牛津高中英语模块八语言点讲解

1、如皋中学高二英语第八模块第一单元语言点(教师)Unit one The writtenworldWelcome to the unit1. If you were asked to recommend a book to a friend, what book would you choose? (Pi)知识点回顾：recommend vt.推荐；建议(1)推荐；介绍recommend + n. 推荐recommend + n. / pron.(间宾)+ n.(直宾)向推荐recommend + n. / pron.( 直宾)+ to + n.(间宾)向推荐recommend + n. / p

2、ron. + as 推荐某 人担任(某职务)(2)建议，劝告recommend + doing 建议做recommend + n. / pron. + 不定式 建议某人做recommend + that 从句(should + 动词原形)友情提醒：表示“坚持，建议，要求，命令”等意义的动词，其后的宾语从句中的 谓语常用“ (should) +动词原形”。这类 动词的字头记忆口诀是：I DROPCAPSinsist, demand, desire, request,require, order, propose, command, ask, advise, prefer, suggest。跟踪练

3、习： The doctor recommended that I _stay_ (stay) a few more days in hospital. It is suggested that a lawyer be sent for (send for) immediately.你能推荐一些有关这个学科的新书给我吗？Can you recommend me some new books on the subject?医生劝病人接受他的忠告。The doctor recommended the patient to take his advice.2. Do you think that e-

4、books will ever replace books in print? (P 1)归纳拓展：replace取代，替代，替换；放回原处，退换，赔偿replace = take the place of 取代，代替replace by / with 以替代、替换in place of = in one 's place 代替take one's place = take the place of 代 替give place to sb. / sth. 为某人、某物所 取代，让位于 跟踪练习:所有的书都必须放回到书架上。All the books must be replac

5、ed on the shelves. 我用新轮胎换了旧轮胎。I replaced the 01d tyres with new ones.的。Nothing can take the place of the familyhe had 10st.Welcome to the unit 短语归纳：listen tomusicforentertainmentin their spare timerecommenda book toyour friendin printReading: Appreciatingliterature1. the language used in them is qui

6、te different from the language used today. (line 6-7)它们当中所运用的语言与现在人们所运用的语言大不相同。句法分析本句为简单句，used in them为过去分词短语作定语过去分词短语作定语：单个的过去分 词通常作前置定语，而分词短语作定语常 后置，相当于一个定语从句。He is an advanced teacher. 他是个先进 老师。The play performed by the students wasa great success.=The play which was performed by the students was

7、 a great success.由学生们表演的那个戏剧获得了巨大 成功。巧辩异同：过去分词、现在分词的被动式与不定式的被动式作定语的区别这三种形式作定语，主要是体现在动作发生的时间上(1)过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语 动词所表示的动作之前发生，或是没有一 定的时间性，即表示被动关系。(2)现在分词的被动式作定语时表示 的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的 动作同时发生。(3)不定式的被动式作定语时，表示一个未来的动作试翻译并比较下列句子: 你读过狄更斯写的小说吗？(在谓语动词所表示动作之前发生)Have you read the novels written by Dickens?他是一个被

8、所有人爱戴的人。(没有时间性，只表示被动)He is a man loved and respected by all.听！正在演唱的这首歌很受学生 的欢迎。Listen! The song being sung is very popular with the students.将在明天会议上讨论的问题非常重要。The question to be discussed at tomorrow ' smeeting is a very important one.2. Many people do not read them because they think they are ol

9、d-fashioned and boring, and have nothing to do with life today. (line 8-10)许多人不读这 些书，因为他们认为这些书已经过时了， 让人厌烦，并且和现实生活没有联系。句法分析本句为复合句，because引导 原因状语从句。 old-fashioned复合形容词的构成：形容词词干 +名词-ed middle-aged 中 年 的 cold-blooded 冷血的形容词词干 +形容词词干 red-hot 炽热的dark-blue深蓝色的形容词词干 + 现在分词ordinary-looking 相貌平平的 funny-lookin

10、g 样子滑稽的形容词词干 + 过去分词 ready-made 现成的，制作好的 clean-washed洗得干净的副词词干+现在分词或过去分词 hard-working 勤劳的 deep-stuck名词词干 +形容词词干 life-long 终身的snow-white 雪I名词词干 +现在分词/过去分词 peace-loving 热爱和平的man-made人造的数词词干 +名词-ed /名词-形容词three-legged 三条腿的 four-year-old4岁的 have nothing to do with 与没有联系 have something to do with与有联系他总是说与

11、那个事故没有关系但实际 上他与那个事故是有关系的。He always says that he has nothing to do with the accident but in fact he has something to with it.用下列短语的真确形式填空care nothing for 对满 不在乎for nothing 免费 make nothing of 不了 解think nothing of 对满不在乎 nothing but只是 nothing like 什么 也比不上；完全不像 He cares nothing for money.（不在 乎钱） She got

12、the tickets for nothing.（ 免 费） I could make nothing of （不了解） what he said. She is nothing but （只是）a child. The dress is nothing like （ 完全不同） the one they advertised. He thinks nothing of （认为不算啥）a twenty-mile walk.3. a modern adaptation of Charles Dickens'snovel Great Expectationsappeared in cine

13、mas.根据狄更斯的小说远大前程改编的现代版的电影出现在电影院里。（Line 15）adaptation n. a film or play that was first written in a different and new situations 改 编，改写单词积累adapt vt.使适应；改编；vi.适 应 adaptable adj.适应性强的短语链接adapt oneself to使自己适应 adapt sth. to 使某事物适应，适合 adapt A for B 改建，改造 adapt from 根据改编adapt-as 把改写为有些动物学会了很快适应气候的变化。Some

14、animals learn to adapt themselves to the changes of weather quickly.我将改变我的教学方法以满足新生的需 要。I w川 adapt my teaching methods to meet the need of the freshmen.巧辩异同adapt, adjust, fit, suit 与 match它们都有"适应”的意思。（1） adapt是指修改或改变，是某物或某人 做些改变以适应新条件。（2） adjust是指借正当的判断或熟练的技 巧调整调节以使两者互相适应。你把望远镜调节到适合你的目光后， 你才能看得

15、见。You can t see through the telescope until it is adjusted to your eyes.fit指大小适合。这鞋你穿正好。Theshoes fit you well.(4) suit多指合乎要求、口味、性格等情 况。众口难调。No dish suits all tastes.(5) match指大小、色调、形状或性质等相 配或相称。红上衣与绿裤子不相配。A redjacket doesn't match green trousers.跟踪练习Have you adaptedin a different country?A. to l

16、ive B. to living C. living D. in living 达尔文解释了生物对环境的适应现象。4. Pip ' sister seldom has a kind word to say, but Joe is a kind and simple man, who would rather die than see any harm come to Pip. (Line 30)皮普的姐姐几乎没有好 言好语，但乔却是一个善良淳朴的人，他 宁可死也不愿看到皮普受任何伤害。 would rather do than do轻松归纳(1) would rather do sth

17、.宁愿做某事；(2) would rather not do sth.宁愿不做某 事；(3) would rather后接从句时，从句中用虚 拟语气(用过去式表示现在或将来的愿望， 用过去完成式表示过去的愿望)；(4) would rather do sht.1 than do sht.2 宁愿 做某事1不愿做某事2 /与其做某事 2,不 如做某事1 ;(5) prefer to do rather than do 喜欢我宁愿听我的 MP3 ,而不愿听 CD。Rather than listen to a CD, I would rather enjoy my MP3.与其座公共汽车，不如走路

18、。I would rather walk than take a bus.我宁愿你明天来，而不是今天来。I would rather you came tomooow than today.友情提示(1) rather than表示"而不是"，指两者之 间排除一个；instead of也有此意，但因 of 为介词，instead之后只能跟名词，代词和 动名词，而rather than之后几乎可以接所 有的词类；other than 不同于rather than,它的意思 是"除了"，相当于 except；or rather的意思是"确切地说&q

19、uot;。跟踪练习 -Shall we go skating or stay at home? Which do?A. do you rather B. would you ratherC. will you rather D. should you rather To enjoy the scenery, Irene would ratherspend long hours on the train travel by air.A. asB. toC. thanD. while It was owing to luck judgment the driver succeeded in avo

20、iding an accident.A. better than; when B. rather than; thatC. other than; when D. more than; which 改错： My son prefers to play footballrather than to read books. come to(1)表目的他 是来道 别的。 He came to say goodbye.(2)后常跟 understand, know , realize 之类的动词，表示“经过一个变化过程才发生某事”你会慢慢懂得这一点的。You 'll cometo unders

21、tand it.(3)意为“总共，共计，达到数目”死亡人数总计达 300多人。The deaths came to over 300.(4) come to sb.发生在某人身上；使想 起当你努力工作时，成功就会降临你。Success will come to you when you work hard.(5) come to a conclusion / decision 作出 结论/决定我也许作出了错误决定。I might havecome to a wrong decision.(6) come to an end 结束 会议即将结束。 The meeting is coming to

22、 an end.5. Excited by his move to London, Pip can hardly wait to begin his new life. (Line 41)搬到伦敦后，皮普非常兴奋，他迫不 及待的要开始新生活。can hardly wait to do sth.迫不及待要做某事杰克迫不及待要回家。Jack can hardly wait to go home.= Jack can t wait to go home.6. Pip is bent on becoming a gentleman and winning Estella s love. (Line 4

23、6)皮普决心成为一位绅士并赢得伊莎贝 拉的爱情。be bent on下定决心吉姆似乎决心成为一名音乐家。Jim seems bent on becoming a musician.轻松jza纳 表示决心的短语还有： makeadecision,determine to do sth.bedetermined to do sth., make up one's mind to do sth.7. the author tries to convince the reader to adopt a certain point of view. (Reading strategy line

24、1) 作者竭力说服读者接受某种特定的观点。convince v.使信服短语率it接convince sb. of sth. / that 使信服persuade sb. of sth. / thatconvince sb. to do sth.说服某人做某事persuade sb. to do sth. / into doing sth. / out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事 8. The best part of the story is when Pip makes the acquaintance of the man who gives him his fortu

25、ne. (P5 Part E last line)这个故事最精彩的部分是皮普结识 了那个赠送他财产的男子。acquaintance n. U 相识，结识短语链接make one's acquaintance = make the acquaintance of sb. 结识某人cut / drop one's acquaintance 与某人绝 交 gain acquaintance with 得以熟知acquaint v. 使相识， 告知 acquaint sb. with 使某人了解我懂一点法语，但不精通。I have some acquaintance with Fren

26、ch, but I don' know it well.他是我的老相识。He is my closest acquaintance.跟踪练习Mary is not a, just a (an).A. friend; acquaintancesB.acquaintance; friendC. friend; acquaintanceD.acquaintance; friendReading: Appreciate Literature 短语归纳：(翻译并熟记)文 学欣赏 appreciate literature与今天的生活没有任何关系have nothing to do with li

27、fetoday在当今世界占有一席之地have a place inthe world today发表小说， 每次一章 publish novels one chapter at a time在 舞 台 上 上 演 perform on stage以 为 背 景 set in (be set in)雾是危险和不确定性的象征mist is asymbol of danger and uncertainty这笔钱使他不用为经济问题担忧the fortune sets him free form financial worries迫不及待做某事 can hardly wait to do sth.浅薄

28、的缺点 the shortcomings of being shallow对有偏见 _ having prejudice against一心想要成为一名绅士 be bent on becoming a gentleman一部小说的重要部分 an important partof a novel一篇具有说服力的文章a persuasive essay说服读者接受某种特定的观点 convince the reader to adopt a certain point of view认为是 see as他吝啬的姐姐 his mean sister 相识 make the acquaintance o

29、fWord PowerI.重点词汇：1.main adj.主要的，重要的。这是我到这儿来的主要目的。This is the main purpose of my coming here.【用法搭配】主楼： main building 主要 工作： main business主句： main clause 主 要课程； 主菜： main course 干线： main line 大路：main road【练习】1.Rice is our (主食) (main food )2.What is the (主菜)a meal? (main course of)2. divide vt&vi 分

30、，划分 divide funds 分 配资金 divide mails分拣邮件注意区分 separate【练习】1。那条河在河口附近分岔。2 .他把大蛋和小蛋区分开来。3 .那个单词有两种不同的意思。4 .请不要让这样的小事使我们 分开。5 .我们在拐角处分手了。Key: 1.The river divides near its mouth 2. He separated the big eggs from the small ones. 3.the word has two separate meanings.4. Please don't let such a small matt

31、er divideus. 5. We separated at the corner.【改错】 Twenty is divided by ten makes two.(去才 is)II.短语 focus on对。予以注 意；把。当作兴趣中心【练习】1 .讨论集中在三个主要问题上。The discussion focused on three main problems.2 .把注意力集中在你的工作上。Focusyour attention on your work.3 .他发现很难将他的注意力集中在一件 事情上。He finds it hard to focus his thoughts on

32、 one thing.4 . Do you know the(焦点)ofthe trouble. (focus)5 . Only by your attention what you are learning can you learnit well.A. focus ; on B. pay; on C. focusing;on D. paying; onIII.词语辨析1. Kind, sort, type, pattern, shape, form, style.(1)总的来说kind和sort用法是相同的， 只是kind较正式。sort多用于口语和商业 用语，另外，sort有时含有轻蔑的

33、意思。常 见词组有：A kind/sort of, this kind of, that kind of, all kinds of, many kinds of, different kinds of, various kinds of,等，of后面的名词多用 单数，且不用冠词。(2)说某一种类的东西常用of a kind的结构Eg.他们都是一类的。They are all of akind.我喜欢这种玫瑰花。I like roses of thiskind. roses of this kind=such rose(3)表示同种类的。What kind/sort ofbook do you

34、 like? What kind/sort of man is he?(4) sort含有轻蔑的意思。Eg. How did you get this sort of idea into your head?你的脑子里怎么会有这种想 法？(5) form指较抽象的形式，也指物质结 构的形状。Eg. Ice, snow and steam are all different forms of water.(6) style指文体、风格、写作方式、衣 服款式What do you know about the Norman style of architecture?诺曼底式的建筑风格你了解 多少

35、？(7) pattern 指典型，模型 This is a sentence pattern.这是个句型。He has a pattern wife. 他有个模范妻(8) 8) shape指形状，夕卜形。Have theshape of the letter U.呈 U 字形rocks of various shapes 各种形态的 岩石。In the shape of 呈。的形状， 以。形式They showed us politeness in the shape of a banquet.他们设宴对我们表示礼待。【练习】What s your (血型)？ (blood type)Gram

36、mar1. He is raised in a place with other children who also have no parents.Raise:(1) “养大，带大”He had to raise his children on a small income.他得靠微簿的收入来抚养子女。The baby was raised on milk. 这婴儿是用牛 奶养大的。(2) “饲养，种植”他们靠养蚕等增加了收入。They increasedtheir income by raising silkworms and so on.在这个地区，人彳门饲养牛羊/种小麦。Inthis

37、region, people raise cattle and sheep/wheat.(3“提出”你为什么不在会上提出这个问题？Whydidn't you raise the question at the meeting?(4) “筹集；募集”他们为这个计划筹集资金遇到了很大的困难。They had much /great difficulty in raising money for the project.(5 )“提高，提升" raise one's voice/hand/head提高某人 的 嗓音 /举手/抬raise the priceof提高。的价格T

38、he worker (raise) to a higher position. (was raised)2. Oliver was abused by his new master.Abuse: “虐待；凌辱，”“滥用；舌L用”(1)奴隶主有权任意打骂、甚至杀害奴 隶。The slave-owner had the right to beat, abuse or even kill slaves at will.Stop abusing the old horse.(2)我把照相机借给你，你可别瞎用。I 'lllend you my camera but don 't abus

39、e itAbuse one's authority(power) 滥用职权(权力)(3)绝不能允许他们滥用职权They should never be allowed to abuse their authority and position.(4)不要这样工作，否则会把身体搞垮 的。Don't abuse your health by workinglike that.3. care about "在乎；在意；对。关 心”(1)这位黑人领袖说，他唯一关心的是黑 人得到公平待遇。The black leader said that the only thing he

40、cared about was justice for his people.(2)他只想到自己，不关心别人。He thinks only of himself; he doesn't care about other people.(3)你怎么想不关我的事。I don't careabout what you think.(4)你不怕丢掉工作吗？Don't you careabout losing your job?【辨析】care about;和care for前者为“在乎；在意；对。关心”，后者表不' "喜欢；对。感兴趣”(1)上周我读了那首诗，

41、不过我一点也不喜 欢。I read the poem last week but I didn 't care forit at all我不太喜欢骑自行车，我宁愿步行。I don't care for riding on a bike very much; I would rather go on foot.4. pressure vt.“对。施加压力；强迫”Pressure sb. to do sth. Pressure sb. intodoing sth.他们强迫他释放囚犯。They have pressuredhim into freeing the prisoners.

42、他被迫立即做出决定。 He was pressuredinto making a decision immediately.n. “压力；压迫”(1)公众舆论的强大压力迫使他辞职了。The strong pressure of the public opiniondrove him from office.(2)我们正努力给政府施压修改法律。We are trying to put pressure on the government to change the law.(3)由于工作上的压力，他不能来参加晚会。He couldn't come to the party because

43、 of pressure of work.5. resist vi.&vt.A: “抵抗；抗拒”(1)他们奋力抵抗，但是垠失了大量的兵力和枪支。They resisted desperately but lost a largenumber of guns and men.(2)敌人抵抗不住都纷纷逃命了。The enemy couldn 't resist any longer and ranfor their lives.(3)我顶住了他们想要影响我的所有企图。I resisted all their attempts to influence me.(4)这是一种耐高温的盘

44、子。It's a kind of glass plate that resists heat.B: “忍住；抵制；禁不住要”常用于否 定句，后接动名词。(1)她情不自禁地拿他的光头开玩笑。She couldn't resist making jokes about his baldness.(2)他觉得要克服购买这些书的欲望是困 难的。He found it hard to resist buying these books. (3)在那些场合她总忍不住要笑。She could hardly resist laughing on those occasions.6.deserv

45、e "应得(奖惩等)” “值得(注 意等)”(1)这个问题值得我们注意。This question deserves our attention.(2)他受到了应得的惩罚。He got the punishment he deserved (3)这些看法值得认真考虑。These views deserve serious consideration.(4)我工作做得不多，不应当受到这样的 表扬和荣誉。I have done so little and I don 't deserve such praise and honour.【注意】deserve后接动名词的一般式时，

46、其主语与动名词之间在逻辑上是被动关 系，如用不定式，应使用被动式。类似的 词还有 need, want, require.(1)我感觉到像那样的人是值得照料的。I feel a man like that deserves looking after. (2)他觉得自己不应得那么大的荣誉。He felt that he didn 't deserve to be given such a great honor(3)他们应该被好好对待。They deserved to be well treated.【注意】deserve后接不定式的一般式时，主语执行不定式表示的动作。(1)她应当赢，

47、因为她是最优秀的。She deserved to win because she was the best.(2)凡有足够勇气选这门课程的学生 一定能获得成功。Students brave enough to attempt the course deserve to succeed.短语归纳：(翻译并熟记)1 .分为两个主要的种类be dividedinto main categories2 . 在畅销书名单中 on the best-sellers3 .记实文学 non-fiction4 .(音乐，风俗，戏剧，书 籍。)的流行 be popular5 .(衣服，头发，装饰品。) 的 流行

48、be in fashion6 .小说中的主要人物 the main character of the novel7 .经历一个异常的童年时代 experience a abnormal childhood.8 . 被赶出了贫院be thrown out ofthe workhouse9 .成为一个残忍的主人的奴仆 become a servant to a cruel master10 .受到某人的虐待 be abused by11 . 被警 察抓住 get caught by the police12 . 被带到法庭 be taken to court13 . 改造某人 reform sb1

49、4 . 一个藏身之地 a hiding place15 . 这本小说的主题 the major themeof the novelTask-Project1. emphasis n. (C; U) (pl. emphases)强调，重点They put emphasis on developing nuclear power.他们把重点放在发展核动力上。用法拓展：emphasize(-ise) vt.强调，加强语气；重读emphasize the importance of something强调某事的重要性emphasize repeatedly 反复强调emphasize sth. to

50、sb.向某人强调某事2. homemade adj.自制的；家里做的；国产的They all like the delicious homemade cakes.他们都喜欢这自制的美味蛋糕。拓展：形容词/名词+过去分词构成复合形容词ready-made 现成的man-made人造的new-born 新生的warm-hearted 热心肠的water-covered被水覆盖的3. spin（1）vi.旋转；将（棉花或羊毛）纺成（线 或纱）She spent her days spinning.她整天在纺线。She spun the wool into thread.她把羊毛纺成纱线。He spu

51、n the coin on the table.他把硬币放在桌上旋转。（2）旋转The dance ended with a dramatic spin.这场舞蹈以一阵激动人心的旋转结 束。4. swiftly 迅速地He finished the task swiftly.他迅速地完成了那项任务。5. pin vt.（用别针）别住；（用针）钉 住；固住；压住You can pin your notice up on the noticeboard.你可以把通知钉在布告板She pinned the brooch on her coat.她把胸针别在衣服上。6. talent n. （C;U）才能，禀赋；天才She shows great artistic talent.她表现出卓越的艺术才华。Van Gogh was a painter of great talent.凡高是一个天才画家。He is looking for a way to use his talents.他盼望有机会能一展所长。He is agreattale