代词主格宾格形容词性名词性-Imemyminemyselfyouyouyouryoursyourselfhehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfititits it

22、sitselfweusouroursourselvesyouyouyouryoursyourselvestheythemtheirtheirsthemselves反身代词构成的短语请随便) 4.look1.enjoy oneself ( 过得愉快、玩得高兴)2.help oneself to(.) 3. teach oneself = learn by oneself (after/take care of oneself (照顾自己) 5.hurt oneself (伤害自己 ) 6. leave one by oneself= leave one alone (把某人单独7.devote

23、oneself to (致力于 )修理;安辅 +y ies第三人称单数(简称:现单三)1.-s look play 玩 enjoy 喜欢 2.s,x,ch,sh,o-es fix装 watch 观看 teach wash 洗 wish 希望 do go 3.study 学习 try 尝试4.havehas现在分词1.-ing help 帮助 read 2. 去 e( 不发音 )-ing have live居住write 3. 双写末辅+ing get sit put cut run swim begin4.1 e ying lie die过去式,过去分词(规则变化和不规则变化)A. 规则变化1

24、.-ed pant 种植 play 2.e-d live use用 3. 辅+y ied study worry 担心 4. 双写末辅+ed stop 停止 drop 掉下plan 计划B. 不规则变化(见表)AAA 型 cut cut cut 切,割 put put put 放 set set set 下沉;放置fitfit fit 合适 cost cost cost 值(钱 ) read read read 读 hurt hurthurt 伤害 shut shut shut关闭 ABB 型 buy bought bought 买 thinkthought thought 想;认为bring

25、 brought brought 带来 fight foughtfought 战斗;打/ 吵架 teach taught taught 教 catch caught caught捉住 send sent sent 送; 寄 spend spent spent 花费 build built built 建筑 lend lent lent 借出 tell told told告诉 sell sold sold 卖sleep slept slept睡 sweep swept swept 扫 pay paid paid 支付lay laid laid 放置; 产卵 feel felt felt 感觉;

26、触摸 find found found 发现; 找到 hear heard heard 听见 keep kept kept 保持 leave left left 离开; 留下 lose lost lost 失去 say said said 说 dig dug dug 挖 get got got 得到 have/has had had 有 / 吃 hold held held 握住;举行 make made made 制造;使得meet met met 遇见 sit sat sat 坐 win wonwon 赢 shine shone shone 发光; 照射 feed fed fed 喂养 A

27、B 型 beat beat beaten 打 ABA型 become became become 成为 come came come 来 runran run 跑 ABC型 am/is was been 是 are were been 是 begin began begun 开始 sing sang sung 唱 swim swam swum 游泳 drink drank drunk 喝 ring rang rung 响;打电话grow grew grown 生长;种植know knewknown 知道;认识blow blew blown 吹 drive drove driven 驾驶 dra

28、wdrew drawn 绘制;拉give gave given 给 rise rose risen 升起 taketook taken 拿走 show showed shown 出示 break broke broken 打破 choose chose chosen 选择 speak spoke spoken 讲话 do did done 做 fall fell fallen 跌;落 go went gone 去 see saw seen 看见 wear wore worn 穿;戴 eat ate eaten 吃 fly flew flown 放;飞 lie lay lain 躺 wake w

29、oke woken 醒来 steal stole stolen偷盗 hide hidhidden 隐藏 ride rode ridden 骑;乘 forget forgot forgotten忘记 write wrote written 写 情态动词只有过去式:can could 能; 会 maymight 可以;可能will would 将;会 shall should 应该 have/ has tohad to 不得不 must 必须 名词 1.+er singer 歌唱家 teacher 教师 player 比赛者 worker 工人 farmer 农民 traveller 旅行者 ow

30、ner 所有 者 foreigner 外国人 writer 作者 driver 司机 winner 获胜者 runner 赛跑者 swimmer 游泳者 2.+or visitor 参观者 inventor 发明者 act 表演 actor (男) 演员 3.+ion invention 发明 describe description 描写 operate 动手术 operation手术 4.+ingbuilding 建筑 training 训练 meaning 意思 warning 警告 smoke smoking 吸烟 5.+ist artist 美术家 science 科学 scient

31、ist科学家 6.+ness illness 疾病busy business 商业;生意happyhappiness 幸福;愉快7.+ment development 发展 8.t ce different difference不同 confident confidence 自信 important importance 重要 9. 不规则变化:advise advice 建议 proud pride骄傲 high 高的 height 高度 weigh 称 . 重量 weight 重量 long 长的 length 长度 strong 强壮的 strength 力量 succeed succe

32、ss 成功safe safety 安全 friend 朋友 friendship 友谊 die death 死 encourage 鼓励 courage 勇气 law 法律 lawyer 律师choosechoice 选择 decide decision 决定speak speech 说话 think 思考 thought 思想 produce 生产 product 产品形容词1.+y cloudy 多云的 windy 刮风的 snowy 下雪的 rainy 下雨的 lucky幸运的 healthy 健康的noise noisy 吵闹的 sunny 晴朗的 funny 可笑的 2.+ful c

33、areful useful helpful有帮助的peaceful 和平的艳丽的 successful 成thankful 感激的 wonderful 精彩的 colourful功的 painful 病痛的 3.+ly friendly友好的 lovely 可爱的lively 热闹的; 有生气的4.+ous dangerous 5.+ing/ed interestinginterested exciting excited兴奋的 6. a- alive 活着的asleep 睡着的 awake 清醒的7.ce t difference different 8.关着的 worry worried担

34、忧的东方的 western 西方的特殊变化p ride proud well 愉快的open open person 人+ed wounded 受伤的 close closed pleased 高兴的;满意的9. +ern easternnorthern 北方的 southern 南方的 10 good die dead enjoy enjoyable personal 个人的 副词1.+ly clear 清楚的 quick careful quiet real真的 final 最后的soft softly 2.y ily easy lucky angry happy 3.不去 e+lysaf

35、e wide 广泛的 polite 有礼貌的4. 去 e+ly true 真实的 5. 去 e+yterrible 可怕的 6. 特殊变化one once一次;一倍two twice 两次;两倍 hard 困难的 hard 努力地 high high fast fast英语时态复习一、一般现在时概念: 1. 表示经常性,习惯性的动作;2. 表示现在的事实或状态;3. 表示自然规律或普遍真理。如: I get up at 6:30 every day. She comes from China.His shirt is blue. It snows in winter. The moon goe

36、s around the earth.结构: 1. 动词原形或单三( 口诀: He/She/It+ 单三; 其它人称 +动原 ) ; 2.am /is /are+ 表语如: I like apples. She likes pears. I am a teacher. You are a student.She is a nurse.标志语: often (经常) , always (一直) , usually (通常) , sometimes(有时),every/ day /week /month /year(每天 / 周 / 月 / 年)变否定句,疑问句选用do/does 的口诀 :见到动

37、原借助do, 见到单三用does , 谓语动词皆为原。二、一般过去时概念:表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态结构:过去式标志语:yesterday , the day before yesterday , ago , last.,in 1998变否定句,疑问句的口诀:一切人称用did, 谓语动词要还原(除was/were 外)三、一般将来时概念 : 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态.结构: will+ 动词原形, be going to+ 动词原形标志语:tomorrow , the day after tomorrow , next., in + 时间段, in 2010四、现在进行时概念 : 表

38、示正在发生的动作结构: is/ am/ are + 动词 -ing标志语:now ,置于句首的Look , Listen五、 过去进行时 概念:表示过去正在进行的动作结构: was/ were +动词 -ing标志语: at this time , at 时间点+过去时间( at 9:00 oclock lastnight ), when , while.六、过去将来时概念 : 表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作结构: would+ 动词原形标志语:常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中七、现在完成时结构: has/have + 过去分词概念与标志语:1 )表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,与

39、already, yet,ever, never, just,so far(到目前为止), before 连用。2)表示过去发生的动作持续到现在,还可能要持续下去,常与for+ 时间段 , since+ 过去的时间点连用,提问用How long.八、过去完成时概念:过去某时之前已发生的动作结构: had+ 过去分词标志语: 1 )以by, before+ 过去时间2 )主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中。被动语态的构成1. 一般现在时:is/am/are+ 过去分词2. 一般过去时:was/were+ 过去分词3. 一般将来时:will+be+过去分词4. 含有情态动词的被动语态:can/may/m

40、ust/shall/should+be+过去分词过去分词5. 现在进行时:is/am/are+being+6. 现在完成时:have/has+been+ 过去分词动词不定式,动名词, 动词原形 , 过去分词一 . 动词不定式1. 构成:肯定式:to + 动词原形否定式: not to + 动词原形2、动词不定式的用法A、不定式作主语To learn English well is not easy Its noteasy to learn English well.B、不定式作宾语I hope to be a doctor.Want/ would like (想要)/plan (计划)/dec

41、ide (决定)/learn (学会) / hope (希望)pretend( 假装 ) cant wait (迫不及待)to do sth.C、不定式作宾语补足语My mother always likes me to get up early.want( 想要 )/ wish (希望)/tell( 告诉 )/ask( 请、叫 ) /allow( 允许 )/warn( 警告 )/order ( 命令 ) /would like( 想要 ) /encourage( 鼓 励 )/teach( 教 )/ sb to do sthD、不定式作定语Something to eat / somethin

42、g to drink/ much work to do/lots of housework to doE、作表语His job is to feed animals.F、作状语(表原因或目的等)Im happy to hear that. He went to England to learn English.G、不定式与疑问词连用,构成不定式短语,作宾语I dont know where to go /what to do/how to get there/which to choose .H、常见固定搭配1 .too . to doThe desk is too heavy to carr

43、y .2 . 形 / 副 + enough to doThe room is big enough for 10 people to live in .2.1 ts time to do sth或 Its time ( for sb ) to dosth .Its time (for us) to play football4.It takes sb some time to do sth .It takes me three days to finish the job .二、动名词1 .enjoy( 喜欢 )/finish( 完成 )/practise( 练习 )/mind( 介意 )/

44、beworth( 值得 )/ keep (on) 继续 / be busy ( 忙于 )/feel like ( 想要 )/spend.( in )花费时间/have fun (做某事有趣)/devote oneselfto( 致力于 ) doing sth2 .keep( 保持 ) sb doing sth 使某人保持某种动作3 、介词 +v-ing Thanks for helping me.4、词组搭配中ing 的形式No smoking 禁止吸烟No parking 禁止停车go swimming ( hiking , fishing,skating,shopping为什么不做某事?d

45、o some ( cooking,reading,washing,cleaning,shopping)最好干某事最好不要干某事请你做 . 好吗?请你不要做. 好吗 ?1.Why not do sth/Why dont you do sth 2.had better do sth3 .Had better not do sth4 .Will you please do sth5 .Will you please not do sth6 . 情态动词 +动词原形7 . 使役动词:Let/ make / have /sb do sth使某人做某事感观动词:feel/hear/see/watch/fi

46、nd/notice sb do sth感觉 / 听到 /看见某人做过某事或经常做某事( feel/hear/see/watch/find/noticesb doing sth 感觉 / 听到 / 看见某人正在做某事)以上使役动词和感观动词在主动语态中后接动词原形,但改为被动语态时要接带to 的动词不定式。1)I saw him go into the classroom just now.( 2) He saw a purse lying on the ground on her way home.口诀:一感和一听,三让和四看,主动语态接动原,被动后接不定式。感观动词很特殊,一感一听和四看,后

47、接动原表过程,后接分词表进行。四、过去分词1 .have sth done 让别人做某事,表示动作由别人来完成1) I will have my hair cut.2) I had my bad tooth pulled out.2、常见短语:a broken glassA boy called Jim a man named John五 . 动名词与动词不定式的用法区别1.stop doing sth停止正做的事stop to do sth干别事2 .go on doing sth继续干某事go on to do sth停止一事接着干另一件事3 .forget to do sth忘记要做某事

48、forget doing sth忘记做过某事4.remember to do sth记住要做某事remember doing sth记得做过某事5.like doing sth (一直)喜欢做某事like to do sth (偶然)喜欢做某事6 .hate doing sth (一直)不喜欢做某事hate to do sth (偶然)不喜欢做某事7 need to do sth (需要做某事,人做主语)need doing sth (需要被做某事,物做主语)交际用语一 . 问候 .1.A:Good morning/afternoon/ evening! B: Goodmorning/afte

49、rnoon/ evening! 2.A :Hello/ Hi! B: Hello/ Hi!3.A:How are you? B:Fine, thank you. And you? A:Very well, thanks. 4.A: How do you do?B: How do you do? 5.A: Nice/ Glad to meet you? B: Nice/ Glad to meet you,too.二 . 介绍 My/ Her/ His name is .,This is.,Im .,She/ Heis.三 . 告别 1.A:I think its time for us to l

50、eave now /I must gonow. Goodbye! B:Bye-bye/ Bye! /See you later/tomorrow.2.A:Its nearly ten oclock.Its time for you to go to bed.B:Good night.四 . 打电话 A:Hello,3256778 B:Hello, May I speak to Mrright now. B:IsSmith,please? A:oh,sorry. He isnt here/is out that Mrs Smith? A:Yes,it is.Who is that? B:This

51、 is John.A:Hi!John, Can I take a message for you? B:Yes,please.Ive got abad cold.Im afraid I hear that.Youd better of yourself. Ill tell a lot. Good-bye.cant go to work today.go to see a doctor and him as soon as he comesA:Im sorry to take good care back. B:Thanks五 . 感谢和应答1.A:Thank you for offering

52、us such a good meal!B:Im glad you all enjoy it.2. A:Thank you/ Thanks for helping me. B : Not at all. /Thats all right./ Youre welcome.)六 . 祝愿、祝贺和应答1.A:Congratulations to you on passing themaths exam B:Thanks a lot.2.A:I did quite well in the Englishexam this time.B:Congratulations!3.A:HappyNew Year

53、! /MerryChristmas!B:The same to you.4.A:Happy birthday to you.B:Thank you. 5.A:Im going to the south for a few days.B:Havea nice/ good time./Enjoy yourself! 6.A : I have passed the mathsexam!B : Well done / Congratulations!七 . 表达意愿1.A:Im going to spend my summer holiday inHawaii.B:What a lucky guy!H

54、ave a nice/ goodtime!And dontforget to send me a post card.2.A:Jack,I will go for a picnic with my parents after the exam.B:Have fun!/Enjoy yourself!八道歉和应答A:Im sorry to trouble you. B:Thats allright./ It doesnt matter. /Thats nothing.九 . 遗憾和同情1. A:I didnt pass the maths exam again.B:What apity! 2.A:

55、There was an earthquake in Yunnan on June3,2007and several persons lost their lives.B:Im sorry to hear that.十 . 邀请和应答1.A:Can you go shopping with me tomorrow? B:Idlove /like to,but I have to study for my chemistrytest.2.A:Would you come to the party tonight? B:Yes,Id like to.十一 . 请求允许和应答1.A:May I go on a trip to Beijing?B:Yes,youmay. 2.A:May I borrow/have your pen,please?B:Sure./C

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