南师附中高三英语阅读技巧训练

1、南师附中2007年高三英语阅读技巧训练阅读技巧训练（一）猜测词义猜测词义题是从特定的角度考查考生的阅读理解能力和处理生词的能力。猜测词义包括对词、词组和句意的理解，是高考英语试题阅读理解中的一类必考题。2006年全国卷IBItookoff,buthadgoneonlyafewmileswhenblacksmokepouredfromthebackofcar.IstoppedandwonderedwhatIshoudo.61.Thewords“tookoff"underlinedinparagraph2meanA.turnedofffB.movedoffC.putupD.setup20

2、06年北京卷BWecouldn'taffordallthenecessarymedicationforhim,andbecauseDadwasunabletowork.Ihadnomoneyforschoolsuppliesandoftencouldn'tevenbuyfoodfordinner.Iwouldsitinclassfeelingcompletelylost,theteacher'swordsmuffledasItriedtofigureouthowIwasgoingtomanage.61. Whatcanwelearnfromtheunderlinedse

3、ntence?A. Kerrelcouldn'tunderstandherteacher.B. Kerrelhadspecialdifficultyinhearing.C. Kerrelwastootroubledtofocusonthelesson.D. Kerrelwastootiredtohearherteacher'swords.猜测词义题常见的解题方法：(一)上下文线索猜测词义任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，也是高考的热点。如：Ifhe

4、thinkshecaninvitemeout,heisallwet.Idon'tliketobewithhim.A.drunkB.sweatingC.happyD.mistaken根据Idon'tliketobewithhim我们感受到说话人的语气。我不愿意跟他在一起，那么，他要邀请我出去是不可能的他就大错特错了。因此答案D练习：(1) Adeafanddumpguywentintoahardwarestoretoaskforsomenails.(2) TheclimateofthewestcoastisthemostmoderateinCanada,summersarecoo

5、landfairlydryandwintersaremild,cloudyandwet.Eveninmid-winter,thetemperatureisusuallyabovefreezing.(3) Allthehousesinthecitycollapsedduringtheearthquake.(4) Forpeoplewholivewithinastone'sthrowfromtheofficetobelatetoseeworkisunforgivable.(5) Theconflagrationwassofiercethatwithjustafewsecondonecoul

6、dtoweringflameswherethehousehadstoodandthesmokewhichfilledtheskycouldbeseenformilesandmiles.答案：（1）五金店（2）温和的（3）坍塌（4）一步之遥（5）大火灾（二）根据定义或解释猜测词义阅读文章中的有些生词尤其是新闻报导及科普类文章中的生词，往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明性的短语或句子，如tobe,thatis,mean,standfor,namely,toreferto,tomean,inotherwords等，有时也以同位语、定语从句的形式出现，或用破折号、括号来表不'。如：Someship

7、scarriedcargosuchascoal,oilandmilitarysupplies（军用物资）,whileotherscarriedonlypassengers.分析：suchas后所列举物品均为“货物”，由此推断cargo的意思相同，和后面的passengers形成对比。练习（1）Yet,shopkeepersmayhavetospendextrahourstodealwithproblems,suchasshoplifter,whoalwaystakeawaythingsfromtheshopwithoutpayingforthem.（2） Thebestfootball,bas

8、ketballandtennisplayerscanbecomeprofessionalthatmeanstheywillhaveacareerinsportsandwillgetmoneywhentheyplay.（3） Kleptomaniaisanillnessofthemindthatgivesapersonthedesiretosteal.（4） Theword“lefty"meansapersonwhouseshisorherlefthandforwriting,eatingandotherjobs.（5） ）Doctorsrecommendedthateveryonee

9、xerciseeveryday,particularthosewhospendmanyhoursdoingsedentaryactivitieslikereading,typingorsewing.（6）ApersonwhohastheSARS（非典型肺炎）mayhavesymptomslikecoughingandahightemperature.答案：（1）商店里偷东西的人（2）职业的（3）盗窃癖（4）左撇子"的"（5）久坐的（6）症状（3） .根据反义词或反义关系有的文章作者为了增强表达效果，会用一对反义词揭示事物的不同点，形成鲜明的对比，这时只要把握其中的一词，就不

10、难推出另一词的含义，这种句子多见unlike,although,but,yet,while,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,foronething,foranother,inteadof,ratherthan等信息词。如：Oneideaaboutbusinessisthatitcanbetreatedasagameofperfectinformation.Quitethereverse,businesspolite,lifeitselfisgameswhichwemustnormallyplaywithveryimperfectinformation.A.Quiter

11、ight.B.Timeenough.C.Mostunlike.D.Justtheopposite.分析：由前句中perfectinformation到后面imperfectinformation这一组对比关系的词，我们可以推断应为“对比、相反”的意思。练习：1. UnliketheUniteStateswheremanydifferentnationalitiesmakeupthepopulation,Japan'spopulationisquitehomogeneous.2. Thousandsofpeoplegotstuckinlifts.Butnoonepanicked,wepa

12、ssedthetimetellingstories.3. Mostofusagreed;however,Garydissented.4. Heishomely,notatallashandsomeashisbrother.答案：1.单一民族的2。慌张3。不同意4。不英俊（4） .根据同义词或近义词关系常见的引出同义词的标志性词语有or,like,similarly等。如：MillionsofanimalsdieeachyearonUsroads,theHighwayadministrationreports.Infact,onlyabout80ocelots,anendangeredwildc

13、atexistintheUstoday.Themainreason?Roadkill.分析：从后面的同位语anendangeredwildcat可知“ocelot”是一种野生猫练习：1. Noteveryhistoricmansion,church,battlesite,theatreandotherpublichallscanbepreserved.2. Weshould,therefore,learntochooseourwordscarefullyandusethemaccurately,ortheywillmakeourspeechsillyandvulgar.3. Theirfrie

14、ndslaughedatthem,andmysisterfeltwretched,veryunhappy.答案：1。大厦2。粗俗的，庸俗的（五）利用例证性线索某些冷僻的词汇后面会举一个例子，使词汇具体易懂。等连接性词语往往用来举例说明前面较难理解的名词。如：Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals:TheWorldofEnglish,ForeignLanguageTeachinginSchool,orEnglishLearning.分析：通过后面的例子：英语世界、中小学外语教学、英语学习，可知periodicals为“期刊杂志”练习：1. ManyUnitedNationse

15、mloyeesarepolyglots:Mr.Simpson,forexample,speaksfivelanguagesfluently.2. Thelargestplayer-ShanghaiBashiTourismCarRentalCenteroffersawidevarietyofchoices-DeluxeSedans,Minivans,StationWagons,Coaches,SantanaSedansarethebigfavorite.3. Whenwritinganarticle,weoftenusesimiles,suchas“braveasalion"and“q

16、uicklikelightning".答案：1。通晓多国语言2。各种不同种类的出租车名称3.明喻（六）根据构词法猜测词义阅读中常会遇到一些由所熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词，可利用构词法知识来推测其意思。如：Exhibitionofficialssaidthatapersonbittenbyoneofthesesnakeswouldneedatleast80mlofananti-poisonmedicinetobesaved.分析：antipoison是由poison加前缀anti-构成的，anti-意思是“反对、排斥、抵抗”，由此可猜出anti-poison是“解毒、抗毒”的意思。练习

17、：1. Iranquakeleavescityflattened.2. Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50,000yearsago,howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodernlife?3. TheagingofpopulationwillaffectAmericansocietyinmanyways-education,medicineandbusiness.答案：1。被夷为平地2。画出一幅画3。老化实战练习2006年安徽卷CLionsareopportunists.Theyprefertoeatwithouthavingtodotoo

18、muchwork.Ifanotheranimalhasmadeakill,theywilldriveitoffandtakethekillforthemselves.64.Bydescribinglionsasaopportunist"inthefirstparagraph,theauthormeanstosaythatlions.A.arecruelanimalsB.arecleveranimalsC. liketotakeadvantageofotheranimalsD.liketotakeeverychancetoeat2006年上海卷CAnalyzingthelawofthe

19、talion-aneyeforaneye,atoothforatooth-WilliamIanMillerpresentsanoriginalthinkingovertheconceptof“payback.”73. Theword“talion"inintroducingthebookEyeforanEyeisprobablyaconceptof.A. medicineB.tradeC.avengingD.striving2006年天津卷CSomechildrenarenatural-bornbosses.Theyhaveastrongneedtomakedecisions,man

20、agetheirenvironment,andleadratherthanfollow.“Examinetheextendedfamily,andyou'llprobablyfindabossygrandparent,aunt,uncleorcousinineverygeneration.It'saninheritabletrait,“saidRussellBarkley,aprofessor44.TheunderlinedphraseA.inbornnatureC.acceptedtheoryainheritabletrait“inParagraph2meansB. deve

21、lopedcharacter2006EWhenshewasstillinherearly年湖南卷30s,publishingessaysinsuchimportantD. particularenvironmentmagazinesaspartisanReview,sheappearedasthesymbolofAmericanculturallife,Sontagwalkedatthelatestedgesoftryinghardtofolloweverynewdevelopment,worldculture.71. TheunderlinedsentenceinParagragh1mean

22、sSontag.A.wasasymbolofAmericanculturallifeB.developedworldliterature,filmandartC.publishedmanyessaysaboutworldcultureE. keptpacewiththenewestdevelopmentofworldcultureKeys:CCAD阅读技巧训练（二）主旨大意题这类题主要是测试学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。常见的设题方式有：1） Whichofthefollowingbestdescri

23、besthemainpointofthepassage?2） Whatisthewritertryingtotellus?3） Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?4） Thepurposeofthepassageis.5） Themain（general）ideaofthepassageis.6） Thepassageismainlyabout.7） Whatismainlydiscussedinthepassage?这类题通常围绕一个中心思想展开，一些文章一开头便展示出文章的中心思想，第一段常常是内容的梗概，同时又表达了中心思想，也

24、有一些文章的中心思想贯穿全文，并没有用一句话明确表达出来，这就要求学生学会归纳概括。每个段落往往也由一个主题句或几个陈述句构成，它们在句中的位置不同，有时在开头，首先点明本段大意；有时在结尾，总结本段大息。做这类题，首先要找出文章的主题句。找出文章的主题句，也就明确了文章要讲什么，再通过速读全文，就可以把握文章的中心思想了。主题句在整个语段中起着通领全段的作用，其它句子都是用来阐述、解释、支持或发展主题句所表达的主题思想的，其位置一般位于段首，也见于段尾或段中。另外在许多文段中，设有可以概括全段意义的主题句，必须根据文章中所提供的事实细节，进行全面分析，然后归纳成一般概念。但必须注意，既不能以

25、偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。Eg.1（05全国I）MONTREAL（Reuters）CrossingtheUS-Canadaborder（边界）togotochurchonaSundaycostaUScitizen$10,000forbreakingWashington'sstrictnewsecurity（安全）rules.TheexpensivetriptochurchwasasurpriseforRichardAlbert,wholivesrightontheCanadianborder.Liketheotherhalf-dozenpeopleofTownship

26、15,crossingtheborderisadailyoccurrenceforAlbert.ThenearbyQuebecvillageofSt.Pamphileiswheretheyshop,eatandgotochurch.Therearemanysuchsituationsintheseareasalongthelargelyunguarded5,530-mileborderbetweenCanadaandtheUS-whichinsomecasesactuallyrunsdownthemiddleofstreetsorthroughbuildings.Asaresult,Alber

27、tsayshedidnotexpectanyproblemsthreeweeksagowhenhereturnedhometotheUSafterattendingchurchinCanada,asusual.TheUScustoms（海关）stationinthisareaisclosedonSundays,sobejustdrovearoundthelockedgate,ashehaddoneeveryweekendsincethegateappearedlastMay,followingatighteningofbordersecurity.Twodayslater.Albertwast

28、oldtogotothecustomsoffice,whereanofficertoldhimbehadbeencaughtoncameracrossingtheborderillegally（非法）Ottawahasgivenoutspecialpassestosome300UScitizensinthatareasotheycanenterthecountrywhenCanadiancustomsstationsareclosed,buttheUSstoppedasimilarprogramlastMay.Thatforcesthepeopletoa200-miledetouralongh

29、illyroadstogethomethroughanotherbordercheckpoint.Detailsforthe“expensivetourAlberthasrequestedthatthecustomsofficechangetheirdecisionsonthefine,buthehasnotattendedaSundaychurchsince."IfeellikeI'mlivinginaprison,”hesaid.62.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ACross-countryTripB.ASpecialBorde

30、rPassC.AnUnguardedBorderD.AnExpensiveChurchVisiPassageB(NMET2003)Readingtodogsisanunusualwaytohelpchildrenimprovetheirliteracyskills(读写能力).Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence(自信心)，accordingtoInte

31、rmountainTherapyAnimals(ITA)inSaltLakeCity.Thegroupsaysitisthefirstprograminthecountrytousedogstohelpdevelopliteracyinchildren,withtheintroductionofReadingEducationAssistanceDogs(READ).TheSaltLakeCityPublicLibraryissoldontheidea."Literacyspecialistsadmitthatchildrenwhoreadbelowtheleveloftheirfe

32、llowpupilsareoftenafraidofreadingaloudinagroup,oftenhavelowerself-respect,andregardreadingasaheadache,"saidLisaMyron,managerofthechildren'sdepartment.LastNovemberthetwogroupsstarted“DogDayAfternoon"inthechildren'sdepartmentofthemainlibrary.About25childrenattendedeachofthefourSaturd

33、ay-afternoonclasses,readingforhalfanhour.Thosewhoattendedthreeofthefourclassesreceiveda“pawgraphed“bookatthelastclass.TheprogramwassosuccessfulthatthelibraryplanstorepeatitinApril,accordingtoDanaThumpowsky,publicrelationsmanager.(Exampleandsuccessoftheprogram)Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent

34、.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknowsaeverything"mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance。文章中出现so,thus,therefore,asaresult,Ithink,prove,show,等词，要注意看看后面的从句是否表示一种作者的观点或者文章要提出的观点Ifyouwereplanningto

35、buyatelevisionset,thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlydrawyourattention:"ColorTV.Only$79.Twodayssale.Hurry.”However,whenyougotothestorereadytobuy.Youmaydiscoverthattheyaresoldout.Buttheshopassistantisquicktotellyouthathehasanothermodel.Amuchbettersetwhichis“justrightforyou"Itcosts$395.T

36、hissalesmethodiscalled“baitandswitch”.Buyersarebaitedwithasalesadvertisement,andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermoreexpensiveone.Buyingthingsonsaleneedscarefulconsiderationofthegoodsandthereasonforthesale.Theparagraphcouldbeentitled.A. BuyingATVSe(detail)B. SellingMethodC.BuyerBeware(detail)D.TVOnSale(d

37、etail)06江苏Aneweight-kilometerroadisunderconstructionthatlinkstheportareawithmotorwaysystem.Itisexpectedtocarry20,000trucksandcarsaday,whichgreatlyreducestheovercrowdedtrafficinthecenterofthecity.Aspartoftheproject,twofour-kilometerroadtunnelsarebeingbuiltbelowthecentralareaofthecity,onefortraffictot

38、henorthandtheotherforthetraffictothesouth.Thetwotunnelsareabout20metersbelowthesurfaceandare12meterswide,providingfortwolanesoftrafficineachdirection.Intheupperpartofthetunneltwoair-conditioningpipesremovethewastegasoftrucksandcarsandkeepthequalityofairinsidethetunnel.Thelightingisatthetopofthetunne

39、l,practicallyatitshighestpoint.Therewillalsobeelectricsignsatfrequentintervals.Theyshowtrafficconditionsaheadandcanbeseenclearlybydrivers.Thewallismadeupoffourmainelements,whichincludeawaterproofingcoveringand,ontheinsideofthetunnel,aconcreteliningEachtunnelisroughlyroundandthelowerpartofthetunnelis

40、somewhatflat.Thesurfaceoftheroadliesonthebase,whichismadeofconcreteandsteel.Thedrainagesystem,justbelowtheroadsurfaceononeside,removesanyextraliquid,particularlywater.Intheeventoffire,thefiremain,whichismadeofsteel,pipeswatertomanyfirehydrantstationsatregularintervalsalongthelengthofthetunnel.Thefir

41、emainisatthesideofthetunnelandattheleveloftheroadsurface.Othersystemsinthetunnelwillincludeemergencyphones.75.Thepassageismainlyabout.A.theconstructionofaroadB.thedesignofaroadC.theconstructionoftwotunnelsD.thedesignoftwotunnelsMagellan'smenwerethefirsttomakethetriparoundtheworld.Ittookthemmoret

42、hantwoyearstodosobyship.MagellanwasfromPortugal,buthesailedfortheKingofSpain.OnSeptember20, 1519,heleftSpainwithfiveshipsand240men.AfterpassingthetripofSouthAmerica,theyreachedthePacificOcean,onwhichtheysailedmorethanoneyear.Veryoftentheycouldnotseeapieceoflandformonthsandtheysufferedgreatlyfromthel

43、ackoffoodandfreshwater.Manyofthemdiedofhungeranddiseases.Theyevenhadtoliveonsawdust.FinallyinApril1521,MagellangottothePhilippineIslands,wherehewaskilled.HismenfledandcontinuedtheirvoyageacrosstheIndianOcean.ItwaswiththegreatestdifficultythattheypassedtheCapeofGoodHope.BythetimetheyreturnedtoSpainon

44、December21,1521,sevenoutofeveryeightmenhaddied.Magellan'svoyageprovedthatmencouldsailaroundtheworldandthatourearthisbutahugeball.Whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.Magellan'sdeath(toonarrow)B.GoingAroundTheWorldtoobroadC.TheWorldIsRound(toonarrow)D.Magellan'sVoya

45、ge(proper)阅读技巧训练（三）推理判断推理判断题要求考生在爱理解原文的基础上，根据文章所阐述的事实死结和上下问的按时及线索进行综合分析，然后进行判断，引申或得出合情合理的结论。因此，考生不仅要掌握文章的表层意思还要理解其深层的内涵，不仅要掌握已言明的观点和倾向，还要获得字里行间的信息。此题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理、故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。考生因找准文中提供的相应的文字信息，特别是关键词语，把握作者的观点、态度或写作的目的，借助上下文的逻辑关系来判断，并能领悟文字的弦外之音。也可以借助常识或文化背景来判断。推理判断常见的命题方式有：Wecan

46、inferfromthepassagethattheauthor.（2006全国卷I,71）Themainpurposeofthesurveyisto.（2006湖南卷，59）Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?（2006湖北卷，75）Whatwouldtheauthorprobablydiscussinthepassagethatfollows?（2006安徽卷71）Theunderlinedsentencedinthesecondparagraphimpliedthat（2006福建卷，58）Thepassageisprobabl

47、ytakenfroma.（2006辽宁卷59）因此，常见的推测题有：一、写作意图推测题：此类题型要求考生根据文章的论述，推测作者的写作意图及应用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或意见。这类题型不仅要求考生能理解文章的内容，而且还要具备对作者所阐述的问题及写作手法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。例如：Earthquakemayrightlyrankedasoneofthemostdisastrousforcesknowntoman:sincerecordbegantobewrittendown,ithasbeenestimated（估

48、计）thatearthquake-relateddeathshavenumberedinthemillions,andthatearthquake-relatedlosshasbeenbeyondcalculationThegreatmajorityofallearthquakeoccurredintwoparticularareasinhistoryItisdoubtfulthatmanwillbeeverbeabletocontrolearthquakesandgetridoftheirdamagealtogether.Butashowandwhyearthquakeshappenbeco

49、mebetterunderstood,manwillbecomemoreandmoreabletodealwiththeirpossibledamagebeforetheyoccur.Q:Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassageprobablyisto.A.informthereaderB.entertainthereaderC.supportatheoryD.questionatheory分析：文章第一段介绍地震给人类造成的危害，第二段分析地震频发的地方，第三段分析地震预防方面的前景，因此可以推断写作目的不是娱乐，也不是就某一理论提出质疑，而是给读者提供一些信息，教育读者。答案是Ao二、态度、观点判断题：作者的态度、思想倾向是指对作者陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不决，对记述和描写的人、物或事件等是赞扬、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰的词语中。因此，在推理判断的过程中，因特别注意作者的措辞。例如：Whyisn'tyo