大学英语四级词汇串讲

1、大学英语四级词汇串讲第一页，共55页。课课程程结结构构四四级级改改革革动动词词词词组组与与短短语语相相关关练练习习形近词同同义义词词近近义义词词比比较较背背单单词，词，四四级级考考点点四级词汇分段记忆记忆单词的方法与捷径科学背单词第二页，共55页。I. 关于四级的改革n2005年6月18日是旧题型的最后一次考试n2006年1月和6月不是试点院校的学院还参加旧题型的考试。n2007年1月正式的四级改革开始实行n词汇与结构改革后不直接考了,而在阅读、听力、写作、完型等题型中去考 第三页，共55页。n“如果没有语法就很难表达思想，那么，没有词汇就什么也不能表达。”-D. A. Wilkinsn词汇是

2、语言的建筑材料，是学习语言的根本（听、说、读、写、译）。n改革后的新试题，题量大，阅读量大，需要掌握的词汇量也大。无论考不考词汇，单词都必须背无论考不考词汇，单词都必须背! BACK第四页，共55页。II. 如何背单词、四级考点n4200-4500个单词及这些词构成的常用词组个单词及这些词构成的常用词组(1000左右左右)n背单词的过程中要抓住四级出题规律，背诵高频词汇。背单词的过程中要抓住四级出题规律，背诵高频词汇。n非核心非核心: 1800-2000单词单词 (中学已经掌握中学已经掌握)n核心核心: 常出现的是常出现的是2000-2500个单词个单词 BACK第五页，共55页。n四级词汇分

3、段记忆四级词汇分段记忆1.出现频率特别高 （10个字母） a: ab-/ ac-/ ad-/ as-/ at- s: su-/ st- t: trans-/ te-/ tr- c: con-/ com-/ col-/ cor-/co- r: re- i: im-/ in- / il-/ ir-contributionlegalillegal regular-irregularabandon, access, addition, attention, assist,addresstransfer, transform, transportpoliteimpolitepatientimpatien

4、tportimportaccurate-inaccurate第六页，共55页。 b: p: -pro/ -pre e: -ex/ -en d: -de/ -dis2. 从来不考的从来不考的 z: /x: /q: j: justify (从来没被选中过从来没被选中过) y: yield (yield to屈服，让步屈服，让步) k: (考过考过3次次) 3. 其它单词可放在阅读中记忆 BACKprogress (walk)preview (see)exportexit rich-enrichlarge-enlargeable-enabledanger-endangertitle-entitled

5、isagreedistribute第七页，共55页。n科学背单词科学背单词1) 花大量时间记忆单词花大量时间记忆单词-“重复是记忆之母重复是记忆之母”每天至少背每天至少背100个单词，分成三段个单词，分成三段1) 认知单词认知单词 （30秒内能反应出单词意思）秒内能反应出单词意思）2) 学会单词拼写学会单词拼写3) 直达词义，不用再切换到汉语意思直达词义，不用再切换到汉语意思 7天一个时间段天一个时间段第一天背第一天背100个，个，第二天复习前第二天复习前100个，再加上新单词个，再加上新单词100个个200个个第七天就不用再记新的单词了，仔细复习前第七天就不用再记新的单词了，仔细复习前6天的

6、单词天的单词一个月左右一个月左右2500左右重点单词就可以背下来了！左右重点单词就可以背下来了！第八页，共55页。2) 在阅读中巩固和复习单词在阅读中巩固和复习单词e.g. water a bottle of water There are many waters in this area. The garden needs watering. When I saw delicious food, I watered. employ During the examination, you cant employ your dictionary. BACK流口水第九页，共55页。The worl

7、d are like eels.They are too slippery to be kept in our memory.第十页，共55页。o背单词的捷径背单词的捷径1.编故事记单词e.g. (1) scream (2) innocent(3) family(4) quality quantity(5) adopt adapt(6) ash/ bush/ cash/ abash/ crash/ clash/ smash(7) euthanasia惊声尖叫惊声尖叫无辜的，清白的无辜的，清白的Father and mother, I love you.质量质量数量数量采纳，领养采纳，领养适应适

8、应碰撞，撞击碰撞，撞击（飞机）坠毁（飞机）坠毁惭愧惭愧打碎，变成碎片打碎，变成碎片安乐死安乐死第十一页，共55页。2.词根、词缀记忆法词根、词缀记忆法1) able: e.g. enable, unable, ability, capable2) act: to do, to drive e.g. action, actor, actress, active, activity, activate, actual, exact, reactor, interact, transaction3) part: to separate e.g. parcel, partly, partial, pa

9、rtner, party, participate, participant, particle, particular, apart, apartment, department, compartment, depart第十二页，共55页。 dis-: dislike, disgust, distaste, disorder, distribute en-: enable, entitle, enrich, enlarge im-/-in: con-/-com -ir/-il第十三页，共55页。n常见的后缀： -ize: realize, recognize -ify: identify,

10、justify, classify, personify, satisfy -ate(v.): coordinate, illustrate -tion(n.): contribution, implication, imagination, illustration -sion(n.): discussion -ment(n.): treatment, establishment -ity: prosperity, identity (ID card) -ee: employee -er: employer第十四页，共55页。secretarydiseasecommitteetestee/t

11、esterbigamy第十五页，共55页。3.意群记忆意群记忆1）“物质世界物质世界” 物质的最小成分：物质的最小成分：atom, particle 宇宙太空：宇宙太空：universe, solar, lunar 最小单位基因：最小单位基因：protein, gene, cell 水生动物：水生动物：fish, shellfish 爬行动物：爬行动物：reptile, insect 飞行动物：飞行动物：bird 哺乳动物：哺乳动物：mammal 猿类：猿类：monkey第十六页，共55页。2) “人类社会人类社会” 皇家：皇家：royalty, dynasty, dictator 贵族：贵族

12、：nobleman, landlord 政府：政府： government, official, administrate 选举：选举：election, vote 立法：立法：congress, assembly, legislative 动荡：动荡：disorder, uprising, revolution 警察：警察：police, officer 监狱：监狱：jail, prison 武装：武装：army, armed forces 战争：战争：war, weapon, surrender, defeat, victory 和平：和平：peace, treaty 第十七页，共55页。

13、大家可以随时随地根据某一信息联想记忆单词，比如：大家可以随时随地根据某一信息联想记忆单词，比如：一个人骑车走在街上就可以联想到：一个人骑车走在街上就可以联想到：bicycle, truck, car, vehicle, bus, traffic (jam, light), rush hours, highway, freeway, zebra lines, cement, sidewalk, underpass, road, passenger, shops, fence 等等一个人到医院又能联想到：一个人到医院又能联想到： hospital, doctor, nurse, ward, med

14、icine, cure, treatment, injection, illness, clinic等。等。第十八页，共55页。4.记忆单词生活化记忆单词生活化robustrejoicewithdraw/ deposit/ accountingredient/salt/sugar/pepper/vegetable oilbreezeBuckle up, please. 第十九页，共55页。III.同义词、近义词含义比较1.固定词伙关系（固定搭配固定词伙关系（固定搭配/约定成俗）约定成俗） 看书看书 read 看电视看电视 watch 看电影看电影 see 看黑板看黑板 look at第二十页，

15、共55页。n学知识:learn knowledgen学: possess/ acquire/ obtain/ gain/mastern知识: skill/ intellectual depth/perspective/horizon/insight/ wisdom第二十一页，共55页。(1)Owing to _ competition among the airlines, travel expenses have been reduced considerably. A. fierce B eager C strained D critical fierce (动作非常激烈)：猛烈的，激烈的

16、。常用的固定词伙关系是：fierce competition eager:热中,渴望 strained: 紧崩的，拉紧的 critical: 一起搭配的常用be critical of “对进行批评,挑剔” The director was critical _ the way we were doing the work.A at B in C of D with 相当大地相当大地Apierce：v. 猛戳，猛刺入strain：要求超过极限所造成的紧张。tension:紧绷的状态或紧张的局势第二十二页，共55页。2.包含关系(A包含B，选A)(2) His wife is constantl

17、y finding _ with him, which makes him very angry. A errors B shortcomings C fault D flaw errors: mistakes/sth. done wrongly fault: 错(人的性格、行为或习惯上的缺点) shortcomings: (反: merits)指在学校老师作评语时给出的优缺点。 flaw: 指物体或材料上的瑕疵 C第二十三页，共55页。3.指代关系指代关系(3) There was a big hole in the road which _ the traffic. A set back

18、B stood back C held up D kept down Set back: 推迟、推延、阻碍（时间概念上的）推迟、推延、阻碍（时间概念上的） set about + doing着手、开始做某事着手、开始做某事 set out + to do着手、开始做某事着手、开始做某事 set down: take down/ put down/ write down set off: 出发，离开，起程出发，离开，起程=set out set up 安装，创立，建立安装，创立，建立 set aside 把把 留出留出hold up 支撑、推迟、推延、阻碍支撑、推迟、推延、阻碍(具体概念上的具体

19、概念上的)stand back 后退后退keep down 控制控制 Having decided to rent a flat, we _ contacting all the accommodation agencies in the city. A set about B set out C set down D set upThe continuous rain _ the harvesting of wheat crop by two weeks. C第二十四页，共55页。4.词性词性(4)Many difficulties have _ as a result of the cha

20、nge over to a new type of fuel. A risen B arisen C raised D arrived 不及物动词不及物动词 及物动词及物动词 “提高，提升，饲养，抚养提高，提升，饲养，抚养”raise the flagraise children太阳、旗帜、水位等的上太阳、旗帜、水位等的上升（具体概念）升（具体概念）指抽象概念（问题、麻烦、新的局指抽象概念（问题、麻烦、新的局面等）的一种出现面等）的一种出现B四级词汇里还有一个表示四级词汇里还有一个表示“上升上升”的词：的词：soar (通常表示毫不费劲地上升到很通常表示毫不费劲地上升到很高的高度高的高度)第二

21、十五页，共55页。5.词根、词缀的关系(5) There were some _ flowers on the table. A artificial B unnatural C false D unreal artificial: 人造的，人为的(artifact n. 人工制品，加工品) artificial leg artificial leather (genuine leather)unnatural:形容人的行为举止不自然；不正常的 a bird of unnatural sizefalse: 假 （具有欺骗性的） false passport/ false hair/ false

22、 teethunreal: 虚幻的（不是真实世界所拥有的） unreal world A第二十六页，共55页。nMore practice(6) This ticket _ you to a free meal in our new restaurant. A gives B grants C entitles D credits give sb. sth. give sth. to sb.1) grant sb. sth 正式授予正式授予e.g. She granted me one mao. (错错)2) 资助资助3) take sth. for granted 1)entitle sb.

23、 to sth.2)entitle sb. to do sth.使某人有得到某事的权利使某人有得到某事的权利1)学分学分2) gredit card3) gredit A to B把把A归咎归咎于于Be.g. credit the car accident to the drivers carelessnessC第二十七页，共55页。(7) A season ticket _ the holder to make as many journey as he wishes within the stated period of time. A entitle B grants C present

24、s D promises “赠与，给与赠与，给与”present withpromise to do mise sb. sth.A第二十八页，共55页。(8) Everyone should be _ to a decent standard of living and an opportunity to be educated. A attributed B entitled C identified D justified attribute to 归因于归因于identify sth. with sth.将将东西与东西与东西认为是相同的东西认为是相同的证明证明,表明表明B第

25、二十九页，共55页。(9) She cooled the meat for a long time so as to make it _ enough to eat. A mild B slight C light D tender 温柔的温柔的(gentle)吃的东西不辣的吃的东西不辣的轻微的轻微的,少许的少许的e.g. A slightest change of the schedule may affect everyone.light 反反:heavy (rain)清淡的清淡的,容易消化的容易消化的(肉肉)嫩的嫩的Wild 粗野的，野蛮的粗野的，野蛮的Wild animal, wild

26、 horse, wild flowershotspicy第三十页，共55页。(10) When people become unemployed, it is _ which is often worse than lack of wages. A laziness B poverty C idleness D inability lazy bones懒骨头懒骨头贫穷贫穷,穷困穷困 poor无能力无能力idle: 闲置的闲置的,闲逛闲逛(的的),游手好闲游手好闲e.g. idle capital idle away some time虚度光阴虚度光阴 kill time C第三十一页，共55页

27、。(11) Please be careful when you are drinking coffee in case you _ the new carpet. A crash B pollute C spot D stain BACKcrash 表示飞机的失事表示飞机的失事wreck 轮船的失事轮船的失事accident 汽车的车祸汽车的车祸The strong storm did a lot of damage to the coastal villages: several fishing boats were _ and many houses collapsed. A wreck

28、ed B spoiled C torn D injured injure: 在事故中受伤在事故中受伤wound: (刀、枪等）伤刀、枪等）伤hurt: (感情、情感的）伤感情、情感的）伤n. 污点，污迹污点，污迹(点状点状)v. 使使有污点有污点spotted dogspitspotchopchip弄脏弄脏,染色染色(片片状污迹状污迹)D第三十二页，共55页。IV. 形近词(1) Niagara Falls is a great tourist _, drawing millions of visitors every year. A attention B attraction C appo

29、intment D arrangement Pay attention totractor:拖拉机拖拉机attraction:吸引力吸引力attract ones attention正式约会Keep appointmentBreak appointment男女之间的约会：date第三十三页，共55页。(2) The rain was heavy and _ the land was flooded. A consequently B continuously C constantly D consistently 相当于相当于therefore, 比较正式，一般比较正式，一般在句首在句首连续地

30、（没有间断性）连续地（没有间断性）continually 连续地（有间断连续地（有间断性，时断时续的）性，时断时续的）“始终如一地，恒定地始终如一地，恒定地;总是总是”固定词伙：固定词伙：恒温恒温constant temperature“一贯地一贯地” 固定词伙：固定词伙：consistent policylight rainrain cats and dogsA第三十四页，共55页。(3) I hate people who _ the end of a film that you havent seen before. A revise B rewrite C reveal D rever

31、se Re-: again rewrite = write again review reviseRe-: back return reject reverse (转)：颠倒揭示，揭露A第三十五页，共55页。(4) Dont _ this news to the public until we give you the go-ahead. A release B relieve C relate D retain release sth. to sb.“向某人发布、发行向某人发布、发行”固定词伙：固定词伙：release energy减轻痛苦、忧虑等减轻痛苦、忧虑等relieve your p

32、ain /worryn. relief固定搭配：固定搭配：to ones relief使某人宽慰的是使某人宽慰的是relate sth. to sth.在思在思想或意义上与想或意义上与有联有联系系be related to保持，保保持，保留留A第三十六页，共55页。(5) The twentieth century has witnessed an enormous worldwide political, economic and cultural _. A tradition B transportation C transmission D transformation 传送,播送tra

33、nsmit v. 第三十七页，共55页。(6) There were no tickets _ for Fridays performance. A preferable B considerable C possible D available 可得到的可得到的,可应用的可应用的,可获得的可获得的The dictionary is available. The manager is available.There is no room (available) in our hotel. Consider v. Considerable:值得考虑的值得考虑的,可观的可观的,量大的量大的Cons

34、iderate :考虑周到的考虑周到的-prefer (vt.) 喜欢喜欢-prefer to do -prefer to do rather than (to )do 宁愿宁愿而不愿而不愿-prefer sth. to sth./ prefer doing to doing (prefer coffee to tea)DPreferable: 更合适的更合适的,更喜欢的更喜欢的 具有比较意义的形容词具有比较意义的形容词(不能与不能与more, than, -er连用连用):superior to优于优于-inferior tosecond to 仅次于仅次于(Im second to non

35、e.)Sensitive to 对对感到敏感感到敏感第三十八页，共55页。(7) It is said that the math teacher seems _ towards bright students. A partial B beneficial C preferable D liable 偏爱的偏爱的partial to/towards impartial to/towards 不偏不倚的不偏不倚的benefit fromliable to sth.遭遇到遭遇到某事某事A第三十九页，共55页。(8) Some people would like to do shopping on

36、 Sundays since they expect to pick up wonderful _ in the market. A batteries B bargains C baskets D barrels 装液体的大木桶装液体的大木桶便宜货，讨价还价便宜货，讨价还价打折打折 discount 20% discountv. bargain with sb.与某人讨价还价与某人讨价还价 bargain about sth. 就就讨价还价讨价还价B第四十页，共55页。(9) Remember that customers dont _ about prices in that city.

37、A debate B consult C dispute D bargain 辩论，辩论会辩论，辩论会咨询咨询consultant 顾问顾问反驳反驳beyond dispute 无可争辩无可争辩D第四十一页，共55页。(10) The neighborhood boys like to play basketball on the _ lot. A valid B vain C vacant D vague 具有法律效力具有法律效力的的没人占用而空没人占用而空,暂时没有充满而空暂时没有充满而空反反:occupiedempty 空空如也空空如也,什么也没有什么也没有in vain徒劳徒劳,白费力

38、气白费力气含糊不清的含糊不清的第四十二页，共55页。(11) Although they plant trees in this are every year, the tops of some hills are still _ . A blank B hollow C vacant D bare 因为没写字而因为没写字而空空中空的、空中空的、空心的心的反：反：solid光秃秃的（一般光秃秃的（一般形容土地）形容土地）bald 光头光头D第四十三页，共55页。V. 动词词组及短语nturn(1)Turn down 将音量关小，拒绝(2)Turn up 把音量开大；出现(3)Turn out

39、结果是、证明；生产(4)Turn over 移交，转交（没有方向性）(5)Turn to 求助于，参考(6)Turn in 交给，上交This company has turned out 100 cars.take over 接管接管hand over交给，递给交给，递给Refer to第四十四页，共55页。nmake(1)Make out(2)Make for 朝走去(3)Make off匆匆地离开某地,逃走(4)Make up (5)Make it=succeed in doing sth. (听力中常出现)(6)Make up for 弥补,补偿Leave for Shanghai.M

40、ake for my office.组成组成,构成构成+数字数字/百分比百分比be made up of 组成组成,构成构成(被动被动)补考补考缓考缓考第四十五页，共55页。ntake(1)Take after在外貌在外貌,性格等方面与父母相象性格等方面与父母相象(2)Take apart(将大型机器将大型机器)分解，拆开分解，拆开(3)Take back 收回收回=withdraw(4)Take down 记下记下,写下写下(5)Take effect 生效生效(6)Take effective steps/measures采取有效措施采取有效措施(7)Take in 理解理解领悟领悟, 吸收吸收(absorb), 欺骗欺骗(cheat)(8)Take off 脱下脱下,(飞机飞机)起飞起飞(四级听力重点词组四级听力重点词组)(9)Take on 承担承担责任责任等等等等; 雇佣雇佣(employ);(10)Take out 抽出抽出,取出取出(11)Take part in =participate in(12)Take the place of = replace (replace A with B)第四十六页，共55页。(13)Take turns + to do sth.轮流做某事(14)Take up 占据时间; 开始从事第四十七页，共55页。nhand(1)