外研社八年级英语下册模块3 Journey to space知识点归纳

1、外研社八年级英语下册模块3 Journey to space知识点归纳知识点一：模块3的短语1. school project学校项目2. hear the news听新闻3. on the news在新闻上4. be far away遥远的5. in the spaceship在宇宙飞船上6. lots of许多7. in order to为了8. the latest news最新的新闻9. space travel太空旅行10. go online上网11. search for搜寻12. hundreds of millions of years几亿年13. a small part

2、of一小部分14. communicate with sb.和某人沟通15. Its impossible to do做事情是不可能的16. write back回信17. go around环绕18. take photos 拍照19. billions of数十亿的20. in the universe宇宙21. finish doing sth.完成做某事22. be named after 以命名知识点二：重点词语解释Unit one1. What are you up to？你在做什么？be up to sth.正在做某事，忙于某事eg：I haven't seen you

3、these days.What are you up to? 这些天我都没有见到你。你在做什么呢？be up to sb.由某人决定eg：Which one do you want? It is up to you.你想要哪一个？你决定吧。2. news n.新闻；消息eg：The news is at seven.新闻节目在七点播出。news是不可数名词，没有复数形式。如果表示一则消息用a piece of news。eg：I have a piece of news to tell you.我有一则消息告诉你。辨析news, message和information(1)news不可数名词，

4、通常指通过电视、报纸、广播等新闻媒体向大众发布的社会各方面的消息。eg:He had to break the news to her.他不得不向她透露消息。(2)message,可数名词，通常指口头传递或书写的“音信”。eg:He often sends me short messages.他经常给我发送短信息。(3)information不可数名词，通常指通过观察、学习、阅读和交谈得到的资料、信息等。eg:The book contains much new information.这本书有很多的新信息。3. arrive v.到达；抵达eg：They arrived at the sch

5、ool before the bell rang.在铃响之前他们到达了学校。辨析reach, arrive和get(1)arrive不及物动词，后接宾语时要加介词in(大地点)或at(小地点)。eg:I arrived in Beijing last night.我昨天晚上到达了北京。(2)reach及物动词，后面可以直接加宾语。eg:Finally we reached the top of the mountain.最终我们到达了山顶。(3) get作“到达”讲，后接宾语时要加介词to。eg:When did you get to the park? 你什么时候到公园的？注意：当arriv

6、e, get后接表示地点的副词，如here, there, home等时，则不用介词，即arrive/get地点副词。词语大地点小地点其他副词arrive+in+atarrive here, arrive there, arrive homereachreach +地点reach here, reach there, reach homegetget to+地点get here, get there, get home4.yet adv.还，尚eg：I haven't heard from her yet.我还没有收到她的来信。辨析yet和already(1)yet常用在现在完成时的否

7、定句(还，尚)和疑问句(已经)中，谈论尚未发生的事情。eg：We haven't got any further information yet.我们还没有得到进一步的消息。(2)already常用在现在完成时的肯定句中，谈论已经发生的事情。用在疑问句中，表达说话人的“惊奇；意外”。eg：I have already seen the film.我已经看过那部电影了。 Have you had breakfast already?难道你已经吃过早饭了？5.farther adj. & adv.更远eg：Three miles is farther than two.3英里比2英

8、里远。辨析farther与further（1）farther, farther表示距离或时间上“更远 (的)”；可用于比较级句子中，与than连用。 eg:I can't go any farther.我再也走不动了。（2）further, further可以表示距离或时间上“更远(的)”，还可以表示抽象意义的“更多的，更进一步的”，而farther不能这样用。eg:I have nothing further to say.我没有更多要说的了。Unit two1. however conj.但是(1) 表示转折用于谈及一个既成事实时，表示转折，其意为“可是”“仍然”等等。可放在句首、

9、句中或句末，通常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。e.g.:My father, however, did not agree.但是，我父亲不同意。(2) “无论如何”“不管怎样”，用来修饰形容词或副词，其词序为however + 形容词或副词（=no matter how +形容词或副词）+主语+谓语e.g.:Phone me when you arrive, however late it is.你到达之后就给我打电话，不论多么晚也要打。2. none pron.没有一人；没有一个；一点儿也没有eg：Is there any more sugar? 还有糖吗？ No, none at all.不，

10、一点儿也没有了。none既可指人，也可指物，是不定代词，指“三者或三者以上都不”，与all互为反义词。eg：How many birds are there in the tree?树上有几只鸟？ None.一只也没有。none of.“没有一个，都不”。none of短语作主语时，如果代替可数名词，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数；如果代替不可数名词，谓语动词只能用单数形式。eg：None of the money is hers.这钱没有一点是她的。None of my friends is/are here.我的朋友们都不在这里。辨析none和no onenone用于指人或物,可单独使用,也可

11、与of连用，常用于回答how many或how much引导的问句。eg：How many birds can you see there? 你在那里能看到多少只鸟？ None.一只也看不到。no one,“没有人”，相当于nobody，只用于指人，不可以与of连用,作主语时谓语动词只能用单数形式，常用于回答who引导的问句。eg：Who is in the library? 谁在图书馆？ No one.没有人。3. billion num.十亿eg：There are billions of trees in the country. 这个国家有数十亿棵树。当表示具体数目时，billion后

12、不加­s；当表示不确定的数目时，billion后加­s，且后面跟of。注意：类似用法的词还有：hundred, thousand, million等。eg：1.3 billion people 十三亿人； thousands of houses 数以千计的房子3.enough adv.充分地；足够地eg：She was lucky enough to catch the last bus. 她能赶上末班车很幸运。enough作副词，修饰形容词或副词时放在被修饰词后面。eg：He is not old enough to join the army. 他年龄尚小，不能参军。e

13、nough作限定词，修饰名词可放在被修饰词之前或之后，但放在名词前面更常见。eg：We have enough time to finish the work. We have time enough to finish the work. 我们有充足的时间完成这项工作。“.notadj.enoughto do sth.”常和“too.to.”和“so.that否定形式的从句”互换。eg：他年龄尚小，不能开车。 He is not old enough to drive a car. He is too young to drive a car. He is so young that he

14、can't drive a car.municate v.沟通;交流;传递eg：We should communicate our policy to the local people. 我们应该把我们的政策传递给当地人民。communicate with sb.“与某人交流”。eg：They use their own language to communicate with each other.他们用他们自己的语言互相交流。communicate sth.to sb.“向某人传递某物”。eg：Kate often communicates messages to her frie

15、nds. 凯特经常给她的朋友们传达信息。Unit threeas.as 和一样eg：She is as tall as her sister.她和她的姐姐一样高。as.as中间用形容词或副词的原级。其否定结构为：not as/so.as意为“不如”。eg：Mike can speak Chinese as well as Li Ming. 迈克说汉语可以和李明说得一样好。 Jack doesn't run as/so fast as Nick. 杰克没有尼克跑得快。as.as还可用在某些固定结构中：as.as possible/sb.can 尽可能as long as 只要as far

16、 as 就来说as soon as 一就知识点三：语法：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别时态现在完成时一般过去时概念表示在以前某个时间已经发生的行为活动曾经做过的事情对目前的影响一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作结构have / has donedid时间状语yet, recently, already, so far, by now, just, for + 一段时间，since+时间点ago, yesterday, last week, just now, long long ago, once upon a time, the day before yesterday例句The scientists have not heard it yet.I have already read the book twice.She has just heard the news.Mike hasn't come yet.We had a football match last week.注意：牢记现在完成时的时间状语瞬间动词的完成时不能接一段时间when不能与现在完成时连用区分have/ has been (to) 去没去过 have / has gone (to)去了，没回来