第二部分：阅读选择

1、第二部分：阅读选择（第1115题，每题2分，共10分）阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出1个最佳选项，并在答题卡相应位置上将该项涂黑。Passage1（选自大纲样题）TapDancing（踢踏舞）Americanart,butithasbeeninfluencedbyEnglishandIrishdancestepsaswellasstepsfromAfrica. SomehistoriansarguethattapdancingwasfirstdonebyslavesonSouthernplantationsinNorthAmerica,andthatorig

2、inallystepsweredonewearingsoft-soledshoes.Irishstepdancing,whichalsoinvolvesintricate（复杂的）footpatterns,contributedthemovementofthefreelegtoonesideandtheswingoftheelbowsoutward.Woodenclogshoeswerewornastapdancingevolved,butforalongtimethestepsweredoneflat-footed. Tapdancingdevelopedintotheformwerecog

3、nizetodayintheearly20thcentury.Metaltapswereaddedtodanceshoes,andanumberofnewtechniquesBillRobinson.Anotherwasthe"cramproll,"inwhichthedancerwouldrapidlymovefromtheballoftherightfoottotheballoftheleft,andthentotheheelofeachfoot.Thisseparationofthestepsintodistinctareasofthefoot,aninnovatio

4、nbydancerJohnBubbles,alloweddancerstoimproviseevenmorenewcommonpartofdanceroutines,withdancerscompetingveryhardtooutperform(胜过)eachotherwithnewanddifficultsteps. Manydancersexcelledattapandcontributedtoitsdevelopment.BesidesBillRobinsonandJohnBubbles,well-knowntappershaveincludedSammyDavis,Jr.,FredA

5、staire,EleanorPowell,GregoryHines,andSavionGlover.11. Thistextismainlyabout.A.dancing显示答案【答案】D【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要讲了踢踏舞的发展过程。12. Thephrase"attributedto"(Line4,Para.3)means.A.显示答案【答案】A【解析】词义理解题。可以用代入法。creditto=attributeto=oweto请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！【单选题】Decidewhichofthestatementsisthebestan

6、sweraccordingtothefollowingpassage.Themarketmaybesomethingabstract.Butforeachpersonorbusinessthatismakingandsellingsomething,itisveryreal.Ifnobodybuysyourtomatoes,itwon'tbelongbeforeyougetthemessage.Themarketistellingyousomething.Itistellingyouthatyouareusingenergiesandresourcesindoingsomethingt

7、hemarketdoesn'twantyoutodo.Q:Theword"real"inthesecondsentencemaymostprobablymean.AseriousBimportantC.trueD.concrete【答案】D【解析】本题考查阅读选择之词义理解题。根据上下文来猜测，从real所在句子的上文Themarketmaybesomethingabstract."市场这个概念看上去有点抽象。"再看real所在的句子Butforeachpersonorbusinessthatismakingandsellingsomething

8、,itisveryreal."但对于每一个从事市场经济行为的人来说，它确是"，but表示前后转折，故可以推断real在这里是"抽象的"反义含义，即"具体的"，故选择D。【知识点】阅读选择之词义理解题The"cramproll"(Line4,Para.3)wasinventedby.显示答案【答案】D【解析】事实细节题。根据第三段的中间部分Anotherwasthe"cramproll,"inwhichthedancerwouldrapidlymovefromtheballoftherightfo

9、ot(右脚的大脚趾球)totheballoftheleft,andthentotheheelofeachfoot.Thisseparationofthestepsintodistinctareasofthefoot,aninnovationbydancerJohnBubbles,alloweddancerstoimproviseevenmorenewpatterns.13. OneofthemostimportantelementsoftapdancingisA.intricatefootworkB. smooth,flowingmotionsdancinginrhythmwithapartn

10、erC. wearingwoodenshoes显示答案【答案】A【解析】事实细节题。根据oneofthemostimportant定位在第三段第三句：Oneofthemostimportantwasthechangefromtheflat-footedsteptodancingontheballsofthefeet.14. Namesarementionedinthistextinorderto.A. tellaboutthelivesoffamoustapdancersconnecttapwithjazzmusicB. showtheinfluenceofwomenontapdancegiv

11、ecredittofamoustapdancers显示答案【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。该题要求考生根据最后一段，推测作者的写作意图。最后一段Manydancersexcelledattapandcontributedtoitsdevelopment.BesidesBillRobinsonandJohnBubbles,well-knowntappershaveincludedSammyDavisJr.,FredAstaire,EleanorPowell,GregoryHines,andSavionGlover.。15. Thistextismainlyabout.dancing显示答案【答案】

12、D【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要讲了踢踏舞的发展过程。（参考第二三段的黑体词）小贴士：和以前的阅读理解基本相同。请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！【单选题】Decidewhichofthestatementsisthebestansweraccordingtothefollowingpassage.1Themarketisaconcept（概念）.Ifyouaregrowingtomatoesinyourbackyardforsaleyouareproducingforthemarket.Youmightsellsometoyourneighborsandsometothe

13、localmanagersofthesupermarket.Butineithercase,youareproducingforthemarket.Youreffortsarebeingdirectedbythemarket.Ifpeoplestopbuyingtomatoes,youwillstopproducingthem.2Ifyoutakecareofasickpersontoearnmoney,youareproducingforthemarket.Ifyourfatherisasteelworkeroratruckdriveroradoctororagrocer,heisprodu

14、cinggoodsorserviceforthemarket.3Whenyouspendyourincome,youarebuyingthingsfromthemarket.Youmayspendmoneyinstores,supermarkets,gasstationandrestaurants.Stillyouarebuyingfromthemarket.Whenthelocalgrocerhiresyoutodrivethedeliverytruck,heisbuyingyourlaborinthelabormarket.Q:Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebe

15、sttitleofthepassage?ASellingandBuying.BEverythingyoudoisproducingforthemarket.CWhatisthemarket?DWhatthemarketcandoforyou.【答案】C【解析】本题考查阅读选择之主旨大意题。文章的第一段的第一句话Themarketisaconcept.为主题句，下文为了说明什么是市场，作者举了很多例子来解释，因此通读全文可知，本文主要是要告诉读者"市场到底是什么？”，故选择C。【知识点】阅读选择之主旨大意题Passage2（选自Self-Assessment2）StudentLoans

16、FederalStudentAidisanofficeoftheUSDepartmentofEducationthatprovidesstudentloansforeducationbeyondhighschool.TheUSgovernmentclearlyunderstandstheimportanceofpost-secondaryeducationinpositivelyimpactingthenation.ItthereforeensuresthateacheligiblestudentintheUnitedStatesisabletoreceivefinancialassistan

17、ceforhighereducation. Althoughparentscanoptforprivatefundingthroughsourceslikebanksandotherfinanceinstitutions,theratesofinterestcanbeprohibitivelyhighinmostcases.Ontheotherhand,theinterestratesoffederallyfundedstudentloansaremuchlessincomparison.Itisthereforeimperativethatparentstakeallstepsnecessa

18、rytoapplyforstudentloansavailablethroughthefederalgovernment. FederalStudentAidisactivelyinvolvedineducatingstudentsandtheirfamiliesontheexactproceduretoobtainstudentloans.Oncetheapplicationsarereceived,itprocessesthembythemillionsbeforethestartofeachacademicyear.Italsopaysoutbillionsofdollarsthroug

19、hschoolstofundtheeducationofstudentswhohaveappliedforfinancialaid. ThefirststepinapplyingforfinancialaidistofillandsubmittheFAFSAorFreeApplicationforFederalStudentAid.Thenameofthestudentshouldbeenteredexactlythewayitiswrittenonthestudent'ssocialsecuritycard.Theformatusedis"firstname",&

20、quot;middleinitial",and"lastname".SincetheanalysisbureauwillbelinkinguptheFAFSAwiththesocialsecuritynumber,thenamesshouldmatchpreciselyfortheapplicationtobeapproved.Amismatchinthenamescouldresultintheapplicationbeingsentbackforcorrection.Thiswouldcauseadelayandenduppushingtheapplicant

21、tothebackoftheline.Sincemostfinancialaidisprovidedonafirst-come-first-servedbasis,itisimportanttobeattheheadoftheline.EvenaminorerrorontheFAFSAcanresultinalossofthousandsofdollarsinfinancialaid. Therefore,itisimportantthatfamilieshavealltheproperincomeandtaxrecordsreadybeforeapplyingforfinancialaid.

22、Thiswillhelpavoidsubmittinginconsistent,incompleteormistakeninformationwhilefillingouttheFAFSAforms. TheCSSPROFILEistheFAFSAequivalentthatismostoftenrequiredforaidthroughprivateuniversities.ItcouldbealittlemorecomplicatedthanfillingouttheFAFSAform.Goingthroughtheentireprocesswiththehelpofacertifiedc

23、ollegeplannerwouldbeagoodidea. Nomatterwhattheircreditrating,parentsshouldstillsubmittheirapplicationsforfinancialaid.Learningaboutthedifferentoptionsavailabletothemisthefirststepintheprocess.Doingitrightwillenhancetheirchancesofgettingstudentloansfortheirchildren'shighereducation.11. FederalStu

24、dentAidprovidesstudentloansfor.A. highschooleducationsecondaryeducationB. highereducationpre-secondaryeducation显示答案【答案】C【解析】事实细节题。根据FederalStudentAidprovidesstudentloans定位在第一段第一句FederalStudentAidisanofficeoftheUSDepartmentofEducationthatprovidesstudentloansforeducationbeyondhighschool.12. Federallyf

25、undedloansarepreferredtoprivatefundingfor.A. theireasyaccessibilitytheirhighreliabilityB. theirlowerinterestratestheirwideavailability显示答案【答案】C【解析】事实细节题。根据federallyfundedloans和privatefunding定位在第二段。根据前两句Althoughparentscanoptforprivatefundingthroughsourceslikebanksandotherfinanceinstitutions,therateso

26、finterestcanbeprohibitivelyhighinmostcases.Ontheotherhand,theinterestratesoffederallyfundedstudentloansaremuchlessincomparison.。13. FederalStudentAideducatesstudentson.A. howtoapplytoidealuniversitieshowtoobtainstudentloansB. howtoprocesstheapplicationshowtomeettheirfinancialneeds显示答案【答案】B【解析】事实细节题。

27、根据federalStudentAid定位在第二段。由第一句话FederalStudentAidisactivelyinvolvedineducatingstudentsandtheirfamiliesontheexactproceduretoobtainstudentloans.可知答案为B。14. Thefirststepinapplyingforfinancialaidisto.A. filloutandsubmitapplicationformsapplyforasocialsecuritynumberB. entertheapplicantnameintherightformatsu

28、bmitalltheproperincomeandtaxrecords显示答案【答案】A【解析】事实细节题。根据firststep定位在第四段第一句：ThefirststepinapplyingforfinancialaidistofillandsubmittheFAFSAorFreeApplicationforFederalStudentAid.，由此可知答案为A。请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！【单选题】Decidewhichofthestatementsisthebestansweraccordingtothefollowingpassage.Nowtakingurinesa

29、mples（尿样）ofathletesispracticedworldwide,yetdrugtakingremainsaseriousproblem.TocombatittheSportsCouncilinBritainhasstartedin-and-out-of-competitiondrugtestingproject.Competitorsweretestedatrandombefore,whichmeansafewpeoplewereselectedwithoutknowingbeforehand.Thiswasmostlydoneduringmatches.Now,athlete

30、scanbetestedwhentheytrainaswell.Thiswaytheauthoritieswillbeabletocatchmoredrug-takers,whowillneverknowbeforehandwhentheyhavetotakeadrugtest.Q:What'snewaboutthedrugtestingprogramascomparedwiththepreviouspractice?AUrinesamplesofathletesaretakenandtested.BAthletesaretestedduringandafterthecompetiti

31、on.CMoreandmoreathletesareselectedandtestedduringmatches.DAthletesaretestedintrainingaswellasduringcompetition.【答案】D【解析】本题考查阅读选择之细节题。根据第四行Thiswasmostlydoneduringmatches.Now,athletescanbetestedwhentheytrainaswell.可知"以前只是在比赛时随机抽检运动员的尿样，而现在运动员训练时也可能被抽检"，故选择D。【知识点】阅读选择之细节题Tosucceedinapplyingfo

32、rstudentloans,youareadvisedtoA. enhanceacademicperformanceresorttoacertifiedcollegeplannerB. avoidsubmittingaCSSPROFILE资料turninincomeandtaxrecordsafterwards显示答案【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据同一顺序的原则定位在第五段及之后的内容，具体参考第六段最后一句：Goingthroughtheentireprocesswiththehelpofacertifiedcollegeplannerwouldbeagoodidea。由此可以看出，有资

33、格证书的学院规划师可以提供全程帮助，故选B。另外根据第五段第一句Therefore,itisimportantthatfamilieshavealltheproperincomeandtaxrecordsreadybeforeapplyingforfinancialaid.可知D选项的错误在于afterwards一词，应改成inadvance。请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！【单选题】Decidewhichofthestatementsisthebestansweraccordingtothefollowingpassage.Obviously,therewouldbenopoin

34、tininvestinginacomputerifyouhadtocheckallitsanswers,butpeopleshouldalsorelyontheirowninternalcomputersandcheckthemachinewhentheyhavethefeelingthatsomethinghasgonewrong.Questioningandroutinedouble-checksmustcontinuetobeasmuchapartofgoodbusinessastheywereinpre-computerdays.Maybeeachcomputershouldcomew

35、iththewarning:forallthehelpthiscomputermayprovide,itshouldnotbeseenasasubstituteforfundamentalthinkingandreasoningskills.Q:Accordingtothepassage,itcanbeinferredthattheauthorwouldprobablydisapproveof.AcompletedependenceoncomputersBinvestmentincomputersCdouble-checkoncomputersDtheuseofcomputer【答案】A【解析

36、】本题考查阅读选择之推理判断题。根据第二句Questioningandroutinedouble-checksmustcontinuetobeasmuchapartofgoodbusinessastheywereinpre-computerdays.可知作者认为一个好的公司应像以前一样，继续实行质疑和例行的双查制度，也就是说作者不赞成完全依赖计算机，故选择A。另外还要注意的是A选项中含有过于绝对的词complete，可以判断该选项可能是作者不赞成的内容。【知识点】阅读选择之推理判断题Passage3（选自Self-Assessment3）WhyLackofSleepCouldBeMakingY

37、ouFatter Sleeplessnightsdon'tjustruinyourmoodthenextday-theycouldalsodamageyourwaistline胸围.AccordingtonewresearchintheAugustissueoftheAmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition临床营养,sleepdeprivationcancausepeopletopackonextrapounds. ResearchersattheNewYorkObesityNutritionResearchCentreatSt.Luke's-Roo

38、seveltHospitalfoundthatsleep-deprivedpeopleseemtoburnthesamenumberofcaloriesasthewell-rested,buttheyconsumeabout300morecaloriesaday.Giventhatittakesjust3,500caloriestoaddapoundtoyourbody,thosecaloriescanquicklyturnintoextraweight. Butthereareseveralotherreasonsthatsleeplosscouldleadtoweightgain,says

39、sleepdisorderspecialistMichaelBreus.Whenwegettoolittleshut-eye,ourmetabolism（新陈代谢）slowsdowntoconserveenergy.Thatslowdowntriggersthereleaseofthehormonecortisol（荷尔蒙皮质醇）,whichincreasesappetite.Yourbodythinksitneedsmoreenergy,soitasksformorefoodInaviciouscycle,sleeplossalsocausesourbodiestoreleasemoregh

40、relin,anotherhormonethatsignalshunger,andlessleptin瘦素，瘦蛋白,thehormonethattellsyourstomachthatit'sfull.Withyourhormonesnolongerworkinginthenormalway,yourbodywantsmorefoodandlacksthesensitivitytoknowwhentostopeating.Nottomentionthatbeingawakemorehoursgivesyoumoretimetosnack. "Thelateryou'r

41、eupatnight,thegreaterthelikelihoodthatyou'regoingtoeat,"Breussays,and"you'remorelikelytoeathigh-fat,high-carb碳水化合物foods." OneothercontributingfactortosuchweightgainisthatthebodyburnsthemostcaloriesduringREMsleep,adeeplyrestfulphase.LesssleepmeanslesstimeinREM. Foroptimalhealth

42、,expertssayyoushouldtrytoget7.5hoursofsleepanight.Ifyouhavetroublesleeping,sticktoanightlyroutine,exerciseduringtheday,banishworriestoajournal,andkeeppre-bedtimeactivitiesrelaxing.11. Thispassageismainlyabout.A. theinfluenceofsleeplossonweighttheeffectofsleepdeprivationonmoodB. thereleaseofthehormon

43、ecortisoltheimplicationsofanewresearchfinding显示答案【答案】A【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章标题"为何缺少睡眠会使人变胖"就可以看出，sleep和weight是文章的关键词。12. Sleep-deprivedpeopleconsumemorecalories,whichwillmakethemenergeticA. turnintoextrapoundsdamagetheirmoodB. Causethemtofeelsleepy显示答案【答案】B【解析】事实细节题。根据sleep-deprivedpeople定位在第二段：ResearchersattheNewYorkObesityNutritionResearchCentreatSt.Luke's-RooseveltHospitalfoundthatsleep-deprivedpeopleseemtoburnthesamenumberofcaloriesasthewell-rested,buttheyconsumeabout300more