LED基本原理及历史发展

1、1 led 01/12/2009bpi周鍊周鍊chou lien LED Principal and History brandston partnership inc. lighting designlighting design LED Principal and History 2 led 01/12/2009 Content Introduction How LED works, What is a Diode?How can a diode produce Light? Visible light-emitting diodes (VLED)What should we do nex

2、t?Interaction / Q&A 3 led 01/12/2009 SSL SSL 半導體照明半導體照明Solid State Lighting 用半導體技術製作的光源用半導體技術製作的光源LED Lighting Emitting DiodeOLED Organic Lighting DiodeLED HistoryFirst Low powerBlue & WhiteHigh Power4 led 01/12/2009 50年前人们已经了解半导体材料可产生光线的基本知识，应用半导体PN结发光源原理制成LED问世于20世纪60年代初1962 通用电气公司的尼克何伦亚克（NickHolo

3、nyakJr.）开发出第一种实际应用的可见光发光二极管 1964年首先出现红色发光二极管，之后出现黄色LED。直到1994年，蓝色、绿色LED才研制成功。1996年由日本Nichia （日亚）成功开发出白色LED LED发展历史经历了哪些过程发展历史经历了哪些过程http:/ 5 led 01/12/2009但由于其亮度差、价格昂贵等条件的限制，无法作为通用光源推广应用。近年来，LED制造不断进步和新材料（氮化物晶体和荧光粉）的开发和应用，各种颜色的超高亮度LED取得了突破性进展，其发光效率提高了近1000倍，色度方面已实现了可见光波段的所有颜色，其中最重要的是超高亮度白光LED的出现，使LE

4、D应用领域跨越至高效率照明光源市场成为可能。高亮度LED将是人类继爱迪生发明白炽灯泡后，最伟大的发明之一。 LED发展历史经历了哪些过程发展历史经历了哪些过程http:/ 6 led 01/12/2009LED history http:/ than 指示灯、信号灯、显示屏、景观照明等领域，日常生活中处处可见，家用电器、电话机、仪表板照明、汽车防雾灯、交通信号灯等。 Introduction 7 led 01/12/2009It is now on the way to become the light source for the general lighting in the Archit

5、ectural world Introduction 8 led 01/12/2009Light emitting diodes, commonly called LEDs, are real unsung heroes in the electronics world. They do dozens of different jobs and are found in all kinds of devices. Basically, LEDs are just tiny light bulbs that fit easily into an electrical circuit. But u

6、nlike ordinary incandescent lamps they dont have a filament that will burn out, and they dont get especially hot. They are illuminated solely by the movement of electrons in a semiconductor material, and they last just as long as a standard transistor. How LED works9 led 01/12/2009 What is LED?10 le

7、d 01/12/2009 What is a diode?LED Chip (晶粒晶粒,晶片晶片)LensCathodeAnodeReflector11 led 01/12/2009Window layerInGaAlP active layerBragg reflectorGaAs-SubstrateCathodeAnode 12 led 01/12/2009低電壓驅動低電壓驅動不同顏色壽命衰減不同不同顏色壽命衰減不同已具備配光設計已具備配光設計熱熱, 燙燙貴貴 13 led 01/12/2009 14 led 01/12/2009 15 led 01/12/2009 Vf vs. IfIf

8、 vs. TaFlux vs. IfRadiation Pattern16 led 01/12/2009備註：備註：【1】NGL：美國次世代照明計畫美國次世代照明計畫 【2】OIDA：北美光電產業發展協會北美光電產業發展協會 【3】21世紀照明要求世紀照明要求2007年取代白熾燈年取代白熾燈, 2005年發光效率可年發光效率可 達達80Lm/w, 2010年發光效率可達年發光效率可達120Lm/w, 2002 20072012 2020 NGL OIDA NGLOIDANGL OIDA NGL OIDA 發光效率發光效率(Lm/w) 25 30 50 75 150 150 200 200 成本

9、成本(/KLm) 500 100 50 10 15 5 5 2 壽命壽命(KHrs) 1 20 10 2010 100 10 100 演色性演色性 60 75 80 8080 85 80 85 光輸光輸出出(Lm/Lamp) 20 2001000 1500 N/AN/AN/AN/A比較項目比較項目17 led 01/12/200918 led 01/12/2009效率高（紅色效率高（紅色黃色）黃色）元件壽命長元件壽命長堅固堅固耐濕耐濕耐震耐震體積小體積小色彩純正（單色波長）色彩純正（單色波長）19 led 01/12/2009LED historyHow LED How Light Emitt

10、ing Diodes Work 20 led 01/12/20091、 按发光管发光颜色分按发光管发光颜色分2 按发光管出光面特征分按发光管出光面特征分3 按发光二极管的结构分按发光二极管的结构分 4 按发光强度和工作电流分按发光强度和工作电流分 LED分类分类21 led 01/12/2009 LED工艺流程图工艺流程图1、 产品封装结构类型产品封装结构类型 2 引脚式封装引脚式封装 3 表面贴装封装表面贴装封装 4 功率型封装功率型封装 LED封装封装22 led 01/12/2009 晶片，什么是晶片，什么是led晶片晶片?23 led 01/12/2009 Control 24 led

11、 01/12/2009 Control LED driver integrates analog, PWM dimming controlhttp:/ led 01/12/2009 Control 26 led 01/12/2009The electric energy is proportional to the voltage needed to cause electrons to flow across the p-n junction. The different colored LEDs emit predominantly light of a single color. The

12、 energy (E) of the light emitted by an LED is related to the electric charge (q) of an electron and the voltage (V) required to light the LED by the expression: E = qV Joules. This expression simply says that the voltage is proportional to the electric energy, and is a general statement which applie

13、s to any circuit, as well as to LEDs. The constant q is the electric charge of a single electron, -1.6 x 10-19 Coulomb. How Much Energy Does an LED Emit?27 led 01/12/2009Suppose you measured the voltage across the leads of an LED, and you wished to find the corresponding energy required to light the

14、 LED. Let us say that you have a red LED, and the voltage measured between the leads of is 1.71 Volts. So the Energy required to light the LED is E = qV or E = -1.6 x 10-19 (1.71) Joule, since a Coulomb-Volt is a Joule. Multiplication of these numbers then gives E = 2.74 x 10-19 Joule. Finding the E

15、nergy from the Voltage28 led 01/12/2009Suppose you measured the voltage across the leads of an LED, and you wished to find the corresponding energy required to light the LED. Let us say that you have a red LED, and the voltage measured between the leads of is 1.71 Volts. So the Energy required to li

16、ght the LED is E = qV or E = -1.6 x 10-19 (1.71) Joule, since a Coulomb-Volt is a Joule. Multiplication of these numbers then gives E = 2.74 x 10-19 Joule. Finding the Frequency from the Wavelength of Light29 led 01/12/2009 TheLEDLight.Com Catalog-Product List LED30 led 01/12/2009 TheLEDLight.Com Ca

17、talog-Product List LED Light Bulbs E27 25 Watt High Power LED Bulb31 led 01/12/2009 TheLEDLight.Com Catalog-Product List 32 led 01/12/2009TheLEDLight.Com Catalog-Product List PAR38 70 to 100 Watt High Power LED Bulb QL E27-1W12-DL Spotlight. Standard household or medium base screw-in LED bulb. The Q

18、L E27-1W12-DL is an open face aluminum based bulb and produces a clean white light with no shadows, rings, blotches or other coloration. The QL E27-1W12-DL can be used anywhere in the world with its dual voltage 85-265vac circuitry. Indoor use.LED: 12 x 1 Watt Edison Opto - 30 degree view angle or w

19、idth Voltage: 85- 265vac Lumen: 720 lumen Lux: 110,000 lux Light Output: Estimated at 75 Watts Beam Width: 30 degrees Color Temp: 5500Kelvin - Daylight White Power Consumption: 12.0 watts - 350mA Operating Temperature: 62 C Dimensions: 4.8 inch D x 5.52 inch H Certification: CE Approved33 led 01/12/

20、2009TheLEDLight.Com Catalog-Product List QL E27-3W7-DL Floodlight. Standard household or medium base screw-in LED bulb. The QL E27-3W7-DL is an open face aluminum based bulb and produces a clean white light with no shadows, rings, blotches or other coloration. The QL E27-3W7-DL can be used anywhere

21、in the world with its dual voltage 85-265vac circuitry. Indoor use.LED: 7 x 3 Watt Edison Opto - 60 degree view angle or width Voltage: 85- 265vac Lumen: 700 lumen Lux: 110,000 lux Light Output: Estimated at 90 Watts Beam Width: 60 degrees Color Temp: 5500Kelvin - Daylight White Power Consumption: 2

22、1.0 watts - 700mA Operating Temperature: 62 C Dimensions: 4.8 inch D x 5.52 inch H Certification: CE Approved 34 led 01/12/2009TheLEDLight.Com Catalog-Product List The Edison PAR30L is a 4 stage dimmable LED bulb. It can be activated with either standard toggle type on/off switches, or with sliding

23、or rotary dimmers. The The Edison PAR30L can be used anywhere in the world with its dual voltage 100-240vac circuitry. Indoor or protected outdoor use only. Dimability: 25% - 50% - 75% - 100% Operates best with standard toggle switch. When used with a rotary or slide dimmer in line, flickering will

24、sometimes occur . Please use a standard toggle switch for best performance. LED: 6 each 1.5 Watt Edison Opto LEDs Voltage: 100- 240vac Lumen: 450 lumen with 40 degree lens Lux: 1650 lux 6000k with 40 degree lens Light Output: Estimated at 70 Watts CRI: Up to 90 Beam Width: 40 degrees Color Temp: 600

25、0Kelvin - Daylight White Power Consumption: 10.0 watts Life Expectancy: 40,000 + hours Dimensions: 3.75 inch D x 5.0 inch tall Certification: CE Approved 35 led 01/12/2009TheLEDLight.Com Catalog-Product List Linear LED ModuleHigh Power LED Light Fixture The Linear LED Module with smd LEDs is truly a

26、 Plug N Play LED lighting fixture. It is designed to be installed at a 45 degree angle to project the LED light forward and down onto the counter top, or facing onto a wall and up to the ceiling for cove lighting. The Linear LED Module can also be installed verically facing down or up for display ca

27、ses. The flexibility of installation and applications is due to the design of the plastic mounting clip and the triangular shape of the Linear LED Module frame. 36 led 01/12/2009TheLEDLight.Com Catalog-Product List WPBAR 1M DL Waterproof Rigid LED Bar, Full Meter Length 6000 Kelvin Color Temp., Whit

28、e $64.80 each and less.37 led 01/12/2009TheLEDLight.Com Catalog-Product List Linear Display LED LightHigh Power LED Light Fixture Physical and Electrical properties:Dimensions: 1250mm/49.25 inches x30.1mm/1.19 inch x 22.85mm/.90 inch Materials: Aluminum extrusion with black plastic end caps. Acrylic

29、 Lens Package Contents: Light Source: 24 1 watt Nichia High Power SMD LED LED View Angle: 120 degree Power Consumption: 28 watts - 1.67 amps Illuminance: 1320 lumen 5500K for Daylight White Illuminance: 1080 lumen 3300K for Warm White Optical Performance: 76 CRI - Daylight White Optical Performance:

30、 73 CRI - Warm White Light Output: 165 watts Daylight White - 135 watts Warm White Current Regulation: Constant Current Driver on board Operating Voltage: 24 Volt Operating Temperature: -20C to 40C - Indoors Warranty: 2 year with proper installation and power supply 38 led 01/12/2009TheLEDLight.Com

31、Catalog-Product List 39 led 01/12/2009TheLEDLight.Com Catalog-Product List The slim, elegant yet simply designed Libra uses the new high powered Nichia Emitters with 120 degree light spread to cover an average desk with clear bright light. The base contains the on/off soft-touch switch which allows

32、dimming of the light. Operating Voltage: 24 volt dc, adapter included LEDs: 18 pieces .5 watt (1/2 watt) Nichia Power Consumption: 12 watts Lumen: 280 lumen Illuminance: 1300 lux Light Output: 50 watts Switch: Soft Touch On/Off with dimmer; with multi functions Adjustability: Arm swings 190 degrees

33、to light up a ceiling Overall Length: 15.5 inches; back of base to front tip of the light head Overall Height: 14.58 inches Warranty: Two year from date of purchase. Material: Cast silver coated aluminum Weight: 2 lbs, 7 ounces Adapter: included; 90-240vac dual voltage; CE and UL 40 led 01/12/2009Th

34、eLEDLight.Com Catalog-Product List LED Lighting Fixtures 41 led 01/12/2009TheLEDLight.Com Catalog-Product List Specifications are: Light Source: 18 high bright White and colored LEDs Lumen: 40 lumen white; colors estimated at 30 lumen Light Output: estimated at 15 watts Power Consumption: 180mA - 1.

35、3 watts per Polaris Fixture Lens: Clear Dimensions: 85mm/3.4 inches L with a diameter of 55mm/2.2 inches. Power Cord: 36 power cord Housing: Rust-Proof 316 Stainless Steel. Warranty: 1 Year Pro-Rated if a dimmer is also purchased! UL Certified Not Dimmable Polaris White LED $79.00 each and less 42 l

36、ed 01/12/2009TheLEDLight.Com Catalog-Product List Wall Pack Lights Data for the Wall Pack 150-12-4X, our standard unit.10.5 - 14.8 Volts DC 530ma Constant light output driver within the rated voltage 180 output flood style 1,100 FC, 11,811 lux at lens 650 lux at 8 from glass = 50 Watt lamp 6500K light color temperature - true white high CRI rating 3200K light color temperature - warm white mid CRI rating Max sign area 16 wide x 8 tall at 8 from bottom edge Operating enviornment temperature -40