名词变复数变化规则

1、智博教育名词变复数变化规则1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds,pig-pigs,pear-pears,ruler-rulers,bag-bags,tree-trees2以s.x.sh.ch结尾，加一es，如:bus-buses,box-boxes,fox-foxesbrush-brushes,watch-watches,peach-peache,dress-dresses,dish-dishes.3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es,如:fam订y-fam订ies,strawberry-strawberriesbo

2、dy-bodies,cherry-cherries,特别强调boy复数boys,toy复数toys（a,e,I,o,u原音字母加y结尾的单词直接加s.）4以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es,如：knife-knives,wolf-wolves,wife-wives5不规则名词复数：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-micechild-children,this-these,that-those,I-we,he,she,it-theyfoot-feet,.tooth-teeth,

3、goose-geese.fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese6. 不可数名词不加s或es液体类和肉类；tea,offee,milk,soup,coke,juice,beer,water,rain,snow,beef,chicken,fish,mutton.(fish,people,sheep,Chinese,不变化).二、一般现在时【No.1】一般现在时的功能1表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：Theskyisblue天空是蓝色的。2. 表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：Igetupatsixeveryday.我每天六点起

4、床。3表示客观现实。如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成1. be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：Iamaboy.我是一个男孩。2. 行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：MarylikesChinese玛丽喜欢汉语。一般现在时的变化1. be动词的变化。否定句：主语+be+not+其它。如：Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be+主语+其

5、它。如：-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,I'mnot.特殊疑问句：疑问词+般疑问句。如：Whereismybike?2. 行为动词的变化。否定句：主语+don't(doesn't)+动词原形(+其它)。如：Idon'tlikebread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。如：Hedoesn'toftenplay.一般疑问句：Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。如：- Doyouoftenplayfootball?- Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does

6、构成一般疑问句。如：- Doesshegotoworkbybike?- Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn't.特殊疑问句：疑问词+般疑问句。如：Howdoesyourfathergotowork?动词+s的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,m订k-m订ks2以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾，加一es,如:guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es,如:study-studies一般现在时用法专练:一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink_gostay_

7、make_lookhavepass_carrycome_watch_plantfly_study_brushdo_teach_二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.Heoften(have)dinnerathome.2.DanielandTommy_(be)inClassOne.3. We(notwatch)TVonMonday.4. Nick(notgo)tothezooonSunday.5. they(like)theWorldCup?6. Whattheyoften(do)onSaturdays?7. yourparents(read)newspaperseveryday?8. Thegi

8、rl(teach)usEnglishonSundays.9. SheandI(take)awalktogethereveryevening.10. There(be)somewaterinthebottle.11. Mike(like)cooking.12. They(have)thesamehobby.13. Myaunt(look)afterherbabycarefully.14. Youalways(do)yourhomeworkwell.15. I(be)ill.I'mstayinginbed.16. She(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.17.

9、LiuTao(do)notlikePE.18. Thechildoften(watch)TVintheevening.19. SuHaiandSuYang(have)eightlessonsthisterm.20. Whatday(be)ittoday?It'sSaturday.三、按照要求改写句子1. DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.(改为否定句)2. Idomyhomeworkeveryday(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)3. Shelikesmilk(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)4. Amylikesplayingcomputergames(改为一般疑问句

10、，作否定回答)5. Wegotoschooleverymorning.(改为否定句)6. HespeaksEnglishverywell（改为否定句）7. Iliketakingphotosinthepark（对划线部分提问）8. JohncomesfromCanada.（对划线部分提问）9. Sheisalwaysagoodstudent.改为一般疑问句，作否定回答）10. SimonandDaniellikegoingskating.（改为否定句）五、改错（划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上）1.English?Isyourbrotherspeak2.Doeshelikesgoingfis

11、hing?3.Helikesplaygamesafterclass.4.Mr.WuteachsusEnglish.5. Shedon'tdoherhomeworkonSundays.三、现在进行时1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.3现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。4现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。5现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：疑问词不达意+be+主语+动词ing?但疑问词当主语时其结构为：疑问词不达意+be+动词ing?动词加ing的变化规则1一般情况下，直接

12、加ing,如：cook-cooking2以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing,如：make-making,taste-tasting3如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing，如：run-running,stop-stopping现在进行时专项练习：一、写出下列动词的现在分词：playrunswimmakegolikewriteskireadhavesingdanceputseebuylovelivetakecomegetstopsitbeginshop二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.Theboy(draw)apicturenow.2.Listen.Somegirls

13、_(sing)intheclassroom.3.Mymother(cook)somenicefoodnow.4.Whatyou_(do)now?5.Look.They(have)anEnglishlesson.6. They(not,water)theflowersnow.7. Look!thegirls(dance)intheclassroom.8. Whatisourgranddaughterdoing?She(listen)tomusic.9. It's5o'clocknow.We(have)suppernow10. Helen(wash)clothes?Yes,shei

14、s.三、句型转换：1. Theyaredoinghousework.(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)2Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.(改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)3I'mplayingthefootballintheplayground.（对划线部分进行提问）4Tomisreadingbooksinhisstudy.（对划线部分进行提问）四、将来时理论及练习一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year)，soon,thedayafter

15、tomorrow(后天)等。二、基本结构：begoingto+do；w订1+do.三、否定句：在be动词(am,is,are)l后加not或情态动词will后加not成won't。例如:I'mgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.fI'mnotgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.四、一般疑问句：be或will提到句首，some改为any,and改为or,第一二人称互换。例如：WearegoingtogoonanoutingthisweekendfAreyougoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend

16、?五、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。1. 问人。Who例如:I'mgoingtoNewYorksoon.fWho'sgoingtoNewYorksoon2. 问干什么。Whatdo.例如：Myfatherisgoingtowatcharacewithmethisafternoon.fWhatisyourfathergoingtodowithyouthisafternoon.3. 问什么时候。When.例如:She'sgoingtogotobedatnine.fWhenisshegoingtobed?六、同义句：begoingto=willI

17、amgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow（明天）.二Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.练习：填空。1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。Ihaveapicnicwithmyfriends.Ihaveapicnicwithmyfriends.2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打篮球。WhatnextMonday?Iplaybasketball.WhatyoudonextMonday?Iplaybasketball.3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。yourmothergoshoppingthis?Yes,she.Shebuysomefruit.4. 你们打

18、算什么时候见面。Whattimeyoumeet?改句子。5. Nancyisgoingtogocamping（改否定）Nancygoingtogocamping.6. I'llgoandjointhem（改否定）Igojointhem.7. I'mgoingtogetupat6:30tomorrow（改一般疑问句）togetupat6:30tomorrow?8. Wewillmeetatthebusstopat10:30.（改一般疑问句）meetatthebusstopat10:30.9.Sheisgoingtolistentomusicafterschool.(对划线部分提问

19、)sheafterschool?10.Myfatherandmotheraregoingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrow.(同上)goingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrow.用所给词的适当形式填空。11. Todayisasunnyday.We(have)apicnicthisafternoon.12. Mybrother(go)toShanghainextweek.13. Tomoften(go)toschoolonfoot.Buttodayisrain.He(go)toschoolbybike.14. Whatdoyouusuallydo

20、atweekends?Iusually(watch)TVand(catch)insects?15. It'sFridaytoday.Whatshe(do)thisweekend?She(watch)TVand(catch)insects.16. What(d0)youdolastSunday?I(pick)applesonafarm.What(do)nextSunday?I(milk)cows.17. Mary(visit)hergrandparentstomorrow.18. LiuTao(fly)kitesintheplaygroundyesterday.19. David(giv

21、e)apuppetshownextMonday.20. I(plan)formystudynow五、一般过去时1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。2Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：am和is在一般过去时中变为was。(wasnot=wasn't)are在一般过去时中变为were。(werenot=weren't)带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is,am,are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，般疑问句把was或were调到句首。3句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子

22、否定句:didn't+动词原形，如:Jimdidn'tgohomeyesterday.一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如:DidJimgohomeyesterday?特殊疑问句：（1）疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如：WhatdidJimdoyesterday?疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Whowenttohomeyesterday?动词过去式变化规则：1一般在动词末尾加-ed,如：pull-pulled,cook-cooked2结尾是e加d,如：taste-tasted3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母

23、，再加-ed,如：stop-stopped4以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i,再加-ed,如：study-studied5不规则动词过去式：am,is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got,go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,fly-flew,ride-rode,speak-spoke,sweep-swept,

24、swim-swam,sit-sat过去时练习写出下列动词的过去式isamfly_plant_are_drinkplay_go_make_does_dance_worry_asktasteeatdraw_put下载文档可编辑throwkickpassdoBe动词的过去时练习（1）NameNo.Date用be动词的适当形式填空.5.6.yesterday.7.Sunday.8.evening.Iatschooljustnow.Heatthecamplastweek.Westudentstwoyearsago.Theyonthefarmamomentago.YangLingeleven

25、yearsoldlastyear.ThereanappleontheplateTheresomemilkinthefridgeonThemobilephoneonthesofayesterday句型转换1.Itwasexciting.一般疑问句：肯、否定回答：2.Allthestudentswereveryexcited.一般疑问句：肯、否定回答：3. Theywereinhispocket.否定句一般疑问句：肯、否定回答：Be动词的过去时练习（2）NameNo.Date一、用be动词的适当形式填空1. IanEnglishteachernow.2. Shehappyyesterday.3.

26、Theygladtoseeeachotherlastmonth.4. HelenandNancygoodfriends.5. Thelittledogtwoyearsoldthisyear.6. Look,therelotsofgrapeshere.7. ThereasignonthechaironMonday.8. TodaythesecondofJune.YesterdaythefirstofJune.ItChildren'sDay.Allthestudentsveryexcited.二、句型转换1. Therewasacarinfrontofthehousejustnow.否定句

27、一般疑问句：肯、否定回答：肯、否定回答：三、中译英1我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。2他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了。3一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。行为动词的过去时练习(1)NameNo.Date一、用行为动词的适当形式填空1. He(live)inWuxitwoyearsago.2. Thecat(eat)abirdlastnight.3. We(have)apartylastHalloween.4. Nancy(pick)uporangesonthefarmlastweek.5. I(make)amodelshipwithMikeyesterday.6. They(play)chessinthe

28、classroomlastPElesson.7. Mymother(cook)anicefoodlastSpringFestival.8. Thegirls(sing)and(dance)attheparty.二、句型转换1. SuHaitooksomephotosattheSportsday.否定句：一般疑问句：肯、否定回答：2. Nancywenttoschoolearly.否定句一般疑问句：肯、否定回答：3. WesangsomeEnglishsongs.否定句一般疑问句：肯、否定回答：行为动词的过去时练习(2)NameNo.Date一、用be动词的适当形式填空1. I(watch)ac

29、artoononSaturday.2. Herfather(read)anewspaperlastnight.3. Wetozooyesterday,wetothepark.(go)4. you(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?5. he(fly)akiteonSunday?Yes,he.6. GaoShan(pull)upcarrotslastNationalDayholiday.7. I(sweep)theflooryesterday,butmymother8. Whatshe(find)inthegardenlastmorning?She(fi

30、nd)abeautifulbutterfly.二、句型转换1. Theyplayedfootballintheplayground.否定句：一般疑问句：肯、否定回答：三、中译英1. 格林先生去年住在中国2. 昨天我们参观了农场。3. 他刚才在找他的手机。过去时综合练习(1)NameNo.Date一、用动词的适当形式填空1. It(be)Ben'sbirthdaylastFriday.2. Weall(have)agoodtimelastnight.3. He(jump)highonlastSportsDay.4. Helen(milk)acowonFriday.5. Shelikesn

31、ewspapers,butsheabookyesterday.(read)6. Hefootballnow,buttheybasketballjustnow.(play)7. Jim'smother(plant)treesjustnow.8. they(sweep)theflooronSunday?No,they9. I(watch)acartoononMonday.10. We(go)toschoolonSunday.二、中译英1. 我们上周五看了一部电影。2. 他上个中秋节走亲访友了吗？是的。3. 你们上个儿童节做了什么？我们参观了动物园。4. 你上周在哪儿?在野营基地。过去时综合

32、练习(2)NameNo.Date一、用动词的适当形式填空1. It(be)the2ndofNovemberyesterday.MrWhite(go)tohisofficebycar.2. GaoShan(put)thebookonhisheadamomentago.3. Don'tthehouse.Mumityesterday.(clean)4. Whatyoujustnow?Isomehousework.(do)5. They(make)akiteaweekago.6. Iwanttoapples.Butmydadallofthemlastmonth.(pick)7. hethefl

33、owersthismorning?Yes,he(water)8. She(be)aprettygirl.Look,she(do)Chinesedances.9. Thestudentsoften(draw)somepicturesintheartroom.10. WhatMikedoonthefarm?Hecows.(milk)二、中译英1. 他的朋友在照看他的弟弟。2. 去年端午节我们没去看了龙舟比赛。3. 他在音乐课上拉小提琴了吗？不，没有。六、形容词和副词的比较级复习及练习一、形容词的比较级1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级

34、前面可以用more,alittle来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格（口语中可用宾格）。2形容词加er的规则：一般在词尾加er；以字母e结尾，加r；以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er；以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i,再加er。3不规则形容词比较级：good-better,beautiful-morebeautiful二、副词的比较级1形容词与副词的区别（有be用形，有形用be；有动用副，有副用动）在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同（不规则变化：well-bett

35、er,far-farther）三、练习一）、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级oldyoungtalllongshortmallfatightnicestrongbigthingoodheavylbeautifullowstlatewellhighearlyslowfafar二) 、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：1. Mybrotheristwoyears(old)thanme.2. Tomisas(fat)asJim.3. Isyoursister(young)thanyou?Yes,sheis.4. Whois(thin),youorHelen?Helenis.5. Whosepencil-box

36、is(big),yoursorhers?Hersis.6. Mary'shairisas(long)asLucy's.7. Ben(jump)(high)thansomeoftheboysinhisclass.8. Nancysing(well)thanHelen?Yes,she9. Fangfangisnotas(tall)astheothergirls.10. Myeyesare(big)than(she).11. Whichis(heavy),theelephantorthepig?12. Whogetsup(early),TimorTom?13. thegirlsget

37、up(early)thantheboys?No,they.14. Jimruns(slow).ButBenruns(slow).15. Thechilddoesn't(write)as(fast)asthestudents.三) 、翻译句子：1、谁比Jim年纪大？是你。isthanJim？are2、谁比David更强壮？是GaoShanthanDavid?GaoShan.3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。pencilis,or？is,Ithink4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？我的弟弟的。apples,youroryour?My5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。as

38、asyouruncle?Yes,Iam.6、他和他的朋友Jim样年轻。HeasasJim.7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？不，她比他瘦。asastwin?No,thanhim.8YangLing每天睡得比SuYang晚。YangLingtothanSuYangeveryday9. 我跳得和Mike一样远。IasasMike10. Tom比你跑得快吗？不是的，他和我跑得一样快。Tomthanyou?No,he.Heasas.11. 多做运动，你会更强壮。moreexercise,you'llsoon.12. 我的科学很好，但是语文不好。IatScience.ButIdon'twe

39、llinChinese.13. 你放风筝比王兵放得高吗？不，我比他放得低。youthekitethanWangbing?No,Iitthan_.14. 我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。Ilike.Allmythanme.15. 我的姐姐起得比我早。Myupthanme.16. 女孩比男孩唱得好吗？是的。thegirlstheboys?Yes,they17. 她不擅长体育。但我跳得没有她高。Shedoesn'tinPE.ButIdon'tthan.18. 你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗？不，他们踢得和我一样好。_youfootballthanyourclassmates?No

40、,theyasasme.19我母亲比我父亲年纪小。Mythanmy.20. 她的毛衣和我的一样重。sweaterasas.21. 我的连衣裙太短了。我想买一条大点的。Mydresstoo.Iwanttoaone.22. I'mtallerthanMike.（该成用原级的比较）I'masasMike.七、Therebe句型与have,has的区别1、Therebe句型表示：在某地有某物(或人)2、在therebe句型中，主语是单数，be动词用is;主语是复数,be动词用are;如有几件物品，be动词根据最*近be动词的那个名词决定。3、therebe句型的否定句在be动词后加no

41、t,般疑问句把be动词调到句首。4、therebe句型与have(has)的区别：therebe表示在某地有某物(或人)；have(has)表示某人拥有某物。5、some和any在therebe句型中的运用：some用于肯定句，any用于否定句或疑问句。6、and和or在therebe句型中的运用：and用于肯定句，or用于否定句或疑问句。7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：Howmany+名词复数+arethere+介词短语？Howmuch+不可数名词+isthere+介词短语？8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：What's+介词短语？Fillintheblankwit

42、h“have,has”or“thereis,thereare”1. Iagoodfatherandagoodmother.2. atelescopeonthedesk.3. Heatape-recorder.4._abasketballintheplayground.5.She_somedresses.6.They_anicegarden.7.Whatdoyou_?8._areading-roominthebuilding?9.WhatdoesMike?10._anybooksinthebookcase?11.Myfather_astory-book.12.astory-bookontheta

43、ble.13.anyflowersinthevase?14.Howmanystudentsintheclassroom?15.Myparents_somenicepictures.16._somemapsonthewall.17._amapoftheworldonthewall.18.Davidatelescope.19.David'sfriendssometents.20._manychildrenonthehill.用恰当的be动词填空。1、Therealotofsweetsinthebox2、Theresomemilkintheglass3、Theresomepeopleunde

44、rthethebigtree.4、Thereapictureandamaponthewall.5、Thereaboxofrubbersnearthebooks6、Therelotsofflowersinourgardenlastyear.7、Thereatinofchickenbehindthefridgeyesterday.8、TherefourcupsofcoffeeonthetableFillintheblankwith“have,has”1Ianicepuppet2Heagoodfriend3They_somemasks4Wesomeflowers5She_aduck6Myfather

45、anewbike7Hermother_avase8Ourteacher_anEnglishbook9Ourteachersabasketball10Theirparents_someblankets11Nancy_manyskirts12Davidsomejackets13Myfriends_afootball14Whatdoyou?15WhatdoesMike_?16Whatdoyourfriends?17.WhatdoesHelen_?18.Hisbrother_abasketball.19.Hersister_anicedoll.20.MissLi_anEnglishbook.八、人称代

46、词和物主代词1、人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候位于than之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。2、物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。词格性名词性我的你，你们you的，你们的your他主格Imyyouyourshe人称代物主代词宾形容词me我mine你him的hishis她sheher她的herhers它itit它的itsits我们weus我们的ourours他（她，它）们theythem他（她它）们的theirtheirs一.填写代词表Iitweyouthemhisyourhers1.Thatisnotkite.Thatkiteisverysmall,but_isverybig.(I)2.Thedressis.Giveitto(she)3.Isthis_watch?(you)No,it'snot_.(I)4.isJack.Look!