各种文体的summary

1、各种文体的各种文体的summary1.1.完全糊涂地照抄原文，连人称都不改完全糊涂地照抄原文，连人称都不改 的，得的，得0 0分；分；2. 2. 机械死板地照抄原文，只改人称的，得机械死板地照抄原文，只改人称的，得 1 1分；分；3. 3. 稍微灵活地抄原文，改主语、宾语、原稍微灵活地抄原文，改主语、宾语、原 文词序的，得文词序的，得2 2分；分；4. 4. 创造性地抄，改主语、宾语、原文词序创造性地抄，改主语、宾语、原文词序还有句子结构的，最多得还有句子结构的，最多得3 3分；分；5. 5. 结构、用词、词性变化比较好的得结构、用词、词性变化比较好的得4 4至至5 5分。分。2007年广东高

2、考概括部分评分细则年广东高考概括部分评分细则How to summarize a passage:（Choose the proper skill）Skill1: Omit (省略省略) the detailsSkill2: Omit the repetitionsSkill3: Omit the examplesSkill4: Use general(概括性概括性) words instead of specific(具体的具体的) words Skill5: Use the shortest possible transitions (but, then, thus, yet, for)S

3、kill6: Put the main points of a dialogue in indirect speech The Steps of Writing a Summary(1)定时态定时态：如果阅读材料是过去时，那：如果阅读材料是过去时，那么基本时态用过去时；如果是现在的，么基本时态用过去时；如果是现在的，那么基本时态用现在时；那么基本时态用现在时；(2)定人称定人称：一般情况下采用第三人称来：一般情况下采用第三人称来写作，特殊如书信的，可能会使用第一、写作，特殊如书信的，可能会使用第一、二人称；二人称；(3)定技巧定技巧：结合相关技巧，重新组句。：结合相关技巧，重新组句。3 Sty

4、les of PassagesStyles（体裁）（体裁） Functions（功能）（功能）Narration(记叙文记叙文)describe a person or an event, with afterthoughtsArgumentation(议论文议论文)show the writers point of viewExposition (说明文说明文)introduce something, eg. a phenomenonTask 1: How to find the key sentences or key words?体裁体裁关键句关键句记叙文记叙文议论文议论文说明文说明文抓

5、住抓住who, what happened, 及及the writers purpose通常抓住首段和尾段通常抓住首段和尾段抓住首段或各段首句抓住首段或各段首句记叙文：故事的梗概记叙文：故事的梗概 + 道理道理/启示启示1、The passage is about2、The writer tells us about 3、The story is about 4、The author tells us that + 道理道理5、The passage is mainly about the writers experience of 6、The writer tells us his expe

6、rience of The story reminds me of another story that happened toThis story reminds me of a similar experience of I also went through such an experienceIt can be inferred from the passage thatFrom this passage, we can knows that记叙文概要模板记叙文概要模板点明写作目的类：点明写作目的类：The writer tells us（主题）（主题）by showing us an

7、 example of, who/which（故事情节）（故事情节）.作者经历类：作者经历类：In the passage, the writer mainly tells us hisexperience of doing sth, which他人经历类：他人经历类：This passage is mainly about sbs experience of doing sth.议论文概要模板议论文概要模板：观点观点+ 原因原因(分论点分论点)According to the passage, we knowThe writer states/ argues that + 原因原因(分论点分

8、论点)This article is mainly about The article gives the view that should/shouldnt（主题）（主题）.（补充论据）（补充论据）.The passage highlights(强调强调) the importance of sth.对比观点对比观点:The author thinks /argues that .(文章的主题）。文章的主题）。However, (与文章主题观点相反的现象）与文章主题观点相反的现象）The article compares the of A with o f B. A, while B I d

9、o agree with the author.I partly agree with what the writer said.I quite agree with the writers idea.In some way, I agree with the author , butThis opinion sounds right, but is hardly practical.The problem talked about in this passage is worth our concern.This passage arouses our awareness ofAs far as I am concerned说明文概要模板说明文概要模板现象揭示类：现象揭示类： This article points out the common phenomenon -（主题（主题), which.（补充解释）（补充解释）.利弊对比类：利弊对比类： The article compares the disadvantages/ benefits of A and B. Awhile B The passage di