美国广播媒介的发展趋势

1、 美国广播媒介的发展美国广播媒介的发展美国广播电台的类型 1 专业台 绝大多数广播电台属于专业台，即以某一类型和主题的节目作为该电台的主体节目。 2 综合台 极少部分独立电台和三大广播公司所属的部分电台。这种电台既播放新闻类节目，还播放各种广播剧、娱乐节目、竞猜节目、音乐节目等。 专业台以专业特色取胜，综合台以多样性取胜。 美国的广播节目多是类型化节目，即一家电台主要播出一种类型的节目。 Formats for Specific Audiences(类型化) 目前，美国绝大部分的广播电台(风格电台)都是靠流行的音乐节目和受欢迎的节目主持人来吸引听众。 Radio stations today

2、offer a wide range of formats, each geared to attract a narrow segment of the population. As the number of listeners dropped, local stations switched more to recorded music. Far cheaper than producing programs Alan Freed (1921-1965) Gordon McLendon(1921-1986) Alan Freed Father of Rock and Roll“ an A

3、merican disc-jockey (DJ) In the 1950s he pitched rocknroll He was not the first to play it on the airwaves, but is credited for coining and popularizing the term Rock and Roll to describe a style of music. His career was destroyed by the p a y o l a s c a n d a l t h a t h i t t h e broadcasting ind

4、ustry in the early 1960s. Gordon McLendon the creator of format radio and one of the most innovative programmers Top 40 (on his KLIF，during the 1950s and 1960s) Format that replays pop records beautiful music（on his KABL，in 1959） all-news (the founder of the first all-news radio station in XTRA in T

5、ijuana , 1961 )Radio News By the 1990s radio had become primarily an entertainment medium with low-cost programming based on playing records. The fact is that fewer stations offer news. Despite the decline of radio news, there are bright spots.National Public Radio (NPR) NPR was created in 1970. NPR

6、 produces and distributes news and cultural programming. NPR allows reporters the airtime to tell their stories thoroughly and in depth. flagship programs are two drive time news broadcastsMorning EditionAll Things ConsideredPaul Harvey Paul Harvey News and Comment (ABC Radio Networks ) was first br

7、oadcast nationally in 1951 and continued into the 21st century, making Harvey one of the longest-lasting and best-known voices on American radio. Harveys program - an idiosyncratic mix of headlines, comments, quips and advertisements, all voiced by Harvey. In 1976 Harvey began a companion radio feat

8、ure, The Rest of the Story, telling little-known tales from the lives of famous people.Talk Radio Talk formats that feature live listener telephone calls emerged as a major genre in U.S. radio in the 1980s. On AM radio, talk become the most common formats in the 1990s. The political talk show audien

9、ce is largely white, male, Republican and financially well off. But many talk shows focus less on the great public issues than wacky, often vitriolic personalities. Terry Gross Fresh Air (the host and co-executive producer ) an interview format radio show produced by WHYY-FM in Philadelphia (1975) a

10、nd distributed throughout the United States by NPR. Gross has won praise for her low-key and friendly yet often probing interview style and for the diversity of her guests. Gross prides herself on preparation. Don Imus Imus in the Morning a syndicated radio show mixing news, biting humor and politic

11、al commentary. (The show originates at station WFAN in New York City and is broadcast throughout the U.S.) His daily listeners are the kind of high-income, highly educated folks that advertisers love.The Rush Limbaugh Show (an outspoken ultra-conservative and ultra-popular radio talk show host)The R

12、ush Limbaugh Show has helped transform AM broadcasting. The shows audience to average 13.5 million listeners weekly, making it the largest radio talk show audience in the United States. He remained a strong influence among his politically conservative audience.播放帝国：广播革命播放帝国：广播革命 播客播客(podcast) RSS技术和

13、MP3播放器诸如iPod结合的产物。(博客+电台+iPod=播客) Podcast的特点是自主性,“在我想听的时候听我想听”，而且还可以“你听我说”。在这种模式下，受众不再是媒体内容的被动接收和消费者，而是媒体内容的选择者，同时也是内容的主动参与者和创造者. 播客鼻祖、前MTV名人: Adam CurryAdam Curry 1980s MTV host (video jockey ) now as a high-profile personality in the development of podcasting (influential podcaster )iP (iPodder)Daily Source Code (“每日源代码每日源代码”)播客离商业化有多远？播客离商业化有多远？ 绝大多数的播客并不能从他们的节目获得收入 。 数字革命光临广播业 随着广播节目的数字化，它们的传播方式也变得多样化，从互联网到卫星到手机和iPod。 被放低到极限的门槛是播客们最大的筹码。 Podcast目前尚处婴儿期，无论其最终如何发展，其横空出世的意义在于它延伸了互联网这个平台 。广播节目发展趋势 “可移动方式