单元2-定语从句2

1、Grammer Grammar The Attributive Clause The restrictive & non-restrictive attributive clausesThe restrictive & non-restrictive attributive clauses The attributive clause & the appositive clause The attributive clause & the appositive clause The attributive clause & the emphasis st

2、ructureThe attributive clause & the emphasis structure1. He is a famous scientist.2. whos that girl in red?3. Ive read all the books that you lent me.4. I have lost my pen, which I like very much.Pay special attention to the underlined Pay special attention to the underlined parts. Is there anyt

3、hing in common parts. Is there anything in common between them?between them?The attributive clause (the adjective clause) the restrictive attributive clausethe restrictive attributive clause the non-restrictive attributive clause the non-restrictive attributive clause noun/pronoun + the attributive

4、clausethe antecedent (person/thing)the antecedent (person/thing) the relative pronouns/adverbs + clausethe relative pronouns/adverbs + clauseThe use of the relative pronounsForm 1:the relative the relative pronounspronouns referring to referring to function in the clausefunction in the clausewhowhow

5、homwhomthat that which which whose whose person(s)person(s) subject/object subject/object person(s)person(s)object object person(s)/thing(s)person(s)/thing(s)subject/objectsubject/objectthing(s)thing(s)subject/object subject/object person(s)/thing(s) person(s)/thing(s) (of whom/which)(of whom/which)

6、attributiveattributiveThe use of the relative adverbsthe relative adverbsthe relative adverbsreferring toreferring to function in the clausefunction in the clausewhen (=at/in/on when (=at/in/on which)which) where (=in/at which)where (=in/at which)why (=for which)why (=for which) timetimeadverbial of

7、 timeadverbial of timeplace place adverbial of placeadverbial of placereasonreasonadverbial of reasonadverbial of reasonPractice: complete the sentences with suitable Practice: complete the sentences with suitable relatives.relatives.1. I know the reason _1. I know the reason _ he came late._ he cam

8、e late.2. Do you know the woman, _son went to 2. Do you know the woman, _son went to college last year? college last year?3. The house _ color is red is johns.3. The house _ color is red is johns.4. This is the best film _4. This is the best film _ Ive ever seen._ Ive ever seen.5. Thats the town _5.

9、 Thats the town _ he worked in 1987._ he worked in 1987.6. I have 2 brothers, _6. I have 2 brothers, _ are both soldiers._ are both soldiers.7. Next week, _7. Next week, _ youll spend in your _ youll spend in your hometown ,is coming. hometown ,is coming.8. Ive tried 2 pairs of shoes, neither of _8.

10、 Ive tried 2 pairs of shoes, neither of _fits me well._fits me well.whywhosewhosethatwherewhowhichwhichPay more attention to the agreement between the verb and the antecedent in person and number in the attributive clause, and then complete the sentences:1.Those who _ to go to the cinema must be at

11、the school gate by 3:30 p.m. (want)2. He who _ the great wall is not a true man. (not reach)3. She is the only one of the girls who _ been to Beijing. (have)4. He is one of the boys who _ seen the film. (have)wantdoesnt reachhashave(1)(1) When a relative pronoun is used as a subject When a relative

12、pronoun is used as a subject in the clause, the verb must in the clause, the verb must agree with the agree with the antecedent in person and number.antecedent in person and number.(2)(2) When the antecedent is the structure When the antecedent is the structure “one “one of +n. (pl.)”,of +n. (pl.)”,

13、 the verb in the clause must be plural, the verb in the clause must be plural, agrees with the plural form. However, if there agrees with the plural form. However, if there is is “the” or “the only very” before “one”,“the” or “the only very” before “one”, the the verb in the clause must be singular,

14、 agrees with verb in the clause must be singular, agrees with the word “one”.the word “one”.Conclusion 1:Conclusion 1:o关系副词关系副词when, where, why的用法以的用法以及与关系代词的区分。及与关系代词的区分。o关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状语，当一个句子能够完整地表达一个语，当一个句子能够完整地表达一个意思时，我们就可以给这个句子加上意思时，我们就可以给这个句子加上特定的关系副词特定的关系副词。oeg. I wont forge

15、t the time when I got married.oHave you still remember the days when we stayed together?This is the place where we had a good time.Is this the house where Mr Smith lives?I dont know the reason why he wont join us.Do you know the reason why he didnt come to sweep the classroom?o关系副词关系副词when, where和关系

16、代词和关系代词that, which的的区分。同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用区分。同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用where，有时使用有时使用that/which；同样是修饰一个时间，有；同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用时使用when， 有时使用有时使用that/which。这主要看。这主要看两点：一是定语从句是否完整；二是定语从句两点：一是定语从句是否完整；二是定语从句中的谓语动词是否是一个及物动词。请比较以中的谓语动词是否是一个及物动词。请比较以下句子下句子：oThis is the park that we visited last year.oThis is the park where we

17、held a birthday party.The Difference Between “that” and “which”.Complete the following sentences with “that” or “which”.1.This is the 2nd article _ I have written in English.2. It is the best film _ he has ever seen.3. This is the very book _ I want to read.4. All _ they told me surprised me.5. They

18、 talked about the teachers and schools _ they had visited.thatthatthatthatthatConclusion 3:Conclusion 3: When the antecedent refers to thing(s), “that” is When the antecedent refers to thing(s), “that” is often used in the following cases:often used in the following cases:(1)(1) After ordinal number

19、 and superlatives After ordinal number and superlatives(2)(2) After the following words: all, only, little, After the following words: all, only, little, few, much, very, none, last, just, any(thing), few, much, very, none, last, just, any(thing), every(thing), some(thing), no(thing). every(thing),

20、some(thing), no(thing).(3)(3) After two or more antecedents, referring After two or more antecedents, referring to both person(s) and thing(s). to both person(s) and thing(s).(4)(4) After interrogative pronouns “which” or After interrogative pronouns “which” or “who”. “who”.(5)(5) When the relative

21、pronoun is used as a predictive When the relative pronoun is used as a predictive in the clause.in the clause.(6)(6) When the main clause begins with “there be ”. When the main clause begins with “there be ”.In the following cases, “which” is always used.In the following cases, “which” is always use

22、d. After prepositionsAfter prepositions to introduce a non-restrictive attributive to introduce a non-restrictive attributive clause. clause. The whole main sentence is the “antecedent” The whole main sentence is the “antecedent” of the relative clause, and there is of the relative clause, and there

23、 is always a comma. always a comma.1. 1.Tell me the reason _ you were late for class.Tell me the reason _ you were late for class.2. Who is the girl _ is speaking there ?2. Who is the girl _ is speaking there ?3. This is Mr. Smith, _ has something interesting 3. This is Mr. Smith, _ has something in

24、teresting to tell you.to tell you.4. The computer _ CPU doesnt work has to be 4. The computer _ CPU doesnt work has to be repaired. repaired.whythatwhowhoseFill in the blanks with suitable relatives to complete the following sentences.5. This kind of computer, _ is well-known , is out of date.6. Thi

25、s is just the place _ Ive been longing to visit for years.7. His mother is an engineer, _ makes him very proud.8. The old man has 4 sons, three of _ are doctors.whichthatwhichwhom1.The earth is round, _ is known to all.2. _ is known to all, the earth is roundas 具有具有“正如正如”之意，搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：之意，搭配的动词一般是

26、固定的，如：as you know/ as you see/as we planned/as we expectedwhichAs一、从词类上区别一、从词类上区别同位语从句前面的名词只能是同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea, fact, news, hope, idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, ordertruth,

27、possibility, promise, order等表示抽象意义的名等表示抽象意义的名词。而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部词。而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或整个主句。分或整个主句。如：如：We are looking into the question whether he is worth We are looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.trusting.我们正在调查的是他是否值得信赖的问题（同位语从句）我们正在调查的是他是否值得信赖的问题（同位语从句） Word came th

28、at he had gone abroad.Word came that he had gone abroad. 据说他已经出国了。（同位语从句）据说他已经出国了。（同位语从句）The Difference Between the Attributive Clause and the The Difference Between the Attributive Clause and the Appositive ClauseAppositive Clause The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room. 你找的那位医生在房间里面。你找的

29、那位医生在房间里面。（定语从句，名词（定语从句，名词the doctorthe doctor作先行词）作先行词）Our team has won the game, which makes us very happy.( (定语从句，定语从句，whichwhich代表前面提到的整个句子代表前面提到的整个句子) )His mother did all she could to help him with his study. 他妈妈尽最大努力帮他学习。他妈妈尽最大努力帮他学习。 （定语从句，代词（定语从句，代词allall作先行词）作先行词）二、从性质上区别二、从性质上区别 定语从句是从句对其先

30、行词的修饰或限制，定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同位语从句是属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步说明和解释，从句对前面抽象名词的进一步说明和解释，属于名词性从句的范畴。如：属于名词性从句的范畴。如：The news that our team has won the game The news that our team has won the game is true.is true.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。（同位语从句，补充说明（同位语从句，补充说明newsnews的内容。）的内容。）Th

31、e news (that) he told me yesterday is true.The news (that) he told me yesterday is true.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。 ( (定语从句，定语从句，that that 从句作定语修饰从句作定语修饰news)news)I made a promise that if anyone set me free I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.I would make him ve

32、ry rich.我许诺如果谁让我自由，我就让他非常富有。我许诺如果谁让我自由，我就让他非常富有。( (同位语从句，补充说明同位语从句，补充说明promise)promise)The mother made a promise that pleased all her The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.children.妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺。妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺。（定语从句，（定语从句，thatthat从句作定语修饰从句作定语修饰promisepromise。）。）三、从引导词及其在句子

33、中的成份上区别有些三、从引导词及其在句子中的成份上区别有些引导词引导词如如how, whether, whathow, whether, what可以引导同位语从句，可以引导同位语从句，但不能但不能引导定语从句。如：引导定语从句。如：That question whether we need it has not been That question whether we need it has not been considered.considered.我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。（同位语从句）我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。（同位语从句）I have no idea what h

34、as happened to him.I have no idea what has happened to him.我不知道他发生了什么事。（同位语从句）我不知道他发生了什么事。（同位语从句）引导词引导词thatthat引导定语从句时，在从句中一般作主语引导定语从句时，在从句中一般作主语或宾语（指物时还可以用或宾语（指物时还可以用whichwhich代替），并且作宾语时代替），并且作宾语时常常省略。常常省略。ThatThat在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当任何成份，并且不能省略，也不能用任何成份，并且不能省略，也不能用whichwhich来代替。来代替。

35、The order that we (should) send a few people The order that we (should) send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.to help the other groups was received yesterday.我们应派几个人去帮助别的几个小组的命令昨天我们应派几个人去帮助别的几个小组的命令昨天已收到了。已收到了。（同位语从句，是对（同位语从句，是对orderorder的具体解释，的具体解释，thatthat虽不作成份，但不能省略）虽不

36、作成份，但不能省略）The order (that) we received yesterday was The order (that) we received yesterday was that we (should) send a few people to help the that we (should) send a few people to help the other groups.other groups.我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。的几个小组。（定语从句，是名词（定语从句，是名词orderorder

37、的修饰语，的修饰语，thatthat在从句中作在从句中作receivedreceived的宾语，可以省略）的宾语，可以省略）从从A A、B B、C C、D D四个选项中，选出可以填入四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。空白处的最佳选项。1. 1.Along with the letter was his promise _ Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas. he would visit me this coming Christmas. A. which B.

38、that C. what D. whetherA. which B. that C. what D. whether2. Luckily, wed brought a road map without_ 2. Luckily, wed brought a road map without_ we would have lost our way. we would have lost our way. A. it B. that C. this D. whichA. it B. that C. this D. which3. There is a new problem involved in

39、the 3. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _road conditions need . popularity of private cars _road conditions need . A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improvedA. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved C. where; improving D. when; improving C. where; improv

40、ing D. when; improvingBDA5. Information has been put forward _ 5. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. admitted into universities.A. while B. that C. when D. asA. while B. that C. when D. as6. The fac

41、t came up _ specific speech sounds are 6. The fact came up _ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old. recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.A. what B. which C. that D. whoseA. what B. which C. that D. whose7. A decision was made _ those who 7. A decision was

42、made _ those who wanted to get a job in the factory would not wanted to get a job in the factory would not be allowed to stay. be allowed to stay. A. what B. when C. which D. thatA. what B. when C. which D. thatBCD8. The question came up at the meeting _ 8. The question came up at the meeting _ we h

43、ad enough money for our research. we had enough money for our research.A.A.that B. what C. which D. whetherthat B. what C. which D. whether9. The reason _ he is late is _ there was 9. The reason _ he is late is _ there was a breakdown on the railway. a breakdown on the railway.A. why; why B. why; th

44、atA. why; why B. why; thatC. because; that D. that; becauseC. because; that D. that; becauseDB强调句型的句式结构为：强调句型的句式结构为：“It is/was + It is/was + 被强调部被强调部分分 + that/who+ that/who从句从句”。在强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，一律在强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，一律用用thatthat，而不用，而不用when, whywhen, why或或howhow；在强调主语和宾语时，如果主语和宾语指代人，在强调主语和宾语时，如果主语和宾

45、语指代人，则可用则可用whowho和和whomwhom来代替来代替that, that, 但是从句中的人称和数要与被强调的主语和宾语但是从句中的人称和数要与被强调的主语和宾语保持一致。这些都容易与定语从句混淆。保持一致。这些都容易与定语从句混淆。The Difference Between the Attributive Clause The Difference Between the Attributive Clause and the Emphasis Structureand the Emphasis Structure定语从句和强调句型的判断方法：定语从句和强调句型的判断方法：若将句

46、中的若将句中的“It is/was”It is/was”和和“that/who”that/who”去掉，而句子不缺成分，去掉，而句子不缺成分，结构完整，说明原句是强调句型；若句子结构不结构完整，说明原句是强调句型；若句子结构不完整，则说明原句为定语从句。完整，则说明原句为定语从句。 1. It was not until 1920 _ regular radio 1. It was not until 1920 _ regular radio broadcasts began.(1995 broadcasts began.(1995高考卷高考卷) ) A. while B. which C. that D. sinceA. while B. which C. that D. since2. _