高中英语语法复习学案教师版——动词的时态和语态

1、高中英语语法复习学案教师版一一动词的时态和语态 动词的时态动词的时态一共有 16种，以ask为例，将其各种时态的构成列表如下：现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般ask / asksaskedwill askwould ask进行is / am / are ask ingwas / were ask ingwill be ask ingwould be ask ing完成have / has askedhad askedwill have askedwould have asked完成 进行have / has bee n aski nghad bee n ask ingwill have bee

2、 n aski ngwould have bee n aski ng一、一般体考点(一) 一般现在时1. The geography teacher told us that the earth moves (move) around the sun.2. Water boils (boil) at 100 C .“ NO PARKING'3. The careless driver has just been fined $ 10 for stopping his car at a sign that reads (read)4. Whatever you say. (say), I

3、 will not cha nge my mind.5. Don 'try to run before you begin (begin) to walk.6. I 'go with you if I finish (finish) my work.【总结】1 定义：表示现在的经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。时间状语： every day; often; usually; always; seldom; sometimes2. 一般现在时可以表示客观事实或普通真理。3. 在让步、时间和条件状语从句中以及主语是祈使句时常用一般现在时代替将来时。(二) 一般过去时1. - Nancy

4、is not coming toni ght.- But she promised (promise)!2. My uncle didn 'marry (marry) until he was forty-five.3. - You have n 'said a word about my new car, Bren da. Do you like it?-I m sorry I didn 'tsay (not say) anything about it soon er. I certa inly think it 'pretty on you.4. - Co

5、me on in, Peter. I want to show you someth ing.-Oh, how nice of you! I n ever thought (th ink) you were (be) going to bring me a gift.5. - Your phone number agai n! I didn 'catch (n ot catch) it. - It 吉 9598442.【总结】定义：过去某一时间发生的动作或所处的状态。含有“刚才，在过去”之意，暗示现在已经不这样。时间状语：then; at that time; just now; th

6、ree days ago; yesterday; when 或 while 引导的表示过去的时间状语从句（三）一般将来时将来时用法例句1will +动词原形表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态（事物固有的属性或必然趋势）My sister will be ten next year.2be going to + 动词 原形1. 口语中表示“打算、计划”做某事；2. 根据现在的迹象，对未来进行推断；3. 用于条件句中，表将来；而 will不行It is going to clear up.We are going to have a party ton ight.If you are going to

7、 come to my house, you'd better phone me first.3be + doing进行时表示将来go; come; start; beg in; move; leave; arrive; stay 等 词可用进行时表示按照计划或即将发生的动作He is mov ing to the south. Are they leaving for Europe?4be about to + 动词 原形表示安排或计划中的马上就要发生的动作，后面 一般不跟时间状语I was about to leave whe n the bell rang.The meeti n

8、g is about to close.5be to +动词原形表示按照计划或安排要做的事We are to meet at the school gate at noon.6一般现在时表示将 来一些起止 的动词 come; go; leave; arrive; fly; return; start; begin; close; end; stop 等，用来表示时 刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情The meeting starts at five o 'clock.The pla ne leaves at ten this eve ning.【总结】1. 定义：将来某一时刻要发生的动

9、作或所处的状态。时间状语： soon; next week; tomorrow 等2. be to +动词原形的用法：(1) You are to do your homework before you watch TV. = have to / must "必须"(2) You are to report the police. = should / ought to "应该”(3) If we are to be there before 10, we 'l have to go now. = intend / want "打算； 想” Wh

10、at are we to do next ？用于第一人称疑问句中，表示征求对方意见。(5) You are not to smoke in the room. = mustn ' "禁止”，用于否定句中(6) The news is to be found in the evening newspaper.= may / can"可以； 可能”【题组训练】1. If a man is to succeed (succeed), he must work as hard as he can.2. In such dry weather, the flowers wil

11、l have to watered if they are to survive (survive).3. Look at these clouds. It is going to rain (ra in).4. - You ve left the light on. - Oh, so I have. I will go (go) and turn it off.二、进行体考点1. As she was / is reading (read) the newspaper, Grammy fell / falls (fall) asleep.2. The reporter said that t

12、he UFO was travelling (travel) east to west whe n he saw (see) it.3. He is always thinking (th ink) of others first.4. He is always making (make) the same mistake.5. - Have you moved into the new house. - Not yet. The rooms are being pain ted (pa in).6. Shirley was writing (write) a book about China

13、 last year but I don 'tk now whether she has fini shed it.7. Select ing a mobile phone for pers onal use is not easy task because tech no logy is cha nging (cha nge) so rapidly.8. I don 'really work here. I am just helping (help) out until the new secretary arrives.【总结】1. 定义1) 现在进行时：说话时或现阶段正

14、在发生的动作或存在的状态。2) 过去进行时：过去某个时刻或阶段正在发生的动作或存在的状态。2. 时间状语1) 现在进行时：now; right now 等2) 过去进行时：at this time yesterday 等3. 一个长动作为背景，被一个短动作打断，长动作用进行体动作用一般体。4. 进行体表示反复出现或习惯性动作，含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪。常与always; continually; constantly等连用。5. 进行体表示动作的未完成性、暂时性。三、完成体考点()现在完成时1. In the past few years, great changes have taken

15、(take) place in my hometown.2. He has been (be) busy writing a book recently.3. He has writte n (write) 8 books so far.4. He has already turned (turn) off the light. (the light is off now)5. Has the concert started (start) yet? (Is the con cert on no w?)6. I have never seen (see) the film. (I don &#

16、39;know the film now)7. I will not believe you uni ess I have seen (see) it with my own eyes.8. I will go with you as soon as I have finished (fi ni sh) my work.9. 改错 1) He has come to Beijing since last year.He has bee n / lived in Beiji ng since last year.He came to Beiji ng last year.2) He has jo

17、ined the army for 3 years.He has served in the army for 3 years.He joined the army 3 years ago.He has bee n a soldier for 3 years.It is / has been three years since he joined the army.【总结】1. 定义和时间状语：1)表示一个动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在， (也许还将持续下去)。时间状语：lately; recently; in the last / past few years, since then; u

18、p to now; so far 等2. ) 一个发牛在过去的事情对现在产牛的影响。时间状语： already: just: yet: n ever: before 等2. 在条件、时间或让步状语从句中，表示将来某时以前已经完成的动作3. 瞬间动词用完成时态不可以接一段时间的状语瞬间动词有： come; go; get to / reach / arrive in / arrive at; leave; buy; sell; ope n; close; get up; jo in / take part in; begi n / start; return; give; borrow; len

19、d; become; turn; bring; take; die; finish / end; receive / hear form; marry; break; lose; jump(二)过去完成时1. She had learned (learn) some English before she came to the institute.2. He said that he had been (be) around for 3 years.3. By then he had learned (learn) English for 3 years.4. Until then he ha

20、d known (know) nothing about it yet.5. I had meant (mean) to help you, but I was so busy at the moment.6. I had hoped (hope) to meet Mr. Smith this morning, but I found nobody left in the room.【总结】1. 定义：一件事情发生在过去另外一件发生在它之前的动作用过去完成时。时间状语： before;或从句和上下文。2. 从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到过去的另一时间的动作。时间状语： by the n; by

21、 that time; by the end of + 过去时间3. 表示过去未能实现的愿望和意图。如:mean; expect; hope; intend; want; think; suppose四、现在完成进行时1. We have been learning (learn) English for 5 years.2. - Did you find the miss ing couple in the mountain yesterday?-No, but we have been trying (try) to get in touch with them ever since.【总

22、结】表示一个动作从过去开始，持续到现在，并强调现在还在进行。具有未完成性、暂时性和一定的感情色彩。五、固定句型中的时态搭配1. This is the first time that I have come (come) here.It was the third time that he had made (make) the same mistakeishaveIt / Thisthe first / second time + that sb.done sth.5hadwas2. It is / has bee n (be) more tha n 2 years since we wen

23、t to Tumote Middle school.It was / had been (be) ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. is / has been+ 一般过去时It+ 一段时间 + sincewas / had bee n+ 过去完成时3. No sooner had I got. (get) home tha n the rain poured dow n. Hardly had we started (start) whe n the car got a flat tyre.Hardly / Scarcely /

24、 Barelywhe n+ had done +从句（从句用一般过去时）No soonertha n4. The conference will have lasted (last) a full week by the time it ends.By the time I got outside, the bus had already left (leave).现在时t将来完成时by the time +过去时f过去完成时5. I was about to leave (leave) the room when the phone rang.He was doing (do) his ho

25、mework whe n sudde nly the electricity supply was cut off.sb. be doing sth.sb. be about to do sth.+ whe n sb. be on the point of doing sth.sb. has / have done sth.六、高考时态易混点(一) 一般过去时和现在完成时的区别：1. I read (read) the no vel last mon th.2. I have already read (read) the novel writte n by the world-famous

26、writer.【总结】1. 现在完成时“利用过去，说明现在”，不能同表示过去的时间状语连用。2. 一般过去时“仅谈过去，不关现在”，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。(二) 一般过去时和过去完成时的区别1. The little girlher heart out because sheher toy bear and believed she wasn 'ever going to find it.A. had cried; lost B| cried; had lost C. has cried; has lostD. cries; has lost2. - Hurry up! Ali

27、ce and Sue are wait ing for you at the school gate.-Oh! I thought theywithout me.A. went B. are going C. have goneD. had gone【总结】两种时态建立的时间参照点不同：一般过去时是对 说话时刻而言过去完成时是对某一时刻而言（三）现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别1.1 have read that book. 我已经读过那本书了。2.1 have bee n readi ng that book all the morning.我早上一直在读那本书。【总结】两者都可以表示“从

28、开始一直持续到”如着重表示动作的时，多用现在完成时如着重表示动作的时，多用现在完成进行时动词的被动语态以ask为例，将各种时态的被动语态构成列表如下:现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般进行完成完成 进行一、何时用被动语态1. - George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their weddi ng?-No. I (not invite). Did they have a big wedding?2. - The wi ndow is dirty.-I know. It (not clean) for weeks.3. All th

29、e employees except the manager (encourage) to work online at home.【总结】1. 谁是动作的执行者，或 指明谁是动作的执行者。2. 需要或动作的承受者或事件本身。二、使用被动语态需要注意的问题(一)主动变被动时双宾语的变化My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.（二）主动变被动时，原来做宾语补足语的不定式前需要加The boss made him work all day long.to这样的动词主要有一感；二听；三让；五看：（三）短语动词变被动语态时，不可丢掉动词

30、后的介词或副词1. She took good care of the childre n.2. You should pay atte nti on to your spelli ng.（四）情态动词变被动语态，只需要将之后的动词原形变为1. We must preve nt him from going.be +过去分词2. We ought to put the pla n into practice as soon as possible.（五）get +动词过去分词也可以表示被动语态，多用于口语中1. 那位病人一周得到一次治疗。 2. 他从车上掉下来，摔死了。 三、主动形式表示被动意义（一） 系动词+形容词构成系表结构时1. 苹果吃起来味道很好。2. 这