Unit3Traveljournal期末复习

1、Unit3 Travel journalprefer vt.更喜欢.prefer A to B 比起B更喜欢Aprefer doing A to doing B 比起做B更喜欢做Aprefer to do sth 更喜欢做prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做A也不做Bprefer sb. to do 更喜欢某人做某事1. She seems to prefer dogs to cats.2. My sister prefers staying at home watching TV to going to the cinema to see a film.3.

2、 I prefer to play outdoors rather than play computer games in the room.4. They preferred their son to go to college.5. Would you prefer that he (should) go with you?fare n.交通工具的费用fee n. 入场费，会费，学费charge n. 要价cost n. 成本价flow through 流经eg: The Mekong River flows through China.ever since从以后dream of = dr

3、eam about 梦想ever since Middle school, Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a bike trip.persuade vt. 说服；使相信try to persuade sb. to do sth. 劝说某人做某事(暗含“劝而不服”)；persuade sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事；persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事； persuade sb. + that从句 使某人相信；persuade sb. of sth 使某人相信某事1. The son tried

4、 to persuade his father to give up smoking.2. How can we persuade them into joining us? 3. I wish you could persuade her to think it over.4. She persuaded him that she was telling the truth.5. I persuaded him of my good intention. get sb interested in dong sth 使某人对做某事感兴趣sb graduate from 某人毕业于sb get

5、the chance to do sth 某人获得做某事的机会sb be fond of sth 某人喜欢某物insist vt. 坚持要求，坚持认为Although she didnt know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly. (P18)点拨 insist表示“坚持要求，一定要”，其后宾语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用动词原形或 “should + 动词原形”。如：I insist that you (should) be present. They ins

6、isted that she (should) be invited.拓展 如果insist的意思是“坚持说；硬说”，其后宾语从句用陈述语气，不用虚拟语气。如：She insisted that he was wrong.keep on doing sth 继续做keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事keep sb (from) doing sth 阻止某人做某事care about 忧虑，关心，在乎care for 喜欢，照顾eg: My sister does not care about details.determine Vt. 决定；下定决心；确定determine t

7、o do sth 决定做某事Can you now determine the date for the meeting?你们现在可以确定开会的日期吗？She determined to learn English well this term. 她下定决心这学期好好学习英语。He determined that he would go at once.他决定马上走。determined adj. 坚决的；坚定的 be determined to do sth. 决心做某事determination n. 决心；决定Thanks to the determined efforts of the

8、 workers, we finished the task ahead of time.由于工人们坚定的努力，我们提前完成了任务。sb change ones mind 改变主意make up ones mind to do sth 下定决心做某事eg: She said she would not change her mind.He has clearly made up his mind to end the affair.give in 屈服, 让步，投降give in放弃give off发出，放出(气味、热、光等)give away赠送，捐赠give out用完，耗尽1. Mary

9、 usually has to give in to her little brother.2. The hero would rather die than give in to the enemy.sb be surprised to do sth 某人因为做某事而吃惊Sb be surprised at/by sth 某人因某事而吃惊as usual 像往常那样feel like 感觉像， 想要My legs felt like block of ice.encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做beneath prep. = below 在下方We can hardly

10、wait to see them. 我们迫不及待地要看他们。1. It be 被强调部分 who / that . It was my sister who/that first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends. (P18)It was in New York that she met your brother yesterday.so . that . 如此以至于Our legs were so heavy and cold that they

11、felt like blocks of ice. (P22)点拨 so + adj. / adv. + that是一个固定句型，意为“如此以至于”，引导结果状语。如：It was so cold that we did not want to go out. The play was so interesting that I went to see it several times.拓展 such . that . 也是固定句型，用法与so . that . 一样，只是such后跟名词，so后跟形容词或副词。如：It was such a cold day that we did not w

12、ant to go out.This was such an interesting play that I went to see it several times. 当“be doing”不再表示“进行”时1. 现在进行时可表将来，常含有“意图”、“安排”或“打算”的含义，并且与表将来的时间状语连用。在一定的上下文中，时间状语也可以不用。2. 表示位置移动的动词，如：come, go, leave, arrive等常用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。拓展 此外， be going to do sth. 结构也可表示将来，表示即将发生的事或不久将要发生的事，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如：I

13、am going to sell this old car, and buy a new one.They are going to get married next year.注意： There be 句型中的be going to 结构为：There is / are going to be . (注意be不能改为have) ，常用来表示将有某事发生。如：正 There is going to be a football match next Saturday in our school. 误 There is going to have a football match next Sat

14、urday in our school.比较 be going to do sth. 与be about to do sth. 和will do sth. 的区别：1. be about to do sth.侧重于表达最近的将来，意为“即将，就要” ( = be on the point of doing do sth. . 或be going to do sth. 加上just)，且be about to do sth. 后不接时间状语，be going to do sth.可以接时间状语。如：误 I am about to go next week. 正 I am about to go.

15、 2. will没有“计划，准备”的意思，且在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用be going to, 而多用will。如：If any beast comes at you, Ill stay with you and help you. GUIDED WRITING文体介绍电子邮件(electronic mail，常缩略为E-mail，e-mail或e-mail)，是一种不用纸张的电子信函，通过网络发送，是一种非常便利的交流方式。格式特点通常，电子邮件也包括一般信件的几个组成部分：信头、正文和结尾。但它是一种非正式的文体，因此称呼前常常不用Dear，对同辈朋友，可以直呼其名，如：Mike；但对

16、长辈最好使用头衔和姓，如：Mr. Smith。一般来说，电子邮件通常由开头称呼语、正文、结尾敬语及署名构成，但有时只有正文而把称呼语、结尾敬语及署名都省略掉。文字特点简洁明了。为了便于阅读，E-mail通常比较简短，如果内容很多，常常以附件的形式发出。语言精练，信尾客套话也很简单。 常用表达1. Now, let me introduce you something about . 2. Im glad to have a chance to be your pen friend.3. I was so pleased to hear from you and am writing to te

17、ll you something about . 4. I learned from the newspaper that your company wanted to hire . I want to get this job very much.5. If you agree with me, please write a letter to me or phone me. I live at . My telephone number / My address / My Email address is .6. Wish you a pleasant journey.7. I hope

18、you come and see for yourself one day. 8. I expect to hear from you soon.活学活用 假如你是李华，请在Email中向你的朋友Tom (Tom)讲述你的一次旅游经历。具体内容如下：时间：上周六上午7点出发。人员：你和你的家人。交通方式：你爸爸开私家车。目的地：广东省阳江市西南方向陪陵岛上的大角湾，距离你们所在的城市100公里。准备：准备了一些零食、衣服和相机之类的东西。乐事：1. 游泳； 2. 欣赏海水、沙滩和日出日落等美景； 3. 吃海鲜；4. 买纪念品。感受：大角湾很美，周末过得很愉快。参考范文FromLihuaToSu

19、bjectMy travel experienceTom,Last weekend, my family and I went to Dajiaowan Gulf for a holiday. Dajiaowan Gulf is located in the southwest of the Peiling Island in Yangjiang city, Guangdong Province.We packed our digital camera, some snacks, clothes and things like that. Then we started at 7 on Sat

20、urday morning. My father drove us there, for its only about 100 kilometers from our city. The most exciting thing was swimming in the sea. We enjoyed the big waves rushing ashore, carrying us to the beach. One big wave even turned me upside down. The beaches are fantastic, with the water sparkling b

21、lue and the sand shining in the sunshine. The beautiful sunrise and sunset took our breath away. Whats more, we ate delicious seafood. We also chose quite a few souvenirs from the colorful goods in the streets.All in all, Dajiaowan Gulf is really a wonderful place and we really enjoyed our weekend t

22、here. Best, Li HuaUnit4 Earthquakesright away = at once = in no time 立刻shake vt./vi 摇动，颤抖shake hands with与握手shake ones head 摇头burst v. 爆裂、爆发burst out laughing = burst into laughter突然大笑burst out crying = burst into tears,突然大哭1. Hearing the funny story, the kids burst out laughing.2. When told that hi

23、s son was lost in the forest, the old lady burst into tears.end n.结尾 v. 结束in the end最后、终于at an end结束、终结，多与be连用put an end to结束（不好的事）制止end up with以结束1. In the end, she worked out this maths problem.2. He stayed in the city wandering until his money was at an end.3. We must put an end to this foolish b

24、ehaviour.4. We ended the dinner up with fruit and coffee.ruin v.废墟、毁灭(be) in ruins 严重受损、破败不堪injure v.使受伤 尤指在事故中伤害、使受伤；也可指损害，伤害（名誉、自尊等）1. He was slightly injured in the accident.2. Two people have been critically injured in a road accident.injured adj. 受伤的、有伤的，the injured指受伤的人；injury n. 伤害、受伤之处。如：The

25、 injured were taken to hospital.When I fell off my bike, my only injury was a twisted ankle.hurt, wound与injure的区别hurt可表示精神上或肉体上受伤，作不及物动词，意思是“（使）疼痛”；wound主要是指战场上受伤，有伤口；injure一般指因意外或事故而造成损伤。some of, plenty of, a lot of , the rest of, all of, half of, part of, 分数， 百分数 + 名词时， 谓语由名词决定Two thirds of the st

26、udents are waiting outside.Two thirds of the water is polluted.rescue A from B 把A从B营救出来tens of thousands of 成千上万的trap v.把困住 n.陷阱be trapped in 被困在.中be trapped under 被困在下1. Twenty miners were trapped underground after the accident.2. Sand and leaves trapped the water in the stream.3. The wolf was caug

27、ht in a trap.4. Our soldiers pretended to run away and the enemy fell into a trap.5. Amanda felt that marriage was a trap.1.congratulation n 1）庆贺，祝贺，常用复述形式，并与介词on搭配，构成短语congratulations on sth. /doing congratulations to sb2）Congratulations ( on your winning the races)！恭喜（你获得了胜利）！I offered my congratu

28、lations on his success. 我对他的成功表示了祝贺。3）congratulate v.构成短语congratulate sb. on sth. /dong. congratulate oneself that We congratulated him on having passed the examination.我们祝贺他通过了考试。He congratulates himself on having chosen a good woman to be his wife.他暗自庆幸自己挑选了一位贤惠的女子作妻子。judge v.判断 n.裁判员， 法官judge A f

29、rom/by B 由A判断Bjudging from/by根据判断be proud of 因而骄傲express ones thanks to 向表达感谢be known as 作为而出名 be known for 因而出名be known to为所熟知3. be known as, be known for, be known to sb.He was known as a excellent singer.他作为一名优秀的歌手而闻名。The city is known for its long history.这座城市以它的悠久的历史闻名。 He is known to the polic

30、e as a thief. 警察都知道他是个小偷。1. It seemed that the world was at an end. 似乎世界末日来临。seem连系动词，似乎，好像1）seem + (to be ) + adj./n.2）seem + to do3）seem + like + n.4）It seems/seemed (to sb.) + that-clause如：Our English teacher seems to be a kind man. He seems to know everything = It seems that he knows everything.

31、 It seems like years since we last met. It seems that I have seen her before. = I seem to have seen her before.2. Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.人们无论朝哪里看，几乎一切都被毁了。everywhere 用作连词，等于wherever, no matter where，引起让步状语从句。如：Everywhere I go, I find the same thing.无论我去哪儿，我都看到一样的东西。Yo

32、u see it everywhere you look.无论你往哪儿看，你都会看到它。3. 90% of its homes were gone. 90%的家都不存在了。gone “走了”“丢了”“用完了”，或指人“死了My watch was gone. 我的表不见了。His job was gone.他的工作丢了50% of the students in our class are girls.我们班50%的学生是女生。Two-thirds of the earth surface is covered with water.地球表面的三分之二是水。Hell be gone for q

33、uite a little while.他要离开很长一段时间。4. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.救援人员组成小分队，将被困的人挖出来，将死者掩埋。those who相当于意为“凡的人”，表示的是两者以上的不定数量，who引导的定语从句用复数，不能用that代替。（注意：anybody who, he who中谓语动词用单数。）5. To the north of the city, most of the 10,000 miners were rescued fr

34、om the coal mines. 在城市的北部，一万矿工中的大多数从矿井中被救出。in the north, to the north与on the northin表示“在其中”，在境界内；to表示在境外，不接壤；on表示接壤。如：China lies in the east of Asia.中国位于亚洲东部。Japan lies to the east of China.日本位于中国的东面。（指在中国境外）China faces the Pacific on the east.中国东临太平洋。（指东部境界与太平洋相接）6. too . to . 太而不能，表示否定意义In the far

35、myards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. (P26)We are never too old to learn. 7. It seems / seemed as if .It seemed as if the world was at an end!(P26)as if 意为“仿佛、好像”，常用于系动词be, feel, look, seem, sound, smell等后引导表语从句。如：It seemed as if the end of the world had come. It seems as i

36、f youre catching a cold, Taylor. It sounds to me as if he needs professional help.8. all . not .All hope was not lost. (P26)并不是所有的希望都破灭了。all . not = not all . （some but not all）意为 “并非所有的；一些”，表示部分否定。如：Not all the girls left.Not all the children are noisy.1. 若要对两者以上全部否定，则用none of .。如：None of the girls

37、 has / have left.None of the children is / are noisy.2. both, each, every与not连用也表示部分否定。如：Both the answers are not right. 9.The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000. (P26)分析本句结构是：主语（The number of people） 谓语（reached） 宾语（more than 400,000）。句中的who were killed or injured是

38、定语从句，用来修饰主语The number of people。The number of后接可数名词的复数形式，表示“的数目”，谓语动词用单数形式。10.Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed. (P26)这是一个复合句。其结构是：让步状语从句（Everywhere they looked） 主句（nearly everything was destroyed）。everywhere引导状语从句。又如：Everywhere I go, I find the same thing. You see it everywhere

39、 you look. 11.The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. (P26)该句结构是：主语（The army） 谓语（organized） 宾语（teams） 目的状语（to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead）。并列连词and连接两个动词不定式to dig out those who were trapped和to bury the dead，不定式作目的状语。who were trapped是一个定

40、语从句，用来修饰先行词those。近义词辨析1. shake, trembleshake: move, be moved, quickly or violently up and down, forwards and backwards: 最普通用词，可指人或物 “摇动，发抖”。指人时常用于感情激动、寒冷、惧怕引起的身体颤动。在表示 “因而颤抖”时，多用with。在表示 “使受震撼，使（信念等）动摇”，常用于be shaken by/with/at中。tremble: shake involuntarily ( with fear, anger, cold, physical weakness

41、, etc.) 颤栗,震颤,发抖(因恐惧,愤怒,寒冷,体弱等)，常常与shake相互替换，但指握手，摇头或捧腹大笑时用shake, tremble只用作不及物动词。如：The poor boy was shaking with cold.这个孩子正冻的发抖。They were badly shaken by the news.他们对这个消息大为震惊。The host shook hands with all the guests.主人跟所有的客人握手。Her voice was trembling with anger.她气的声音发抖。2. rise, raiserise vi. ( of t

42、he sun, moon, stars, river, price, temperature, etc.) appear above the horizon:指自然“上升”，常用于日、月、云、霞、烟、水蒸气、物价、温度、河水、潮水及人的职位等：He rose from his chair and began his speech.他从椅子上站起来开始了他的演说。Her temperature is still rising.他的体温还在上升。He has risen in rank.他已经升职了。raise vt. 1. lift up; move from a low(er) to a hi

43、gh(er) level; cause to rise: 外部的力量，“举起、提高”： The peoples living standard has greatly been raised.人民的生活水平已大大的提高了。 2grow or produce (crops); breed (sheep, etc.); bring up a family: 饲养、种植”、养育、抚育： They can raise rice here.他们这儿能种水稻。3. burst into / burst out : send out suddenly; break out into; suddenly be

44、gin to burst into + doing: She burst into tears. = She burst out crying.她突然哭起来了。burst out + n.：All of them burst into laughter = All of them burst out laughing.他们全都大笑起来了。4. destroy, ruin, damagedestroy: break to pieces; make useless; put an end to: 毁灭；摧毁；毁坏；破坏。表示在肉体上、精神上或道义上彻底摧毁，使之无法复原，也可以表示对某物体进行完全

45、的毁坏: All his hopes were destroyed.他所有的希望都毁灭了。An atom bomb would destroy a city. 一颗原子弹可以摧毁一座城市。ruin: sth. which has decayed, been destroyed, etc.:败坏，毁坏，崩溃的状态。 指对物体或生命彻底的破坏，但往往是非暴力的，也往往不是一次的打击结果，常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏: Smoking ruined his health.吸烟毁了他的健康。She ruined his prospects.她毁了他的前途。damage: harm or injur

46、y that causes loss of value: 损害；损毁（使失去价值）。一般指对物体或生命的局部损坏：Their houses were damaged by the enemys shellfire.他们的房屋被敌人的炮火击毁了。5. hurt, wound, injure hurt: cause bodily injury or pain to; damage; pain ( a person, his feeling): 使受伤；使疼痛；伤害； 使伤心。一般用语，即可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上的伤害，还可用作不及物动词，意为“疼痛、惹起痛苦”: What he said h

47、urt me deeply.他说的话使我非常伤心。wound: hurt or injury to the living tissue of the body, caused by cutting, shooting, tearing, etc., esp. as the result of attack: 指外伤，如枪伤、刀伤、剑伤，尤指在战争中，战斗中受伤: He got wounded in the fighting.他在战斗中受了伤。injure: hurt; damage, esp. for result of an accident;一般指由于意外或事故而受伤。如：He was b

48、adly injured in the accident.他在这次事故中受了重伤。Smoking will injure your health.吸烟会毁了你的健康。6. shock, astonish, surpriseshock vt./n: to cause usually unpleasant or angry surprise to (sb.): 震惊，打击，吃惊程度最大，后面常跟介词at/by构成词组be shocked at/by，表示“对吃惊”，或接不定式表示原因，也可作名词，意为“震动，打击”: He was shocked by what you said.他对你说的话感到

49、震惊。He was shocked to know his son playing all day.他知道他的儿子整天玩大为震惊。The news gave me a great shock.这个消息给了我很大的打击。astonish vt./n: surprise greatly. 语气比surprise要强，含有令人难以置信: I was astonished to see him in Tibet.在西藏见到他，真感到惊异。The news astonished everyone.这个消息使每个人都很震惊。surprise vt./n: (feeling caused by) sth.

50、sudden or unexpected: 最普通用词，意为“使惊讶，使吃惊”，含有“意想不到”之意。如： I was surprised to see the great changes in my hometown.看到家乡的巨大变化他惊讶不已。His failure didnt cause much surprise (was not a great surprise.)他的失败未引起很大的惊奇（并非很意外的事）。7. especially, speciallyespecially: to an exceptional degree; in particular: 特殊地，尤其，常用于正

51、式文体中: This is a very common word, especially in spoken English.这是一个很普通的词，尤其在英语口语中。She likes the country, especially in spring.她喜欢这个国家，尤其是春天。specially: for a particular purpose: 特别地，专门地，表示“为了特别的目的”：This cake was specially made for you. 这个蛋糕是专门为你做的GUIDED WRITING简洁生动 中心突出 如何写新闻报道文体分析新闻，注重客观描绘新事件，避免明显的主

52、观意见。种类介绍按照事件的性质，新闻可分为“硬新闻”（hard news）和“软新闻”（soft news）。硬新闻是指题材比较严肃、具有一定时效性的客观事实报道。软新闻是指写法轻松活泼、人情味较浓的社会新闻。方法指导提高新闻写作能力最有效的途径之一，就是广泛阅读新闻报道，对好的报道进行深入分析，模仿他们的措辞和写作风格。下面简要介绍“硬新闻”的写作步骤和注意事项：第一步：资料翔实。常常问自己以下几个问题，并尽量收集详尽的相关信息：who, what, why, when, where and how。第二步：格式经典。通常采用经典的“倒金字塔”格式，由三个部分构成，即标题（title）、导语

53、（lead-in）和正文（body）。第三步：标题醒目。好的标题能使读者在最短的时间内了解新闻的主要内容，引起阅读兴趣。写新闻标题的原则是尽量用有限的语句将新闻的主要内容表达清楚。还要注意以下两点：1. 准确选取动词及正确的时态、语态，使标题变得活跃，能生动地描述新闻事实。如：Beijing Olympic Flame arrives in Macao2. 使用缩写词使标题简洁。如：New groups boost Hi-tech research.（Hi-tech = high technology）第四步：导语要强而有力。新闻导语常用一句话描述主要的事实，导语既要简短（一般不超过25个单词

54、），又不能缺少重大事实及生动的细节。通常只是一个单句，强调使用具有强烈色彩的、富于动感的词汇，以引起读者的阅读兴趣。如：MACAO With flags waving and lions dancing, Macao welcomed the flame of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games that arrived here on Friday night.第五步：正文简洁生动。正文的报道既要简洁，又要生动。应注意以下几点：1. 避免使用被动语态，多用富含行为动词的陈述句。行文要简洁生动，省去一切不必要的词汇。2. 抓住一些显著的细节进行深入描写。3. 语法正确

55、。新闻报道作为一种媒体写作应特别讲究语法的准确性，以免对公众产生不好的影响。要确保句子的完整性，主谓要一致，形容词、副词、虚拟语气以及从句等的使用要恰当。小试身手假如你是英语周报的记者，请根据以下内容，给英语周报写一篇新闻报道。消息来源：安徽省政府新闻发言人。事件：到星期四为止，安徽省阜阳市共有2477名儿童感染肠道疾病（intestinal virus infection），也称EV71病毒，死亡20人。现状：受感染的儿童年龄全部在6岁以下，其中大部分在2岁以下。其中，738名已治愈，20名死亡，702名正在留院观察，其中36名病情严重，还有1017名门诊病人(outpatient)。后果：

56、EV71病毒可能会导致高烧、手足口病（hand-foot-mouth disease）、瘫痪(paralysis)及其他疾病。措施：为了阻止病毒向更多的孩子蔓延，当地政府命令关闭所有的幼儿园，在小学进行晨检。参考范文Virus infection hits 2,477, kills 20A mass intestinal virus infection (which is also called EV71) in Fuyang City of Anhui Province has hit 2,477 children and caused 20 deaths by Thursday, a provincial government spokesman said.Among the infected, 738 had been cured. The death toll had reached 20. Another 702, including 36 seriously ill, were still in hospital. The outpatients numb