八年级英语Chapter One French is calling上海牛津版知识精讲

1、初二英语Chapter One: French is calling上海牛津版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：Chapter One: French is calling二. 重点句子：1. go on to do 和 go on doing 看上去很相似，但意义完全不同。go on to do（to do 是动词不定式）意为：继续做另一件事，表示的是前一个动作完成之后，又接着做另一件事，常指短暂性动作，不可以与时间段的短语连用。We had supper and went on to watch TV. 我们吃过饭接着看电视。After she finished her homework,

2、she went on to help her mother with the housework. 做完家庭作业以后，她接着帮母亲做家务。go on doing意为：继续做同一件事，表示的是，继续做原来的事情，中间可有停顿，也可没有，多指延续性动作，能和表示时间段的短语连用。He didnt have a rest and went on working for another hour. 他没休息就继续工作了一个小时。After a short rest, they went on walking. 休息了一会儿，他们继续往前走。介词without常见的释义有：没有，缺乏He solved

3、 the maths problem for his younger sister without any difficulty. 他毫不费劲地帮他妹妹解出了这道数学题。Without a moments hesitation, she jumped into the river to save the drowning girl.她毫不犹豫地跳进河里去救溺水的女孩。不（做某事）He went away without taking leave. 他不辞而别。在外Each candidate must answer all the questions without exception.每个考

4、生都必须回答全部问题，没有例外。由于without是介词，当我们要在其后使用动词时，必须使用动词的 ing 形式。2. The Channel Tunnel, or（use its nickname）the Chunnel, enables you to travel by train from Paris to London in about three hours. 英吉利海峡隧道，或（使用它的昵称）“Chunnel”，可以使你在大约三小时的时间从巴黎坐火车到达伦敦。动词enable “使能够”是由形容词able（有能力的）派生而来的。enable to do 是：使有能力做某事的意思。A

5、 birds wings enable it to fly. 鸟的翅膀使鸟能飞。Dictionaries enable you to understand English words.词典使你能理解英语词汇。3. In our city, we can see the influence of France in some ways. 我们居住的这个城市在某些方面也受到法国的影响。在本例中，influence 是个名词，意为：影响，感化，意思与effect相近。eg: Charlie Chaplin had a big influence on films. 查理·卓别林对电影产生过

6、巨大的影响。eg: My teachers influence made me study science at college. 由于老师的影响，我上大学学了理科。此外，influence 还可以做动词，意为：影响。eg: My teacher influenced my decision to study science.我的老师对我学理科的决定起了影响作用。in some ways是：在某些方面的意思。其中way是：某一方面，某一点或某一特征的意思。eg: Shanghai looks like Hong Kong in some ways. 上海在某些方面看起来很像香港。此外：我们还有

7、in a way 或in many ways 的用法。in a way 在某种程度上，从某一点上看。eg: I like the new styles, in a way. 从某种程度上来说，我喜欢这些新款式。In a way, you are right. 从某一点上看你是对的。in many ways在很多方面。eg: The baby is like his father in many ways. 这个孩子很像他的父亲。4. Some bakeries provide French bread and cakes. 一些面包房有法式面包和蛋糕出售。bakery 是面包房的意思。词根是动

8、词bake，意为烘烤，烤。baker为名词，意为：面包师。动词：provide是供给，供应的意思。主要用法有：直接接名词作宾语。It is said that the management will provide food and drink. 据说管理部门将供应饮食。用于provide sth. for sb. 结构，即：向某人提供某物，也可以用provide sb. with sth.这两者意思相同，可互换，但介词不可混淆。They provided some necessary support for the sufferers.They provided the sufferers

9、with some necessary support.他们为受难者提供了一些必要的援助。辨析：provide 与offerprovide指有远见，为应付意外、紧急情况等作好充分的准备。而：供给，提供，可用于provide sb.（with sth.）或provide sth.（for sb.）的结构。He persuaded other people to provide money or to give help. 他说服别人提供资金或给予帮助。They provided us with all the books we need. 他们为我们提供所需要的所有的书籍。offer 侧重表示：

10、愿意给予，常用于offer sb sth 或offer to do sth 结构，后不能接宾语从句。eg: She offered me a cup of tea. 她给我端了杯茶。He offered to go instead of me. 他主动提出代替我去。5. Many of the worlds top designer names are France. Names such as Dior in clothes, Chanel in perfume, and Cartier in jewelry are familiar to many Chinese people. 许多世界

11、顶级设计品牌都是法国的。迪奥时装，香奈儿香水和卡地亚珠宝都是中国人耳熟能详的品牌。designer是：设计品牌，名牌的意思。其中designer不是名词，而是形容词，意为：由著名设计师设计的，名牌的。注意句中三个介词in的用法，其后所跟的物质名词在这里是一个广泛的范围，如Dior in clothes指的是：服装界品牌中：迪奥这个牌子。be familiar to 是：（某人）对很熟悉的意思。eg: The pop star is quite familiar to young people. 年轻人对这个流行歌手很熟悉。Chinese music isnt very familiar to

12、the Europeans. 欧洲人对中国音乐不是很熟悉。上述句子可以改写为：be familiar with的形式，主语以人开头，with后跟所熟知的事物，如上述第一个例句可以改写为：Young people are familiar with the pop star. 6. A quick walk along Nanjing Road will remind you of many similar names. 沿着南京路逛一圈就会令人想起许多类似的名字。句中的介词along the shelves for the book I needed. 我在书架上找我需要的那本书。along

13、还有：靠着边的意思。eg: Houses has been built along both sides of the river. 河两岸早已盖起了房子。此外，along 还可以作副词，常和不同的动词搭配成短语动词。向前：eg: I was just walking along singing to myself. 我独自唱着歌向前走。（与某人）一道，一起。eg: We are going for a swim. Why dont you come along? 我们要去游泳，你干吗不一起去呢?越来越好：eg: The books coming along nicely. 这本书越来越好看了

14、。动词remind 是：提醒，使想起的意思，常见的用法有：remind后直接加宾语Im sorry. Ive forgotten your name. Can you remind me?对不起，我忘了你的名字，提醒我一下好么?remind sb to do sth. eg: Remind me to phone Alan before I go out. 提醒我在出去之前给艾伦打电话。remind 后加that 引导的宾语从句eg: Passengers are reminded（that）no smoking is allowed on this train.旅客们请注意，本次列车禁止吸烟

15、。remind 后加 wh-引导的宾语从句：eg: Can someone remind me what I should do next? 谁能告诉我下一步该做什么?remind 后接直接引语：You had an accident, he reminded her. 他提醒她道：“你出过一次事故了。”remind sb of sth 相当于 make sb remember sth. 即：令想起的意思。eg: You reminded me of your father when you said that. 你说这样的话，使我想起了你的父亲。That smell reminds me o

16、f France. 这股气味使我想起了法国。形容词similar 是：相像的，相仿的，类似的。eg: We have very similar interests. 我们兴趣相仿。The two houses are similar in size. 两座房子大小差不多。similar 常与to 搭配，后接人或物.be similar to 与相像。eg: Rats are similar to mice, but they are bigger. 硕鼠与家鼠很相似，但它们要大一些。be similar to 与 be quite like意思相同，可以改写为：eg: Rats and mic

17、e are similar. 硕鼠与家鼠很相似。这里的similar 可以用近义词 alike来代替。similar 的反义词有：dissimilar（adj.）不同的，相异的 different（adj.）不同的。三. 零冠词的用法：1. 在日期，月份，节日等名词前不加the。eg: 1 October is Chinese National Day. 10 月1日是中国的国庆节。Today is Saturday. 今天是星期六。We are going to have a party on Christmas Eve. 我们打算在平安夜开个派对。2. 在表示称呼，职务或头衔的名词前不加t

18、he。eg: Sir Isaac Newton was a great scientist. 伊萨克·牛顿爵士是个伟大的科学家。Eddie was elected to be secretary of our club. 艾迪被选为我们社团的理事长。3. 名词前不加the 表示泛指。eg: Camels are useful animals in the desert. 骆驼是沙漠中十分有用的动物。Steel is made from iron. 钢是由铁炼成的。Do you often listen to light music? 你常听轻音乐么?4. 街道，广场名称前不加the。

19、Peoples Square 人民广场 Tiananmen Square天安门广场。Nanjing Road Walkway 南京路步行街 Fifth Avenue 第五大道5. 学科，语言前不加the。eg: My favourite subject at school is physics. 在学校，我最喜欢的科目是物理。Can you speak English? 你会说英语么?Put the following sentences into French. 请把下列句子翻译成法语。【模拟试题】（答题时间：50分钟）一. 选择填空1. It was _ that we saw him a

20、t the party last night. A. amaze B. amazing C. amazed D. amazes2. You can go abroad _. A. take a planeB. on plane C. by the plane D. by plane3. The computer _ us to calculate much faster than before. A. enables B. make C. finds D. reminds4. Mineral water is one of _ in summer. A. the most popular dr

21、inks B. the most popular drink C. most popular drink D. most popular drinks5. Sweet foods _chocolate can make you fat. A. the same as B. such asC. look like D. is like6. -Did you ever go there?-I _ go there myself. A. use B. used to C. am used to D. was used to 7. Mr Brown came into the classroom, _

22、a book under his arm. A. for B. at C. from D. with8. -Did you buy a house?-Yes, it is a large one _ a small garden in front of it. A. for B. to C. with D. on9. -Would you like to buy this digital camera?-Its too expensive. I have to _ it. A. think about B. come up with C. catch up with D. get along

23、with10. _concert was held at City Hall last night. _man from Korea played _ violin wonderfully. A. The, A, a B. The, A, the C. A, the,（不填）D. A, A, the11. During holidays, parents always take their children to the Disney parks to _ their interests. A. use B. begin C. further D. see12. Tom, like his c

24、lassmates, _ radio every day. A. listen to B. listen to theC. listens to the D. listens to13. -_is it from Euro-Disney to the centre of Paris?-Euro-Disney is just an hours way by train from the centre of Paris. A. How far B. How long C. How often D. How soon二. 字母组词1. A bottle of _（hcamapnge）is very

25、necessary in victory celebrations. （庆祝胜利）2. French _（fumeerp）is famous all over the world. Most ladies like it very much. 3. Many pupils are standing in two _（wors）and waiting to enter the theatre. 4. Universities should be the centres of _. （tureluc）三. 选择并抄写单词1. France has many _（mountain, agricult

26、ural）regions which are excellent for planting. 2. He _（offered, provided）us with a car. 3. Its _（amazing, amazed）to see so many cartoon characters in Disneyland. 4. Wheat, beans and corn belong to agricultural _. （products, production）We have _（similar, familiar）tastes in music. We both like country

27、 music. 5. -Are you going to the art _（concerts, exhibition）?-Im too busy right now. Maybe Ill have time tomorrow. 6. We want to go to other countries to _ our studies. （further, farther）A _ area is pretty to look at. （scenic, scenery）四. 根据汉语写单词1. You can see the _of Japan in many ways in our city.

28、（影响）2. Beijing is the _of China. （首都）3. The Great Wall is the world-famous _in Beijing. （标志性的建筑物）4. My mother is thinking about going _for the holidays. （去国外, 到国外）五. 阅读The earliest controversies about the relationship between photography and art centered on whether photographs fidelity to appearance

29、s and dependence on a machine allowed it to be a fine art as distinct from merely a practical art. Throughout the nineteenth century, the defence of photography was identical with the struggle to establish it as a fine art. Against the charge that photography was a soulless, mechanical copying of re

30、ality, photographers asserted that it was instead a privileged way of seeing, a revolt against commonplace vision, and no less worthy an art than painting. Ironically, now that photography is securely established as a fine art, many photographers find it pretentious or irrelevant to label it as such

31、. Serious photographers variously claim to be finding, recording, impartially observing, witnessing events, exploring themselvesanything but making works of art. They are no longer willing to debate whether photography is or is not a fine art, except to proclaim that their own work is not involved w

32、ith art. It shows the extent to which they simply take for granted the concept of art imposed by the triumph of Modernism: the better the art, the more subversive it is of the traditional aims of art. Photographers disclaimers of any interest in making art tell us more about the harried status of th

33、e contemporary notion of art than about whether photography is or is not art. For example, those photographers who suppose that, by taking pictures, they are getting away from the pretensions of art as exemplified by painting remind us of those Abstract Expressionist painters who imagined they were

34、getting away from the intellectual austerity of classical Modernist painting by concentrating on the physical act of painting. Much of photographys prestige today derives from the convergence of its aims with those of recent art, particularly with the dismissal of abstract art implicit in the phenom

35、enon of Pop painting during the 1960s. Appreciating photographs is a relief to sensibilities tired of the mental exertions demanded by abstract art. Classical Modernist paintingthat is, abstract art as developed in different ways by Picasso, Kandinsky, and Matissepresupposes highly developed skills

36、of looking and a familiarity with other paintings and the history of art. Photography, like Pop painting, reassures viewers that art is not hard; photography seems to be more about its subjects than about art. Photography, however, has developed all the anxieties and self-consciousness of a classic

37、Modernist art. Many professionals privately have begun to worry that the promotion of photography as an activity subversive of the traditional pretensions of art has gone so far that the public will forget that photography is a distinctive and exalted activityin short, an art. 1. What is the author

38、mainly concerned with? The author is concerned withA. defining the Modernist attitude toward art. B. explaining how photography emerged as a fine art. C. explaining the attitude of serious contemporary photographers toward photography as art and placing those attitudes in their historical context. D. defining the various approaches that serious contemporary photographers take toward their art and assessing the value of each of those approaches. 2. Which of the following