翻译中的正反交替

1、1第九讲第九讲翻译中的正反交替翻译中的正反交替Affirmative vs. Negative 2Lead-innPlease tender exact fare.n恕不不找赎。/ 恕不不找零。一、教学重点：一、教学重点： 1. 1. 英译汉的正反交替英译汉的正反交替2. 2. 否定的陷阱否定的陷阱二、教学内容：二、教学内容： 英汉翻译中的正反交替英汉翻译中的正反交替3汉英两种语言的习惯用法不同汉英两种语言的习惯用法不同1. 油漆未干。油漆未干。2. 男儿有泪不轻弹，皆因未到伤心处。男儿有泪不轻弹，皆因未到伤心处。3.如果没有他的鼓励，我不会及格的。如果没有他的鼓励，我不会及格的。l Wet

2、paint.l Men only weep when deeply hurt.lBut for his encouragement, I would have failed.4为了加强语气为了加强语气 我们讨论问题时，我们讨论问题时，不能忘记不能忘记这些基本观点。这些基本观点。n These basic concepts must be kept in mind in our discussion.5为了更加准确为了更加准确 他上个学期一直是全勤。他上个学期一直是全勤。n He has never missed a single lecture last semester.I. Affirma

3、tive in English but Negative in Chinese一、英语从正面表达，汉语从反面一、英语从正面表达，汉语从反面表达表达动词：动词：fail, miss, lack, ignore, refuse,withhold, refrain, neglect, deny, overlook, exclude, etc.1. The first bombs missed the target.第一批炸弹没有击中目标。第一批炸弹没有击中目标。72. To our disappointment, he failed to take the overall situation int

4、o account.3. He refused to take the money.4. We will live up to the expectations of our parents.l让我们失望的是他不顾大局。让我们失望的是他不顾大局。l他不愿接受那笔钱。他不愿接受那笔钱。l我们决不辜负父母对我们的期望。我们决不辜负父母对我们的期望。8名词名词：absence, failure, refusal, ignorance, exclusion1. His absence of mind during the driving nearly caused an accident.2. We

5、are in complete ignorance of his plan.l他开车时心不在焉，几乎闯祸。他开车时心不在焉，几乎闯祸。l我们完全不知道他的计划。我们完全不知道他的计划。形容词：形容词：few, little, free from, far from, short of, etc.1. There are few grammatical mistakes in his composition.2. The troops are short of supplies.3. His refusal is final.4. The explanation is pretty thin.他

6、的作文中他的作文中几乎没有几乎没有语法错误。语法错误。部队给养部队给养不足不足。他的拒绝是他的拒绝是不可改变的不可改变的。这个解释是相当这个解释是相当不充分的不充分的。10副词：副词：otherwise, little, tooto, seldom, hardly, barely, rarely, scarcely, etc.1. We may safely say so. 2. His attempts proved predictably futile.3. He evidently thinks otherwise.4. Hardly anybody likes him.我们这么说我们这

7、么说万无一失/错不了。不出所料，他的努力白费了。，他的努力白费了。他显然有他显然有不同的想法。的想法。几乎谁也几乎谁也不喜欢他。他。介词：介词：without, above, except, beyond, instead of, out of, etc.1. This problem is above me. 2. I want a pencil instead of a pen.3. It was beyond his power to stay here.这问题我不懂这问题我不懂/解决不了。解决不了。我要铅笔，不要钢笔。我要铅笔，不要钢笔。他无权呆在这儿。他无权呆在这儿。12连词：连词：

8、unless, before, until, or, etc.1. He will die of hunger before he steals.2. Hurry up, or you will be late.3. I will not go unless you tell me.他宁愿饿死，也不愿行窃。他宁愿饿死，也不愿行窃。不然不然/否则否则你不告诉我，我就不走。你不告诉我，我就不走。13句子句子He was 75, but he carried his years lightly.他七十五岁了，可是并不显老。I. Negative in English but Affirmative

9、in Chinese二、英语从反面表达二、英语从反面表达, 汉语从正面汉语从正面表达表达1. I rode around with him one day seeing how the ships unloaded.2. Now you can unfasten the safety belt.动词动词l一天，我和他乘车转了转，看看如何卸货。一天，我和他乘车转了转，看看如何卸货。l现在你可以解开安全带了。现在你可以解开安全带了。15副词副词He carelessly glanced through the noteand got away.他马马虎虎地看看字条就走了。The Soviet Un

10、ion was unprecedentedly engaged in a missile-building program.苏联正以空前/前所未有的规模推行导弹制造计划。16形容词形容词1. The doubt was still unsolved after his repeated explanation.2. He is an indecisive sort of person and always capricious.l虽经他一再解释，疑团仍然存在。虽经他一再解释，疑团仍然存在。l他这个人优柔寡断，总是反复无常。他这个人优柔寡断，总是反复无常。17名词名词It was said th

11、at someone had sowndiscord among them.据说有人在他们中间挑拨离间。据说有人在他们中间挑拨离间。18短语1. Dont lose time in posting the letter.2. The examination left no doubt that the patient had died of cancer.Students, with no exception, are to hand in their papers this afternoon.赶快把这封信寄出去。调查结果清清楚楚地表明病人死于癌症。今天下午学生统统/ 一律要交论文。193、

12、 Same English Word, with Either Affirmative or Negative Equivalents in Chinese n Im new to the work. 这工作我是这工作我是生手生手。(这工作我这工作我不不熟悉。熟悉。) nThe station is no distance at all. 车站车站近在咫尺近在咫尺。(车站一点儿也车站一点儿也不不远。远。) nIts no less than a fraud. 这这简直是简直是一场骗局。一场骗局。(这这无异无异于一场骗局。于一场骗局。) 204、Double Negative for Empha

13、sisnThere is no rule that has no exception. 任何规则任何规则都有都有例外。例外。nThere is not any advantage without disadvantage. 有一利有一利必有必有一弊。一弊。nIt is impossible but that a man will make some mistakes. 人人不会不不会不犯错误。犯错误。215、Roundabout AffirmativenHe didnt half like the girl. 他非常喜欢那姑娘。他非常喜欢那姑娘。nI couldnt feel better.

14、我觉得身体好极了。我觉得身体好极了。nI couldnt agree with you more. 我太赞成你的看法了。我太赞成你的看法了。nHe cant see you quick enough. 他很想尽快和你见面。他很想尽快和你见面。22n If he had kept his temper, the negotiation would probably have been a success. nSuch a chance was denied to me.n“Be careful! Mind my right arm!” he said.Time to Practice如果他如果他

15、没没发脾气，谈判就可能会成功。发脾气，谈判就可能会成功。我我没有没有这样的机会。这样的机会。他喊道，他喊道，“小心啊！小心啊！别别碰我的右胳膊！碰我的右胳膊！”23nThey resumed their seats moodily.nShe always seemed too busy in the house.nThe stranger had already gone before he hurried to the hotel.Time to Practice他们闷闷他们闷闷不不乐地回到座位上。乐地回到座位上。她在家里似乎总是忙她在家里似乎总是忙不不过来。过来。他还他还没没来得及赶到宾馆

16、，陌生人就已经走了。来得及赶到宾馆，陌生人就已经走了。24nBoth sides thought that the peace proposal was one they could accept with dignity.nThe target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. Time to Practice双方都认为可以双方都认为可以不失体面不失体面地接受这个和平方案。

17、地接受这个和平方案。（把标准化测试作为抨击）目标是错误的，因为（把标准化测试作为抨击）目标是错误的，因为在抨击这类测试时，批评者在抨击这类测试时，批评者不考虑不考虑其弊病来自人们其弊病来自人们对测试对测试不甚了解不甚了解或或使用不当使用不当。AppreciationnI began my life as the son of immigrants and I worked my way up to the president of the Ford Motor Company. When I finally got there, I was on top of the world. But t

18、hen fate said tome: “Wait. Were not finished with you. Now you are going to find out what you feel like to get kicked off Mt. Everest!”n我是移民的儿子，凭苦干一直升到福特汽车公司总裁。爬到这个位置，可以说是上了天。可是命运却跟我过不去：“别别忙，跟你还没有了结呢，你现在该尝尝被从额菲尔士峰一脚踢下去的滋味！ ”n第三句没有翻成“命运跟我说”，而是译出句子深层的意义。Wait 没有直译成“等一等”。译者把Mt. Everest译成“额菲尔士峰“，我们一般都叫做珠

19、穆朗玛峰。译者最后加了一个注，说明即“珠穆朗玛峰”。nIacocca: An Autobiography 艾柯卡自传贾坚一 、张国蓉译 nLee Iacocca艾柯卡是19世纪80年代让克莱斯勒公司起死回生的汽车业巨子。266、Some Traps in Negative Structures1) not. because nThe engine didnt stop because the fuel was finished. 引擎并引擎并不是因为不是因为燃料耗尽而停止运转。燃料耗尽而停止运转。2) cannot.toonThe importance of this conference c

20、annot be overestimated. 这次会议的重要性这次会议的重要性无论怎么无论怎么强调强调也不也不过分。过分。nYou cannot be too careful in proofreading. 校对时，校对时，越越仔细仔细越越好。好。273) all/every . notnAll that glitters is not gold. 发光的发光的不一定都不一定都是金子。是金子。nNo, everything is not straightened out. 不，不，并非每一并非每一个个问题都弄清楚了。问题都弄清楚了。4) both. notnBut you see, we

21、both cannot go. 但是我告诉你，我们俩但是我告诉你，我们俩不能同时都不能同时都走。走。nBoth the instruments are not precision ones. 这两件东西这两件东西不都是不都是精密仪器。精密仪器。285) for allnYou may leave at once for all I care. 你尽可立即离开，你尽可立即离开，我才不管呢我才不管呢。nFor all we knew, the files we were supposed to photograph were already on their way. 说不定说不定那些该由我们去拍

22、摄的文件已在途中。那些该由我们去拍摄的文件已在途中。6) It be + adj.+ n.+ thatnIt is a good workman that never blunders. 智者千虑智者千虑, 必有一失。必有一失。nIt is a long lane that has no end. 路必有弯。路必有弯。( 凡事总有变化，不会永远不变。凡事总有变化，不会永远不变。)29nIn one broadcast Anna Roosevelt, the wife of President Franklin Roosevelt, said, “we cannot be too tired t

23、o win peace if our civilization is to go on.”n富兰克富兰克林罗斯福总统的夫人安娜林罗斯福总统的夫人安娜罗斯福有一次在罗斯福有一次在广播中说，广播中说，“如果想在战后让我们的文明持续下去，如果想在战后让我们的文明持续下去，我们付出多大的艰辛争取和平我们付出多大的艰辛争取和平也不过分也不过分。 ”Ecotourism is really nothing more than the application of this philosophy to the self-enriching discovery made possible through tr

24、avel.生态旅游其实生态旅游其实也就是也就是将这种哲学应用于能充实自我将这种哲学应用于能充实自我的探索发现中，而后者正是通过旅游来实现的。的探索发现中，而后者正是通过旅游来实现的。Time to Practice30n1. 他又不出声了。n2. 我很高兴看见你平安无恙。n3. 一遇到机会，他总是要发表一通议论。Time to Practice1. He was silent again.2. Im so glad to see you safe and sound.3. He would never miss the chance to make his comments.31n4. 她无权签订这份合同。n5. 是重力使我们不致于从地