高中英语语法动词不定式

1、主要从以下几个方面讲述 1. 不定式在句中充当的成分及练习（计划一课时） 2. 不定式的时态 3. 不定式的主动与被动 4. 特殊情况计划一课时第一课时第一课时 动词不定式动词不定式 动词不定式由动词不定式由“to+ +动词原形动词原形”构成，构成，可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语等语、状语、补足语等, ,但但不能作谓语不能作谓语。动词不定式动词不定式To do that sort of thing is foolish。I want to see you this evening.All you have to do is to finish

2、it quickly.We found a house to live in.She came here to study English. I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 主语主语 宾语宾语表语表语 定语定语 状语状语 宾补宾补作主语作主语To master a foreign language is really important nowadays.To give up smoking is right.1.当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。2. 放弃吸烟是对的。放弃吸烟

3、是对的。3.3.用用it it作形式主语代替不定式（作形式主语代替不定式（重要重要） It + be + adj. / n.(of /for sb )+ to do sth(注意用注意用of和和for时形容词有区别）时形容词有区别）拓展拓展 2.It 2.It作形式主语代替动名词（重要）作形式主语代替动名词（重要） It is no good /no use /no help + doing sth. It is no use arguing about it. 1. 1.也可用动名词作主语（更常见，多指抽象性、也可用动名词作主语（更常见，多指抽象性、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常性的活概念

4、性的动作，可以是多次的、经常性的活动；动；不定式作主语多表示具体的、某一次的不定式作主语多表示具体的、某一次的动作。）（次要）动作。）（次要） Collecting stampsCollecting stamps is his hobby. is his hobby. To collect that set of stamps To collect that set of stamps is what he is what he wants most.wants most.作宾语作宾语Fred didnt have any money, so he decided to look for a

5、job.He promised not to tell anyone about it.1. Fred 没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。2. 他答应不告述任何人这事。他答应不告述任何人这事。3. 有时作宾语的不定式过长时，用有时作宾语的不定式过长时，用it作形作形式宾语式宾语，把不定式置于宾补之后，即：，把不定式置于宾补之后，即：主语主语动词动词it 宾补宾补不定式不定式 (make/find/consider/think/等)（形容词（形容词和名词）和名词）I find it difficult to learn English wellafford, agree

6、, appear, aim, arrange, attempt, choose, claim（声明，声称）（声明，声称）, decide, demand, determine, expect, fail, guarantee（保证）（保证）, help, hope, intend, learn, long（渴望）（渴望）, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise refuse, seem, tend（倾向（倾向于）于）, want, wish 以下动词常接动词不定式作宾语，要牢记以下动词常接动词不定式作宾语，要牢记 Remember! 以下

7、以下动词常用动名词作宾语动词常用动名词作宾语avoid, admit, fancy, consider, delay, deny, dislike, endure, enjoy, appreciate, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, allow/ permit, pardon, resist, suggest, understand, cant help, feel likeRemember them!有些动词有些动词+to do/doing 区别很大区别很大 forget /remember/stop /go on r

8、egret/ try/mean/cant help remember to do something 记得要记得要做某事做某事remember doing sth 记得做过某事记得做过某事try to do 努力做某事努力做某事try doing 试着做某事试着做某事regret to do 对要做的某事表示遗憾对要做的某事表示遗憾regret doing 对已做的某事表示后对已做的某事表示后悔悔mean to do 打算做打算做mean doing 意味着意味着cant help (to) do 不能帮忙做不能帮忙做某事某事cant help doing 情不自禁做某情不自禁做某事事作表语作

9、表语（次要）（次要）不定式作表语多表示具体的、某不定式作表语多表示具体的、某一次的动作。动名词作表语一次的动作。动名词作表语多指多指抽象性、概念性的动作，可以是抽象性、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常性的活动；多次的、经常性的活动； ）1. His hobby is collecting stamps. 2. What he wants most is to collect that set of stamps is.注意：不定式作表语时，如果主语中含注意：不定式作表语时，如果主语中含有有do以及以及do的其他形式，不定式省略的其他形式，不定式省略to)不定式作定语，往往表示将要发生的动作不定

10、式作定语，往往表示将要发生的动作。主动：主动：to do / 被动：被动：to be doneI have a lot of work to do.The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.注意作定语作定语It seems that he has no pen _ . A. to write B. to write with C. writing D. writing with 注意如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，其后应加上必要的介词其后应加上必要的介词Eg. He is a pleasant perso

11、n to work with.当不定式修饰的名词与不定式的动词为当不定式修饰的名词与不定式的动词为 被动关系时，不定式既可用主动也可用被动，意被动关系时，不定式既可用主动也可用被动，意义不同。义不同。2. 当名词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，当名词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，此名词后常用不定式作后置定语此名词后常用不定式作后置定语 Betty是第一个知道这真相的人是第一个知道这真相的人 Betty was the first to know the truth1). Do you have anything to send? “你你”送送( 用主用主动的更常见一些）。动的更常见一些）。2

12、). Do you have anything to be sent? “其他人其他人”送送3. 3. 有些抽象名词后面用不定式作后置定语有些抽象名词后面用不定式作后置定语 如ability, chance, opportunity, decision, plan, attempt, way, answer, reply, desire等 例句：The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. I have no chance to go sightseeing.作状语作状语He spoke loudly (s

13、o as / in order) to be heard.They jumped with joy to hear the news.Im too tired to walk any further tonight.目的状语目的状语.原因状语原因状语.结果状语结果状语1. 目的状语目的状语: 常用的结构常用的结构to do; in order to do, so as to do, so/ such as to do, etc.（不定（不定式前面不加逗号。）式前面不加逗号。）例句：例句：I come here to say good-bye to you.结果状语结果状语: 常与常与only

14、, enough 或或too连用。连用。例句：例句：He studied hard ，only to fail the exam.（出乎（出乎意料的结果，意料的结果，only doing表示意料之中的结果）表示意料之中的结果）例句：例句：He is old enough to go to school.原因状语原因状语: 一般用在句尾一般用在句尾例句：例句：Im glad to see you. She wept to see the sight.作宾补作宾补She asked me to stay there.1. 她叫我呆在这儿。她叫我呆在这儿。2.请允许我介绍请允许我介绍Mr. Whit

15、e给你们。给你们。 Please allow me to introduce Mr. White to you.1) 带带to的不定式作的不定式作宾补宾补, 即即 动词动词sb to do sth，很多动词如很多动词如: allow, order, invite, force, permit, tell, want, wish, forbid, advise, persuade, warn, urge, 等后面作等后面作宾补宾补的不定式的不定式都带都带to。 When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _ for a spac

16、e flight. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trainedD 2）感官动词类（）感官动词类（V + sb. + do sth.）see/ hear/ notice/ find/ watch/ look at/ hear/listen to/ feel/ smellI often hear them sing the song in the next room .We watched them play football .The teacher made me answer the question.但这些动词

17、用于被动结构时，省去的但这些动词用于被动结构时，省去的to要加上。要加上。They were heard to sing a pop song.He was made to answer the question.3）使役动词类）使役动词类（V + sb. + do sth.）make/ let / have1. The light in the office is still on. -Oh, I forgot . A. turning it off B. turn it off C.having turned it off D. to turn it off2. She cant help

18、 _the house because shes busy making a cake. A. to clean B. cleaning C. Cleaned D. being c leaned练习练习3. Not everybody has the ability in public. A. of speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak4. Mary is always the first student to answer the teachers questions in class. A. rising B. to rise C. rose D.

19、 risen5 The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating6. We agreed _ here, but so far she hasnt turned out yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met7. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to le

20、arn C. learned D. learning8. Wet umbrellas are not allowed into this hotel according to the rule.A. to be taken B. to take C. taken D. taking 9. George returned after the war, only that his wife had left him.A. to be told B. telling C. being told D. told第二课时第二课时 1. 不定式的时态不定式的时态2. 不定式的主动与被动不定式的主动与被动3

21、. 特殊情况特殊情况动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态1. I hope to see you next week. 一般式一般式( to do ).不定式的一般式所不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状态）表示的动作（状态）与句子谓语的动作与句子谓语的动作同时（或几乎同时）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生。发生，或之后发生。.进行式进行式( to be doing)1.He pretended to be working when I came in.2. He seems to be thinking deeply, without noticing me passing him.表示谓语表示的动

22、作表示谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不（情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动作正定式所表示的动作正在进行。在进行。动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态.完成式（完成式（to have done)1. I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.2. With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank_presents for my dad. A. Buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought不

23、定式的动作不定式的动作发生在谓语表发生在谓语表示的动作之前。示的动作之前。注意注意 A. 动词不定式的否定式只须在动词不定式的否定式只须在to 前加前加 not.My father decided not to take up the job.The teacher told us not to be late again.否定副词否定副词 not, never, seldom, hardly 等要置于等要置于to前前My mother told me never to do it again.注意注意B. 动词不定式之前可加动词不定式之前可加疑问词，疑问词，即疑问词不定式即疑问词不定式，通常做主语，通常做主语，宾语，表语宾语，表语。The problem is how to use the computer.Can you tell me where to get the book?不定式的主动与被动 1. 不定式所修饰的名词与不定式是主动 关系时，不定式用主动形式： Do you have a knife to cut the watermelon. 当不定式与所修饰的名词为被动所修饰的名词为被动关系且和该句主语为主动主语为主动