第7章 磁盘和文件系统管理(一)

1、磁盘和文件系统管理磁盘和文件系统管理（一）（一）检测并确认新硬盘检测并确认新硬盘管理磁盘及分区管理磁盘及分区管理文件系统管理文件系统规划硬盘中的分区规划硬盘中的分区创建文件系统创建文件系统挂载、卸载文件系统挂载、卸载文件系统rootlocalhost # fdisk -lDisk /dev/sda: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7832 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id

2、 System/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux/dev/sda2 14 7832 62806117+ 8e Linux LVMDisk /dev/sdb: 85.8 GB, 85899345920 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesDisk /dev/sdb doesnt contain a valid partition table新磁盘未包含有效新磁盘未包含有效的分区表的分区表rootlocalhos

3、t # fdisk /dev/sdbDevice contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabelBuilding a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previouscontent wont be recoverable.Warning: invalid flag 0 x0000 of partiti

4、on table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)Command (m for help):输入特定的分输入特定的分区操作指令区操作指令m m: :查看操作指令查看操作指令的帮助信息的帮助信息rootlocalhost # ls /sbin/mkfs*/sbin/mkfs /sbin/mkfs.ext2 /sbin/mkfs.msdos/sbin/mkfs.cramfs /sbin/mkfs.ext3 /sbin/mkfs.vfat作为其他几个分区命令的前端工具，通过作为其他几个分区命令的前端工具，通过“-t .”-t .”选项指定文件系统类型选项指定文件系统类型r

5、ootlocalhost # mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1rootlocalhost # mkswap /dev/sdb5Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 2006929 Kbrootlocalhost # cat /proc/meminfo | grep SwapTotalSwapTotal: 2097144 kB rootlocalhost # swapon /dev/sdb5rootlocalhost # cat /proc/meminfo | grep SwapTotalSwapTotal: 4057032 kBrootloc

6、alhost # swapoff /dev/sdb5rootlocalhost # mkdir /media/cdromrootlocalhost # mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /media/cdrommount: block device /dev/cdrom is write-protected, mounting read-onlyrootlocalhost # mount/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00 on / type ext3 (rw)/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext3 (rw)tmpfs on /

7、dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)/dev/hdc on /media/cdrom type iso9660 (ro)1 1、建立挂载点目录、建立挂载点目录2 2、挂载光盘设备、挂载光盘设备3 3、查看挂载情况、查看挂载情况设备名称设备名称挂载点挂载点设备类型设备类型rootlocalhost # mkdir /media/fedorarootlocalhost # m

8、ount -o loop F10-i686-Live.iso /media/fedorarootlocalhost # ls /media/fedoraEFI GPL isolinux LiveOS READMErootlocalhost # umount /mailboxrootlocalhost # umount /dev/cdrom通过设备文件卸载通过设备文件卸载通过挂载目录卸载通过挂载目录卸载rootlocalhost # vi /etc/fstab/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 / ext3 defaults 1 1LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 de

9、faults 1 2devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0proc /proc proc defaults 0 0sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01 swap swap defaults 0 0设备位置设备位置挂载点挂载点文件系统类型文件系统类型rootlocalhost # vi /etc/fstab/dev/sdb1 /mailbox ext3 default 0 0rootlocalhost # mount

10、/dev/sdb1rootlocalhost # mount | tail -1/dev/sdb1 on /mailbox type ext3 (rw)rootlocalhost # umount /mailboxrootlocalhost # df -hT文件系统 类型 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00 ext3 6.7G 4.1G 2.3G 65% /dev/sda1 ext3 99M 11M 83M 12% /boottmpfs tmpfs 252M 0 252M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sdb1 ext3 19G 17