英语翻译课件

1、Qualifications (prerequisites) of Translators1. A translator must be well acquainted with the source language and target language;(1) Millet made a portrait of Lady Chesterfield, which flattered her. 米勒为了逢迎切斯特菲尔德夫人而替她画了一幅画。 flatter: to make better looking than the reality 米勒给切斯特菲尔德夫人画了一幅画，该像之美简直超过了她

2、本人。 2. A translator must have considerable knowledge of the two cultures. (1) John can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the game. 约翰是可靠的。他不吃鱼，还玩游戏。 英国历史上宗教斗争激烈，旧教规定在斋日教徒可以吃鱼。新教推翻旧教后，新教教徒拒绝吃鱼表示忠于新教。所以“eat no fish”就转译为“忠诚”。当然就要遵守规则，“play the game”就转译为“守规矩”。 约翰是忠实的，他斋日不吃荤，凡事都循规蹈矩。 (2) Then he wa

3、s off to Columbia Business School, where he found his Rosetta Stone of investing. “Rosetta Stone”是埃及古碑，意为“指点迷津的东西”，喻指“帮助理解难题的事物”。 后来他进了哥伦比亚商学院，在那里找到了自己的投资指南。. Definitiontranslate: trans- : across; to or into a different direction or thing transform, transplant, transport, transmit, transfer, transna

4、tional -late : to carry across translate 转化，转移，解释，翻新，翻译 translatology 翻译学，译学 translatorese (translationese) 翻译腔, (表达不流畅、不地道的)翻译文体 translatability 可译性 untranslatability 不可译性Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, firs

5、t in terms of meaning, and second in terms of style. - Eugene Nida所谓翻译，是指从语义到风格译语中用最切近而又最自然的对 等语再现原语的信息。 -尤金.奈达. Three Essentials of Translation 1. The representation of the sense (message); 2. The acceptability; 3. The relative equivalence (closest equivalent)/similarity.1. The representation of th

6、e sense (message) “Translating means translating meaning.” - Eugene Nida 翻译就是翻译意思。 meaning transference 传意性 (1)我不会拖你的后腿。 I wont pull your leg. I wont be in your way. pull ones leg: fool sb. (2)我不会说话，真对不起。 I cant speak. Im so sorry. I shouldnt have said that. Im so sorry.2. The acceptability 译文的可接受性(

7、acceptability)是指译文读者对译文能否完全理解，译文是否明白易懂。可接受性高低直接影响翻译的效果，即读者对译文的理解程度。 e.g. She is a tough cookie. 她是一块硬饼干。 她不是一个与人为善好相处的人。 e.g. Where is the street leader? 街道领导在哪里？ 这条街通往哪里？3. The relative equivalence (closest equivalent)/similarity 内容相似：思想内容、艺术效果、读者感受等 形态相似：用词、句子结构、表现手法及比喻手段等 文体相似：译文必须使用与原文近似的文体 风格相似

8、：译文在风格上应尽量与原文一致III. A brief introduction to the history of translation in China1. The Eastern Han - The Tang Dynasty(148 904 AD)2. The Ming Dynasty (1368 1644)3. The Qing Dynasty (1644 1909)4. After May the Fourth Movement5. After 19491. The Eastern Han - The Tang Dynasty(148 904 AD)安世高- the first t

9、ranslator of Buddhist scriptures from Sanskrit to Chinese（30） 竺法护- 175 Buddhist scriptures Three giants in translating Buddhist Scripture Kumarajiva (鸠摩罗什)- 300 volumes of scriptures 法华经、金刚经、维摩经 Paramartha (真谛)- 49 scriptures 摄大乘论 Xuan Zang (玄奘)(600- 664)(中国古代翻译巨星，中国历史上第一个把汉文作品向国外介绍的中国人) 唐代僧人，佛经翻译家。

10、 13岁出家，27岁去印度 取经,在印度学经传经17 年。回国后主持 佛经翻译1335卷。2. The Ming Dynasty (1368 1644) 徐光启，利玛窦 ：几何原本,测量法义 (from Latin into Chinese)3. The Qing Dynasty (1644 1909) 林纾：巴黎茶花女遗事,黑奴吁天录,块肉余生述,王子复仇记等160余部西方文学名著严复（1853-1921），伟大的思想家和翻译家，其代表译著有： 天演论(Evolution and Ethics and Other Essays); 原富( An Inquiry into the Nature

11、 and Causes of the Wealth of Nations);群学肆言（The Study of Sociology); 群己权界论（On Liberty）； 社会通诠（A History of Politics)4. After May the Fourth Movement我国翻译事业进入了新的历史时期，翻译作品以介绍马克思、恩格斯、列宁等的经典著作和西方国家的带有无产阶级思想的文学作品为主。最有影响的译作:共产党宣言 鲁迅(1881-1836): modern writer and translator.毁灭,死魂灵 and other more than 200 work

12、s朱生豪（1912-1944），著名莎士比亚戏剧翻译家和诗人。5. After 1949傅雷（1808-1966），一代翻译巨匠，翻译了伏尔泰，巴尔扎克，罗曼·罗兰等人的著作。钱钟书（1910-1998）著名作家，翻译家，其译作以宋诗和毛泽东诗词而著名。杨宪益（1914-）与戴乃迭红楼梦许渊冲（1921-）唐诗及中国古代文学作品IV. Translation Criteria Put Forward by Famous Translators or Translation Theorists1. 玄奘：既须求真，又须喻俗 2. 严复：Triple Principle of Trans

13、lation 信、达、雅 信 (faithfulness): 忠实准确 达(expressiveness): 通顺流畅 雅 (elegance): 文字古雅 “译事三难：信，达，雅。求其信，已大难矣！顾信矣，不达，虽译犹不译也，则达尚焉。”(天演论：译例言， 1898) Evolution and Ethnics and Other Essays3.鲁迅：信 (faithfulness)、顺(smoothness) 凡是翻译，必须兼顾两面，一当然是求其易解，一则保存着原作的风姿。4.林语堂：忠实(faithfulness)、通顺(smoothness)、美(beautifulness)5.傅雷

14、：重神似(resemblance in spirit)，不重形似6. Alexander Fraser Tytler(1747-1814) Essay on the Principles of Translation 论翻译的原则系统翻译研究的开端Three principles of translation:1) The translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. 译作应该完全传达原作的思想2) The style and manner of writing should b

15、e of the same character with that of the original. 译作的风格与笔调应当与原作保持一致3) The translation should have all the ease of original composition. 译作应当和原作一样流畅. Translation Strategies Literal Translation and Liberal/Free Translation1. Literal Translation and Liberal/Free TranslationLiteral translation, also ca

16、lled word-for-word translation, is ideally the segmentation of the source language text into individual words and target language rendering of those word-segments one at a time. 直译法：把忠实于原文的内容放在第一位，把忠实于原文的形式放在第二位，把通顺的译文形式放在第三位。 wash ones hands 洗手 armed to the teeth 武装到牙齿brain wash; crocodile tears; c

17、hain reaction; win-win; wait-and-see attitude; black market;dollar diplomacy; window of the worldStill waters run deep. 意译法：把忠实于原文的内容放在第一位，把通顺的译文形式放在第二位，不拘泥于原文的形式。 wash ones hands of = refuse to have anything more to do with or accept responsibility for 撒手不管、不再过问 fight it out 打个分晓、见个高低、决一雌雄、打个你死我活 1

18、. Dont cross the bridge till you get to it. 不必担心过早。/不必自寻烦恼。 2. Do you see any green in my eye? 你以为我是好欺骗的吗？ 3. Wet paint 油漆未干 4. 马到成功 with success immediately/gain an immediate victory 5. 望子成龙 long to see ones son succeed in life6. 破釜沉舟 burn ones boats/ cut off all means of retreat7. technical know-h

19、ow; (技术秘诀)8. to talk shop all the time; (说行话，三句话不离本行)9. a land flowing with milk and honey; (鱼米之乡)10. It rains cats and dogs. (下倾盆大雨)11. Gone with the Wind (乱世佳人)12. Forrest Gump (阿甘正传)13. Oliver Twist (雾都孤儿) 1. Valuable left in full view can be open invitation to theft. 直译：把贵重物品放在显眼处，等于是给小偷发请帖。 意译：

20、应妥善保管贵重物品，以防被盗。 2. Every life has its roses and thorns. 直译：每个人的生活都既有玫瑰，又有荆棘。 意译：生活总是有苦有乐，甘苦参半。 3. Many of these fine products are in stock, ready for your purchase. 直译：这许多优良产品有现货，准备你来订购。 意译：上述多种优质产品，备有现货，欢迎订购。 酸雨 盲点 热狗 马力 停火 实事求是 战争机器 国家栋梁 僧多粥少 摸老虎屁股 cold war hot line golden age life line acid rain

21、blind spot hot dog horse power cease fire seeking truth from facts war machine a pillar of the state Many monks, little gruel. to touch a tigers backside 冷 战 热 线 黄金时代 生命线 1 restroom 2 greenhouse 3 public house 4 blood bank 5 Milky Way 6 Play boy 7 Freeway 8 as old as the hills 9 green-eyed 公 厕 温 室 酒

22、 馆 血 库 银 河 花花公子 高速公路 古老的、陈旧不堪的 红 眼 10 think aloud 11gentlemans agreement 12 maiden work 13 paper tiger 14 green wood heroes 15 lose face 16 蜜 月 17 时间隧道 18 略知一二 自言自语 君子协定 处女作 纸老虎 绿林好汉 丢 脸 honeymoon time tunnel to know one or two things about it 1. It rains cats and dogs. 大雨滂沱。 2. It is better for the

23、 doer to undo what he has done. 解铃还须系铃人。 3. Weve been driven to it. 逼上梁山。 4. 打开窗户说亮话。 Lets speak frankly. /To put all cards on the table. 5. The man is the black sheep of the family. 这个男子是家里的败家子。 6. The child is father of the man. 三岁看到老。 7. One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy. 一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚没水吃。 8. 惭愧，惭愧！ Im