英语辅导：初升高技能提升、强化知识点(共65页)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上开启高中新航程亲爱的童鞋：你知道高中英语比初中英语考试更难得高分吗?初中的英语考试是学什么，就考什么，高中英语考试，感觉是学什么不考什么，每次考试都撒大网，似乎与学的东西没什么关联.建议：1）拓展词汇。 不仅课本上的单词短语句子要掌握，还要把考试卷子，作业练习，课外报刊杂志上重要的单词短语抄录下来，每个人必须准备单词积累本，不断积累，不断复习，巩固记忆。2） 搭建基本语法框架。 高中的每次考试 都涉及基础语法：动词时态；各类从句；冠词；非谓语动词等等。 3） 英语的学习方法： 重复 + 积累 + 训练+ 朗读 + 背诵 为了不让自己在高中的高强度的海浪中搁浅在沙滩上，

2、在暑期衔接培训时一定要认真哟！初升高衔接内容：1. 基础语法部分1） 动词时态2） 定语从句3） 状语从句4） It的用法5） 非谓语动词Module 1 B 2. 高一（上）新课1） Module 1， book 12） Module 2, Book 13） Module 3 Book 13. 考试技能部分1） 高中阅读理解技巧2） 高中完形填空技巧3） 高中短文改错技巧1 基础语法部分 第一部分 时态、语态【时态的基本概念】动词do 的时态、语态形式变化对照表主动语态被动语态一般现在时do ( does )am(is, are )+ done一般过去时didwas(were )+ done

3、一般将来时will(shall) dowill be + done现在进行时am(is are )doingam(is,are)being+done过去进行时was(were) doingwas(were)being+done现在完成时have(has) donehave(has)been+done过去完成时had donehad been+done过去将来时would dowould be + done现在完成进行时have(has)been doing没有被动形式过去完成进行时Had been doing没有被动形式1. 一般现在时：时态标志: often usually sometime

4、s every day on Sunday 等 1) We go to school every day.2)Each person needs water and a diet of healthy food. 考点：1） 主将 从现 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来的概念。：when, after, before, until, as soon as/ the moment：if, unless; so(as)long as。I will not stop my fight against slavery until all slaves are free. I wil

5、l come to see you when you finish your training2）火车、 飞机、轮船的时刻表，学校单位等的时间作息表用一般现在时；The flight to Beijing takes off at five oclock this afternoon.Classes begin at eight tomorrow morning.3) 宾语从句表永恒的真理:He told me that practice makes perfect.4) 表思想感情等动词用于表暂时的情况: hear, see , taste, smell, sound, seem, look

6、, like, hate, prefer, want, believe, doubt, think, suppose, understand, need 等 I m hungry. I want something to eat.2. 一般过去时：过去发生过了的动作，这个动作的全过程已经结束。时态标志:yesterday, last, ago, in 1990Fortunately, I was in time for the interview. The interview went well and I told the company about my experiences and a

7、nswered their questions as honestly as I could. 考点: 固定句式1) Its time (that) sb. did（should do）Ten oclock nowits time you went home.2) would rather (that) sb. did Dont come and see me today. Id rather you came tomorrow.3) 在wish引导的宾语从句中(表现在或将来) I wish I had a better memory.4)在if (If only)引导的虚拟条件句中 If I

8、 had money, Id buy a car. If only I had more time.5)在 对话中用过去时态，表示“刚才。、原来。). Im sorry, I didnt recognize youIm sorry, I forgot to bring my book here一般将来时：将要发生的动作。时态标志: tomorrow, this afternoon, next week, in two days, in 2010, if条件句的主句等将来时的五种动词形式1.will(shall)+动词原形，用以表示“纯粹的将来”和“主观意图 “愿意”和 临时决定1）Go thr

9、ough the gate and you will find the entrance to Bear Country on the other side. (P1, Senior Book2A) 2）Lets go together then. I will meet you at the theatre at six-thirty. (表示“主观意图)3）- Have you told the news to Mary?-Oh, I forgot. I will phone her about it at once.( 临时决定而,be going to表事先的计划 )2.be goin

10、g to + 动词原形，用以表示“打算做某事”或“已经有迹象将要发生的情况。Im going to cut this tree down. It is going to rain. (有迹象表明将要下雨)3.be to +动词原形，用以表示按照计划、安排或表示命令、禁止。1)The message is this: you are to go to the hotel where rooms have already been booked for you. 2) The president is to visit China on Monday, March the 8th.4.will b

11、e doingWhat will you be doing at this time tomorrow?I will be studying in Harvard this autumn. I have received the admission.5.用进行时的动词形式表示将来的概念。这种用法通常仅限于瞬间动词。How many of you are making the trip? Is anybody seeing you off? d) be about to do表马上要进行的动作, 不可与具体时间连用 be to do 则可以与具体时间连用The plane is about to

12、 take off.The plane is to take off in two minutes.3. 现在进行时：说话时正在发生的动作。时态标志: now, at present, at this moment, look, listen, there be时态结构: am/is/are doingIm doing a word puzzle in this newspaper. Im trying to find the name of a famous person. Can you help me? (P. 1, Senior Book2B)考点:1) 现在进行时同always配合使

13、用时，be always doing带有赞赏，喜欢或厌恶、批评，不喜欢等感情色彩。1.)They also have bad teeth, because of the sugar which they are always eating. (P.3, Senior Book1B)2)He is always making trouble.2)现在进行时用来表示目前正在发生的变化和发展中的情况.1)The population of the world is rising very fast.2)Is your English getting better now?3)The world is

14、 changing. Science and technology is developing.4 过去进行时:过去某一时间或某段时间正在进行的动作。时态标志: this time yesterday/last week, whendid时态构成: was/were doing 考点:1) was/were always doing带有厌恶、批评，不喜欢等感情色彩。 He was always playing computer games last year.2) was/were doingwhendid 正在做.的时候突然. We were listening to the teacher

15、 very attentively when he suddenly rushed out.3)-Did he finish his homework last night. -I dont know. He was doing it when I went to bed.5 现在完成时：与现在有联系的过去的动作。时态标志: already, yet, ever, never, just, once, twice, three times, so far, recently, lately, now, these days, for three years, since two days ag

16、o, since last year等时态构成: have/has done1)Mr. Ball has just called on Mrs. Zhu to give her a message. 2) We shall have to make a decision about Ms King, whose story I have just told you. 考点:1)并非所有以for +段时间引导的短语都用于现在完成时. He has stayed ( will stay/ stayed) here for three days.2) He has gone there for th

17、ree days错.He has been/stayed there for three days对3) 用现在完成时说明过去的动作对现在还有影响作用，不用现在完成时询问或说明已经知道了事情的起源和原因, 这时要用过去时. Some fool has let the cat in. Who let the cat in? I did. 4)现在完成时用于when, as soon as, until引导的从句中表将来完成. Well have a rest when we have finished the job. You can leave as soon as your report h

18、as been checked. Im using the ladder. Youll have to wait until I have finished it.5) This/It is the first/second time that sb have/has done the best/most beautiful flower that sb have/has done Its the first time that he has driven a car. This is the most beautiful city that I have ever been to. That

19、s the seventh beer that youve drunk this evening.但: I t was the first time that he had driven a car.6 过去完成时：比过去的一个参照动作或时间更早的动作，作为参照的过去的动作或时间有时在句子中直接表述出来，有时通过上下文暗示。时态标志: beforedid , by +过去时间时态构成: had doneHer parents were dead and had left her a lot of money. Einstein had always been fond of music and

20、 had learnt music as a young boy. 考点:1) had (just) donewhendid. I had just finished the last exercise when the bell rang for the end of the class. We had just got to school when it began to rain.2) Hardly had sb. done.whendid No sooner had sb donethandid 刚一做了. 就. Hardly had I had time to speak when

21、he turned to rush out.7 过去将来时：以过去某一时间为参照，将要发生的动作。在宾语从句中由于时态呼应的要求，经常会用到过去将来时。I thought it was going to be fun.8 现在完成进行时： 由过去开始，延续到现在并且可能继续进行的动作。现在完成进行时在句子中一般可以翻译成“一直”。时态构成: have/has been doing .People have been talking of it a lot recently. 1)Pippas parents have been waiting for them.2)For years we h

22、ave been dreaming better housing and jobs. (-3)-you look tired now.-Yes, I have been painting the house.关于时态须熟记的几个固定句型:1. 祈使句, and/or+ 将来时1） Use your head and you will find a way.2） Give blood if possible and many lives will be saved.3） Dont move,or I will fire.2. be always/forever/constantly doing3

23、. This/It is the first/second time that sb. have/has donethe+最高级 4. That/It was the first/second time that sb. had donethe+最高级 5. was/were doing was/were on/atwas/were going to do whendidwas/were about to dohad (just) done6. Hardly had sb. done.whendid No sooner had sb donethandid6. Make sure/Check

24、that sb do不用被动语态的情况1) 不及物动词没有被动语态. die, happen, take place, occur, break out, appear, disappear等2) 主动表被动的集中情况:a. 系动词look, sound, smell, taste, feel, keep, stay, remain, get, become + adj.The steel feels cold.The food has gone bad.b. 表示开始,结束，运动的动词,如begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut,

25、run, move等.Work begins at eight in the morning.The shop closes at 6 pm every day.c. 表示主语的某种特征的动词,如read, write, sell, wash, wear, lock, dry, cook+ adv.This coat dries easily.Nylon cleans easily.d. hang, prove, increase, improveMy coat is hanging behind the door. His theory proves right. e. be+adj, to

26、 doEnglish is not so difficult to learn.This problem is hard to work out.f. Sth be worth doingg. Sth need doing ( to be done)The room needs cleaning/ to be done.A 基础训练1. Hundreds of jobs _ if the factory closes. A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose 2. A new cinema _ here. They hope to fi

27、nish it next month. A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built 3. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change 4. I wonder why Jenny _ us recently. We should have hear

28、d from her by now. A. hasnt written B. doesnt write C. wont write D. hadnt written 5 . My uncle _ until he was forty five. A. married B. didnt marry C. was not marrying D. would marry 6. When will you come to see me, Dad ? I will go to see you when you _ the training course. A. will have finished B.

29、 will finish C. are finishing D. finish 7. At this time tomorrow _ over the Atlantic. A. were going to fly B. well be flying C. well fly D. were to fly 8 . The news came as no surprise to me. I _ for some time that the factory was going to shut down. A. had known B. knew C. have known D. know 9. Let

30、s keep to the point or we _ any decisions. A. will never reach B. have never reached C. never reach D. never reached10. My mind wasnt on what he was saying, so Im afraid I _ half of it. A. was missing B. had missed C. will miss D. missed B高考真题1：Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy ta

31、sk because technology _ so rapidly. A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change2. How long _ at this job ? Since 1990. w。w。w.k。s。5。u.c。o。m w。w。w.k。s。5。u.c。o。m w。w。w.k。s。5。u.c。o。m w。w。w.k。s。5。u.c。o。mA. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. will

32、you be employed 3 With the rapid growth of population, the city _ in all directions in the past five years. A. spreads B. has spread C. spread D. had spread 4 The price _, but I doubt whether it will remain so. A. went down B. will go down C. has gone down D. was going down 5. . You havent said a wo

33、rd about my new coat , Brenda. Do you like it ? Im sorry, I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. A. wasnt saying B. dont say C. wont say D. didnt say 6 With the rapid growth of population, the city _ in all directions in the past five years. A. spreads B. has spread C. sp

34、read D. had spread 7 Why dont you put the meat in the fridge ? It will _ fresh for several days. A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed 8 . The news came as no surprise to me. I _ for some time that the factory was going to shut down. A. had known B. knew C. have known D. know 9 . No one

35、in the department but Tom and I _ that the director is going to resign. A. knows B. know C. have known D. am to know 10. The number of people hurt in the traffic accident _ to 95, the news agency reports. A. has increasedB. have increasedC. has been increased D. have been increased11- My flight _ .

36、I'd better be on my way. Goodbye.- Bye. Happy landing!A. was announced B. is being announced C. has announced D. is announced12-Were you told to attend the meeting? I didnt see you anyway.- , but I had an accident on the way.AI was goingBI wouldCI should haveDId like to13. It seems that you _ th

37、is report or you can see what I questioned just now.A. dont readB. didnt readC. havent readD. hadnt read14. Did you see a man in black pass by just now? No, sir. I _ a newspaper. （四川卷）A. read B. was reading C. would read D. am reading15. Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. I think

38、so. He _ for it for months. （江苏卷）A. is preparing B. was preparingC. had been preparingD. has been preparing轻松一刻Not long after an old Chinese woman came back to China from her visit to her daughter in the States, she went to a city bank to deposit the US dollars her daughter gave her. At the bank cou

39、nter, the clerk checked each note carefully to see if the money was real. It made the old lady out of patience.At last she could not hold any more, uttering. "Trust me, Sir, and trust the money. They are real US dollars. They are directly from America."它们是从美国直接带来的一位中国老妇人在美国看望女儿回来不久，到一家市银行存

40、女儿送给她的美元。在银行柜台，银行职员认真检查了每一张钞票，看是否有假。这种做法让老妇人很不耐烦，最后实在忍耐不住说：“相信我，先生，也请你相信这些钞票。这都是真正的美元，它们是从美国直接带来的。”第二部分定语从句定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 关系代词引导的定语从句1）who, whom, that  这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主

41、语和宾语。例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想你见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）  He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2） whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如：   They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.  Please pass me the bo

42、ok whose cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： A disease which / that had never been seen before appeared in the country The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。 关系副词引导的定语从句  关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）关系副词w

43、hen, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用。例如： 1) There was a time when （in which） I was tired of studying. 2)Beijing is the place where（in which） I was born.北京是我的出生地。 3)Is this the reason why （for which） he refused our offer? 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的

44、谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：   This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.  I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you. （错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countrysid

45、e. （对） This is the mountain village （which） I visited last year. （对） I'll never forget the days （which） I spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。  限制性和非限制性定语从句 1） 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分

46、开。例如： This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性） The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 2） 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如： Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 3） 非限制性

47、定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如： He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。 介词+关系词 1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。 2）that前不能有介词。 3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和whe

48、re 互换。例如： This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。 This is the house where I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? Do you remember the day when you joined our club?as, which 非限定性定语从句 由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that

49、。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如： As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。 The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。 （1）as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。 （2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。 as 的用法 例1.

50、 the sameas；suchas 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和一样。例如：     I have got into the same trouble as he （has）. 我碰到了跟他一样的麻烦。 例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。例如：    As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。    As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.&

51、#160;  As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。 关系代词that 的用法1）不用that的情况 a） 引导非限定性定语从句时。例如： （错）The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. b） 介词后不能用。例如： We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我们依赖土地获得食物。 We depend on the land that/which we get our food fro

52、m.2） 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 a）在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。 c）先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。 d）先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。. e）先行词既有人，又有物时。A 基础训练1.The place _interested me most was the Children's Palace.A. Which B. where C. what D. in which

53、2.Do you know the man _?A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke3.This is the hotel _last month.A. which they stayed B. at that they stayedC. where they stayed at D. where they stayed4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. which B. that C. when D. on w

54、hich5.That is the day _I'll never forget.A. which B. on which C. in which D. when6.The factory _we'll visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. in which7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working.A. where B. that C. which D. there8.This is one of the best films _.A. that have been shown this year B. that have shownC. that has been shown