动词的时态语态I

1、一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时将来完成时将来完成时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时将来进行时将来进行时现在完成进行现在完成进行过去完成进行过去完成进行时态时态动词时态有哪些？动词时态有哪些？ 主动语态 被动语态一般现在时一般现在时does/ doam/is/are done一般过去时一般过去时did/was, werewas/were done一般将来时一般将来时will/shall do; 其他其他will be done, 过去将来时过去将来时would do; 其他其他would be do

2、ne现在完成时现在完成时have/has donehave/has been done过去完成时过去完成时had donehad been done将来完成时将来完成时Will have doneWill have been done现在进行时现在进行时am/is/are doingam/is/are being done过去进行时过去进行时was/were doingwas/were being done现在完成进行现在完成进行 have/has been doing 过去完成进行过去完成进行 had been doing 2000-2008 全国各地高考题单选时态语态分布全国各地高考题单选

3、时态语态分布 主动语态 被动语态一般现在时146一般过去时4910一般将来时102过去将来时现在完成时3010过去完成时287将来完成时21现在进行时175过去进行时202将来进行时1现在完成进行4 过去完成进行3时态和语态的主要考点时态和语态的主要考点 1.重点考查的时态为：重点考查的时态为：一般现在时、一般过去时、现一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时。在进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时。2.辨别三组时态的能力：一般过去时辨别三组时态的能力：一般过去时vs现在完成时；现在完成时；一般过去时一般过去时vs过去完成时；一般过去时过去完成时；一般过去时vs过去进行时过去进行时

4、3.主动语态表示被动含义。主动语态表示被动含义。动词时态怎么考？动词时态怎么考？1、单项选择、单项选择2、单词拼写、单词拼写3、改错、改错4、书面表达、书面表达考什么考什么？动词时态怎么答？动词时态怎么答？ 慧眼识别慧眼识别标志词标志词 主从时态主从时态须呼应须呼应 瞻前顾后瞻前顾后巧搭配巧搭配 仔细体会仔细体会明语境明语境一一. 一般现在时一般现在时1. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _ the Pacific. (call) (05辽宁辽宁)is called2. I _ ping-p

5、ong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year. (01NMET,30) A. will play B. have played C. played D. play D3.Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 _ off at 18:20.A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has taken A什么情况下用什么情况下用一般现在时？一般现在时？考点：考点：1. 表示表示公认的公认的事实真理和客观存在及事实真理和客观存在及普遍

6、现象普遍现象。2. 表示表示习惯性习惯性，经常性的动作或日常活动经常性的动作或日常活动。3. 表示表示按时间表按时间表拟定或安排好的事情，或要发生拟定或安排好的事情，或要发生的动作。的动作。 标志词标志词： often, usually, occasionally, generally, sometimes, always, never, seldom, rarely, every day, once a year, on Sundays4.(03北京春北京春,26) -When will you come to see me, Dad?-I will go to see you when y

7、ou _ the training course. will have finished B. will finish C. are finishing D. finish 5. If their marketing plans succeed, they _ their sales by 20 percent. (全国卷全国卷II) will increase B. have been increasing C. Have increased D. would be increasedDAWhen If 考点考点4. 用于用于时间条件时间条件状语从句状语从句标志词标志词:条件状语句：条件状语

8、句：in case, as/so long as, providingprovided （that), unless, if等等 时间状语：时间状语：before, after, tilluntil, once, as soon as, while, by the time， the moment/minute, immediately等等注意：注意：Please be seated if you will.Will 用于条件句中表示用于条件句中表示 “ 意愿意愿”二二. 一般过去时一般过去时考点考点 表示过去具体时间发生的动作或行为，表示过去具体时间发生的动作或行为， 常与表常与表示示过去时

9、间的状语过去时间的状语或或状语从句状语从句连用。连用。 叙述一动作或状态在叙述一动作或状态在过去持续了一段时间过去持续了一段时间后终止，后终止， 或在过去某段时间发生了若干次。或在过去某段时间发生了若干次。 说话人没有说话人没有料到，想到或希望料到，想到或希望的事。的事。1.虚拟中表示虚拟中表示过去真实过去真实的情况。的情况。标志词：标志词： last night, yesterday, ago, the other day, at that time/moment, in 2007, just nowwhen, as, 引导的过去时间状语从句引导的过去时间状语从句1.If the weath

10、er had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it _ all day.(08全国全国)A. Is raining B. has rained C. rains D. rained 2. - Hello, Jim, I _ to see you today. Sonia said you _. - Oh, Im OK. didnt expect; were B. dont expect; were C. havent expected; are D. am not expecting; are 3. The discussion _ a

11、live when an interesting topic was brought in.(04 浙江浙江) was coming B. had come C. has come D. came 4. My cousin went to Canada two years ago. He _ there for a few months and then went to America.A.A. worked B. would work C. would be working DADA三三. 一般将来时一般将来时考点考点 将来发生的将来发生的动作或存在的状态。常用动作或存在的状态。常用will

12、/ shall +动词动词(可以由人的意愿控制左右可以由人的意愿控制左右) 根据自然规律根据自然规律必然注定会发生必然注定会发生1.主观推测主观推测或大概会发生。或大概会发生。(I guess/ think/ expect)标志词标志词: next time, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, in the future, this afternoon, later构成构成:will /shall do be going to do be about to do be to do1.(00NMET)- Youve left the light on.- Oh,

13、 do I have. _ and turn it off.A. Ill go B. Ive gone C. I go D. Im goingA2. Population experts predict that most people _ in cities in the near future.A. Live B. would live C. will live D have livedC三三. 一般将来时一般将来时基本构成基本构成：will/shall + do Be going to do Be doing Be to do Be about to do 标志词标志词: next ti

14、me, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, in the future, this afternoon, later1.You will feel better after taking this medicine.2. I promise I will pay you back.shall/will do 一表示一表示“预见预见” 二表示二表示“意图意图”， 决定，决心决定，决心等等3. He is going to be a doctor when he grows up.4. Look at these black clouds- there is goi

15、ng to be a storm.Be going to do 一一. 打算在打算在最近的将来或将来最近的将来或将来进行某事，主语的意图，进行某事，主语的意图，计划，安排。计划，安排。主观性较强主观性较强。二二. 表示现在已有表示现在已有迹象表明迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某种将要发生或即将发生某种情况。情况。5. We are leaving on Friday.Be doing 按照计划，安排即将发生的动作，肯定按照计划，安排即将发生的动作，肯定的安排，的安排，说话之前已经决定，很少改变说话之前已经决定，很少改变。常见词，。常见词，go, come, leave, start, arrive

16、 6.Where are we to stay tonight?7. The Queen is to visit Japan next year.8. Tell her shes not to be back late.be to do 表示表示计划约定计划约定即将发生。即将发生。见于报纸广播，用以见于报纸广播，用以宣布官方的计划或决定宣布官方的计划或决定。表示表示命令，禁止或可能性命令，禁止或可能性用于条件句中表示用于条件句中表示“想要想要”9.If you are to succeed, you should be diligent.Come on! The party is about

17、to start soon.be about to do 表示客观就要发生的事，表示客观就要发生的事，眼下马上就发生眼下马上就发生。Be about to do when （固定句型）（固定句型）I was about to go to bed when the telephone rang.四四. 现在进行时现在进行时 Listen to the two girls by the window. What language _? (05 全国全国) did they speak B. were they speaking C. are they speaking D. have they b

18、een speakingC2.(05 湖南湖南) Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasnt stopped ringing. People _ to ask how I am going to spend the money. phone B. will phone A.C. were phoning D. are phoningD考点考点 表示表示说话时正在进行说话时正在进行的动作或状态的动作或状态 标志词标志词: now, right, at this moment, 上下文语境上下文语境(look, listen)1.2. 表示表示现阶段

19、一直从事这件工作现阶段一直从事这件工作或或本阶段特定本阶段特定的计划安排的计划安排，但不一定发生在讲话时，但不一定发生在讲话时3.Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seatbelts. The plane_. (06福建福建,24) takes off B. is taking off C. has taken off D. took off考点考点3 come/go/leave/arrive/start/get/stay /begin/finish 等可用现在进行时表示等可用现在进行时表示即将即将发生的发生的动作。动作。B4 那个男孩总是爱惹麻

20、烦。那个男孩总是爱惹麻烦。考点考点4常与常与always, continually, constantly等动词连用。等动词连用。这种用法这种用法常表示说话人的某种感情常表示说话人的某种感情，如赞扬，遗，如赞扬，遗憾，讨厌或不满等。憾，讨厌或不满等。 That boy is always making trouble.五五. 过去进行时过去进行时考点考点: 过去某一时刻过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。正在进行的动作。 标志词：标志词：then, at that moment, this time yesterday, 上下文语境上下文语境 2.过去过去某一时间段一直发生的动作某一时间段一直发生的动

21、作. all the time, for a whole day/ morning (翻译成翻译成 “一直做一直做来来着着 ”)1.3.某一动作发生时另一个动作正在发生，即某一动作发生时另一个动作正在发生，即两个两个动作同时进行着动作同时进行着。 其中一个常用在其中一个常用在when, while, as 引导的时间状语从句中引导的时间状语从句中1.- Whats wrong with your coat?- Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me _ on it. (05 重庆重庆) A. sat B. ha

22、d sat C. had been sitting D. was sitting2. - Did you see a man in blank pass by just now? - No, sir. I _ a news paper.(07四川四川) A. Read B. was reading C. would reading D. am reading3. I called Anna many times yesterday evening, but I couldnt get through. Her brother _ (talk)on the phone all the time.

23、 (08湖南湖南) CBwas talking六六. 将来进行时将来进行时考点考点:将来将来某一时刻或时间某一时刻或时间正在进行的动作正在进行的动作。 通常表示通常表示较近的以安排好的事，人们正期待着发生。较近的以安排好的事，人们正期待着发生。标志词：标志词：at this time tomorrow, at 10 oclock tomorrow 上下文语境上下文语境At his time tomorrow we _ (fly) over the Atlantic. (03 北京北京)will be flying 七七. 现在完成时现在完成时考点：考点：1.表示动作已经完成，强调表示动作已经完

24、成，强调发生在过去，对现在发生在过去，对现在还有影响。还有影响。2.某一时刻开始的动作或状态到某一时刻开始的动作或状态到现在可能停止，现在可能停止，也可能继续下去。也可能继续下去。3. 时间条件从句时间条件从句中，现在完成代替将来完成中，现在完成代替将来完成标志词：标志词：already，yet，by this time, just，ever，never， now, before, lately, since, for , all my life, up to now, in/over/ during the past/last few years p139 1. (04 广西广西) -The

25、 window was dirty.- I know. It _ for weeks. A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned2. I got caught in the rain and my suit _ Has ruined B had ruined A.C.Has been ruined D. had been ruined 3-_ leave at the end of this month.- I dont think you should do that until _ anot

26、her job. (06 北京北京) A.Im going to; youd found B. Ill; youll find C. Im going to; youve found D. Ill; youd findCCD4. She _ Robert for a year.(全国全国) A.married B. married with C. has got married to D. has been married to考点考点4：短暂时间动作：短暂时间动作(非延续性动词非延续性动词)的完成时的完成时不不与与for, since等表示一段时间的短语连用等表示一段时间的短语连用.非延续性

27、动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。I have received his letter for a month.I havent received his letter for almost a month. D考点考点5：用于现在完成时的句型用于现在完成时的句型 1)It is the first / second time. that It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the thir

28、d time that the boy had been late.2)This/ That is the best/only/ most that结构，结构，that 从句要用现在完成时从句要用现在完成时.This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 八八. 过去完成时过去完成时考点：考点： 1. 表示表示过去过去某一动作或时刻发生某一动作或时刻发生之前之前，另一动另一动作早已完成作早已完成。 这个过去的时刻常用时间状语来这个过去的时刻常用时间状语来表示，也可以是一个过去的动作或上下文。即过表示，也可以是一个过去的动作或上下文。即过去的时间内两个动作

29、一先一后，去的时间内两个动作一先一后，先发生的过去完先发生的过去完成，后发生的一般过去。成，后发生的一般过去。标志词：标志词：by , by the end, by the time，before, since+过去时间短语或动作过去时间短语或动作2. 表示本打算，计划，表示本打算，计划， 希望，希望， 认为，试图认为，试图 做做 而而没有做没有做 had hoped/wished/planned/meant/intended/ thought/wanted/expected to do =hoped to have done3.固定句型。固定句型。 一一就就hardly/scarcely(一

30、一) +过去完成过去完成 when(就就) 过去时过去时no sooner(一一)+过去完成过去完成 than(就就) 过去时过去时1. The little girl _ her heart out because she _ her toy bear and believed she wasnt ever going to find it. (02 北京) A. had cried, lostB. cried, had lost C. has cried, has lostD. cries, has lost2. When Mark opened the door, he saw a wo

31、man standing there. He _ her before. never saw B. had never seen C. never sees D. has never seen 3.- Did Linda see the traffic accident ?(06天津) -No, no sooner _ than it happened. Had she gone B. she had gone A.C. Has she gone D. she has gone BBA(04重庆重庆)The crazy fans _ patiently for two hours, and t

32、hey would wait till the movie star arrived. were waiting B. had been waiting C. had waited D. would wait(07湖南湖南)Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _ English for a year. studies B. studied A.C. is studying D. has been studying BD九、现在完成进行时九、现在完成进行时&am

33、p;过去完成进行时过去完成进行时考点：考点：现在完成进行时：表示动作从过去某一时间开现在完成进行时：表示动作从过去某一时间开始持续到现在或离现在不远的时间。是否继续始持续到现在或离现在不远的时间。是否继续看语境看语境过去完成进行时：同上，过去完成进行时：同上， 但参考点为但参考点为“过去过去 ”表示动作从过去的过去某一时间开始持续到过表示动作从过去的过去某一时间开始持续到过去。是否继续看语境。去。是否继续看语境。标志词标志词: all the time , for +一段时间，一段时间， 上下文上下文十、将来完成时十、将来完成时考点：考点：到将来某一时刻为止，将会完成到将来某一时刻为止，将会完

34、成Will have done 标志词：标志词：by the end of +将来的时间将来的时间 by the time +一般现在时从句一般现在时从句By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _for London to attend a meeting. (05天津卷) A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left C十一、过去将来时十一、过去将来时We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _ office soon. (93 N) A. l

35、eavesB. would leave C. leftD. had leftB祈使句中的动词问题祈使句中的动词问题高考题点击：高考题点击：1. _ it with me and Ill see what I can do. (98 N) A. When leftB. LeavingC. If you leaveD. Leave2. _ some of this juice - perhaps youll like it. (2000 北京春季) A. TryingB. TryC. To tryD. Have tried3. _ at the door before entering, plea

36、se. (01 北京春季) A. knocked B. To knockC. KnockingD. Knock4. _ blood if you can and many lives will be saved. (2001上海) A. GivingB. GiveC. GivenD. To giveDBDB几种时态的替代问题几种时态的替代问题A：一般现在时代替将来时：一般现在时代替将来时 ： 除了在时间、条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时除了在时间、条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时外，表示现在已安排好的未来事项，行程等活动也用一般现在时来外，表示现在已安排好的未来事项，行程等

37、活动也用一般现在时来代替将来时。如：代替将来时。如：The museum opens at ten tomorrow.博物馆明博物馆明天天10点开门。点开门。(实际上每天如此。实际上每天如此。) B：一般现在时代替完成时：一般现在时代替完成时： 句型句型 “It is since”代替代替“It has been since ” It is (= has been) five years since we last met C：一般现在时：一般现在时(过去时过去时)代替进行时：代替进行时： 在全部倒装句中都用一般时代替现在进行时。如：在全部倒装句中都用一般时代替现在进行时。如： Look, h

38、ere comes Mr. Li. Down came the headmaster.D: 一般过去时代替过去完成时一般过去时代替过去完成时 C: before, after 引导时间状语从句一般过去时代替过去完成时引导时间状语从句一般过去时代替过去完成时 Before he left Paris, he sent a telegram home.对比之一对比之一:一般过去时一般过去时vs过去完成时过去完成时(06重庆重庆) I _ in London for many years, but Ive never regretted my final decision to move back

39、to China. lived B. was living A.C. have lived D. had lived点拨点拨: 仔细阅读题干仔细阅读题干,把握语境把握语境,寻找有用信息寻找有用信息(即过去完成时一定表示即过去完成时一定表示 “过去的过去过去的过去”,若若无明确依据无明确依据,不可随意使用过去完成时不可随意使用过去完成时)Have another try!A对比之一对比之一:一般过去时一般过去时vs过去完成时过去完成时(05北京北京)He _ more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the a

40、ge of 15. has learned B. would have learned C. learned D. had learned(05福建福建)Father _ for London on business upon my arrival, so I didnt see him. has left B. left C. was leaving D. had left(07 山东山东) They _ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go.A. had got B. got C. have got D. getDDB对比之二对比之二:一般过去时一般过去时vs过去进行时过去进行时(2004年春招年春招)“Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on.”“Where was I？”“You _ you