选修六unit3知识点

1、U3(选修六)1. abuse n.滥用,妄用；虐待，辱骂 弊病，陋习vt. 滥用 ,妄用 ,虐待e.g. He abused his power while in office. 他在职时滥用权力。Those captives were physically abused那些俘虏遭受了肉体上的摧残drug abuse 滥用毒品child abuse 虐待儿童abuse one ' s positiopno/wer 滥用职权 /权利abuse a privilege 滥用特权2. stress1n. CD压力；重音連读be under (the) stress (of) 在压力下suf

2、fer from stress 遭受压力The stresses and strainsof modern life 现代生活的 压力和紧张 .D2 强调 , 重要性e.g. Some school lay / put /place stress on foreign language education.2 vt. 加压力于 ； 重读； 强调e.g. He stressed the importance of the task.3. ban1n.禁令，禁止a ban on sth2vt.禁止，取缔ban sb. from (doing) sth. 公布禁令Put/impose a ban 颁

3、发 /解除禁令lift a ban 确立禁令e.g. Our government has put/ imposed a ban on plastic bags.4. due to 归因于 , 归功于e.g. The accident is due to your careless driving. 那意外事故归因于你驾驶不小心。 be due to do sth 定于某时做某事e.g. He is due to speak at the meeting tomorrow 可以被 caused by 所代替The train is due in five minutes.( 预定的，预期的My

4、 rent isn 'U e till Wednesday.到期的，立即支付的In due course 在适当的时候after due consideration 经适当考虑之后拓展：because of由“，较口语化，只作状语 owing to较正式，须用逗号与主句隔开 thanks to多亏了 ，多用于正面的意义 as a result of 因为"as a result副短，因'此therefore副词，因'此so并列连词，因此because of ,due to , owing to , on account of 禾口 thanks to 的用法比

5、拟这一词都表示 由于的意思，在使用时应该注意以下区别：1. because of意为 由于，因为，强调因果关系，在句中仅作状语，修饰句中的一局部，与 其他成分不用逗号隔开。女口： We must not get discouraged because of such a minor setback.我们决不可因为这样一个小小的挫折而灰心丧气。2. owing to与because of一样，也强调因果关系，除作状语外，也可作表语。作状语时修饰整个句子，可在句首或句末，用逗号隔开。女口：They decided to cancel the flight , owing to the storm.

6、由于这场暴风雨，他们决定取消这个航班。His death was owing to an accide nt . 他 死 于一场 事 故。3. due to引出造成后果的原因，在句中作表语、状语和定语。作表语和状语时与owing to同义，作状语时，一般不与其他成分隔开。不用于句首。女口：This accident was due to owing tohis careless driving .这次车祸是由于他开车疏忽大意造成的。He arrived late due to owi ng tothe storm . 由于暴风雨他来晚了。Mistakes due to careless nes

7、s may have seriouscon seque nces由于疏忽大意造成的错误可能带来严重的后果。4. on account of与because of, owing to同义，但语气较为正式。可作状语、表语，不作定 语。如：He could not come on account of his illness .他因病不能前来。That was on account of l ack of exercise .那是由于缺乏锻炼。5. thanks to表示 幸亏，多亏多用于表达正面意思，相当于感谢，在句中作状语和表语。 如：Thanks to your advice , much t

8、rouble was saved . 多亏你的建议，减少了许多麻烦。1The wire 金属丝is tougher than that.坚韧的，不易磨损的2You need to be tough enough to survive 生存 in the jungle.坚忍不拔的，吃苦耐劳的3a tough criminal罪犯粗暴的，凶暴的4tough measures to deal with terrorism 恐怖主义强硬的，严厉的5a tough assignment 任务 / problem / choice棘手的，困难的6a tough steak牛排硬的，老的1) V.1. Th

9、e dress doesn fit me.适合2. We can 'fittany more chairs into the room. 容纳3. be fitted with han dies安装4. His ideas did not quite fit in with our aims. 他的想法和我们的目标不完全一致。(与相一致，相协调2) Adj.keep fit 保持健康be fit for / to do 对.适宜The book is fit (suitable) for children.The fresh air is fit to breath .反义词： unf

10、itbe unfit for / to do区分 fit , suit, matchThese shoes don 't fit me. Have youagloatrger size? 这鞋我穿不适宜。你们有大点的吗？ That haircut suits you. 那种发型很适合你。The carpets should match the curtains. 地毯应该和窗帘相配。You can 't match him in his knowledgoef wild plants. 在野生植物知识方面，你无法与他相比。7. addicted adj. 对某“某上瘾,沉“湎于

11、某某e.g. My children have become hopelessly addicted to television. 我的几个孩子都成了电视 迷, 简直不可救药了。构词法：addict n. 吸毒成瘾的人addiction n. 沉湎、成瘾addictive adj. 使人上瘾的addict 常用于以下结构：addict oneself to sth. 沉溺于某物be addicted to sth.专心做某事；上了.的瘾be addicted to doing sth.Eg.The parents felt helpless when they found their son

12、had drug for long.A. addicted B. addicted to C. addicted himself D. been addicted to8. accustom v.使人习惯于、养成习惯e.g. She found it necessary to accustom her child to getting up early. 她觉得有必要让孩子养成早 起的好习惯。常用句式：1) accustom+ 名词 /on eself + to+ 名eg.Children are quick to accustom themselves to 适应 新环境。2) be acc

13、ustomed to +名词e.g. I am accustomed to walking long distances. 我习惯与长距离步行。3) get/become/be accustomed to +名词e.g. You will soon get accustomed to the job. 你将会习惯于这个工作。 同义词组： be / get / become used to注意 :在英语中，to有时为动词不定式符号，后跟动词原形；有时用作介词，后跟名词、代词、或动 名词。下面的这些短语中的 to 均为介词。stick to 坚持lead to 导致， 通向sentence sb.

14、 to 宣判某人 come to 谈到， 涉及be up to 总计be opposed to / object to be attached to look forward to contribute to when it comes todevoteto致力于反对adjust (adapt) topay attention toturn topay a visit to 参观see to 处理，负责 get down to 开始 /着手 be devoted to 致力于，献身于 be exposed toattend toadmit to9. withdraw v.withdrawal

15、n.The general refused to withdraw his troops. 收回，撤回She withdrew all her savings and left the country. 取钱，提款10. quit v.过去式和过去分词一 quit,现在分词一quitting, +doing形式，表 停止做e.g. She quit smoking when she got pregnant. 她一怀孕就戒了烟。归类记忆 :以下动词只能用 -ing 形式作宾语admit， advise， allow， appreciate， avoid， consider， deny ， fo

16、rbid( 禁止 )， fancy( 想象 )， finish， keep， mention， mind， miss， pardon， permit， prevent， delay， dislike， enjoy， escape， excuse， imagine， postp one(推迟),practice, quit, resist(抵抗),risk , suggest, tolerate, un dersta ndeg：I knew it was time to quit smoking.It is/was time (for sb) to do sth. t ' s time

17、for us to study hard该是我们认真学习的时候了It is (high/about) time that sb. did/should do sth. should 不可省It is/was)the first (second s) bti.mheavthea/htas/had done sth.It 's high time thwate studied/should study hard.It 's the first time thmaty classmates and I have got together. 昨天晚上是我们第一次同学聚会。注意：只用于强

18、调谓语动11. do/does/did+ 动词原形，用于肯定句和祈使句中，表示强调 。 词。I do hope so because I want you to liveDo be careful when crossing the street. He does speak English well.强调谓语以外的成分可使用：It is/was that It was when I was doing my homework that I saw him sleeping.It was I that/who saw him sleeping in class.12.neither/nor +

19、be/助动词/情态动词，表示否认的情况so +be/助动词/情态动词，表示肯定的情况。She doesn 't like Englisnhe，ither do I.I have mastered the use of it， so have she.注意区分：so+主语+助动词-She finished all the homework yesterday.-So she did.-她昨天把所有的作业完成了。-她确实都完成了。13. decide1. decide+名词/代词The question will be decided by themselves.问题将由他们自己决定。2.

20、 decide to doLast week， a group of Class 3 students decided to go to the museum.3. decide+从句Let's first decide where we should go. (=Let's first decide where to go.)It is not decided whether we will go there.It is decided that. ：It is decided that we should start tomorrow. 注：这种从句要用虚拟语气。4. 跟介

21、词短语(跟on或upon,表示 就某事做出决定：)Don't decide on important matters too quickly. 重要的事情不要匆忙做出决定。 decision n.make a decision =determine to do / be determined to do =make up one ' s mins)dt(o do14. feel like+doing 想要 , 只表示一次的想法e.g. It ' s so hot toI dfeaeyl. like going swimming. 今天好热啊 , 我想去游泳。 摸起来像

22、，像是 e.g. The material feels like silk. 丝绸 It feels like rain.15. every time在此句中引导时间状语，表示每次的时候Every time I go to see her, she is always busy working. 每次我去看她，她总是忙于工作。 以下用法均可做连词：the first time 第一次 的时候the mome nt/mi nute/i nsta nt/immediately/i nsta ntly/directly.就.every time=each time 每次 的时候last time 上

23、次next time 下次 by the time 到 为止I fell in love with him the first time I saw him. 第一次见到他的时候，我就喜欢他了。The last time I saw her, she was working. 最后一次见到她的时候，她正在工作。I always go too see my best friend immediately we have a holiday. 一放假，我总是去看我最好 的朋友。16. remind v. 提醒，使某人想起 .remind sb of sthremind sb to toremind

24、 sb that e.g. The story reminded me of an experience I once lived. You must remind him to take his medicine ,in case he forgets. Pleaseremind me that I must return the book before noon.17. ashamed adj. 羞辱，耻辱，为难e.g. She is ashamed to ask such a simple question. 相关短语 ：be ashamed of sb./ sthbe ashamed

25、that be ashamed to do What a shame! (pity) 多遗憾啊！It 's a shame (pity) that 真是遗憾.18. in spite of 尽管 , 虽然，不顾。后接名词 =despite)eg. She can't see very iwn eslpl ite of her glasses. (despite) 尽管戴着眼镜她还是不能看得很清楚。Despite (In spite of) the fact that we tried our best, we didn ' t win. 同义： regardless o

26、f 不管，不顾，不理会He says what he thinks and does what he wants to do, regardless of other people ' s feelings. The law says everyone is equal, regardless of age, sex, or religion.Though / Although / Even ifEven though it ' s hard work, I enjoy it.Young as / though I am, I already know what career

27、I want to follow.19. get into 陷于 , 染上什么习惯get into the habit of 养成什么习惯 相当于 fall into the habit of 或者 form the habit of e.g. The girl has got into the habit of playing with her hair while reading. 那个女孩养成了阅读时玩弄头发的习惯。短语联想：get into trouble 惹上麻烦 get into debt 负债累累 get along / on withget away with侥幸逃脱(惩罚get down get in get through get off get ov