译林版八年级下英语语法课件

1、译林版八年级下英语语法课件译林版八年级下英语语法课件语法专项课件语法专项课件（现在完成时（现在完成时1）语法透析语法透析考点大观考点大观易错辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练考点大观考点大观易错辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练现在完成时结构肯定句：主语 + have/ has + 过去分词+.否定句:主语+havent ( have not) +过去分词 主语+hasnt ( has not ) +过去分词.疑问句:Have / Has+主语+过去分词.?I havent finished my homework. Have you finished your homework? I have fini

2、shed my homework. 结构考点大观考点大观易错辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练现在完成时三大用法用法用法11) 表示到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作。By now, I have collected all the data I need.Now we have planted all the trees.考点大观考点大观易错辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练现在完成时三大用法用法用法22) 表示过去发生的动作,强调结果或对现在的影响。Someone has broken the window. I have just cleaned my hands. (窗户现在是坏的)(手是干净的)

3、考点大观考点大观易错辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练现在完成时三大用法用法用法33) 表示从过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态。 She has learned English for 5 years. He has lived in Beijing since he was born .考点大观考点大观易错辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练过去式、过去分词(1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work-worked-worked (2)以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live-lived-lived (3)以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将“y” 变为 “i”，再加“ ed ”

4、。 study-studied-studied (4)重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先 双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 drop-dropped-dropped 规则变化规则变化考点大观考点大观易错辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练过去式、过去分词不规则变化不规则变化A.过去分词与过去式形式一样havehadhad spend spentspent makemademade saysaidsaid findfoundfound hearheardheard meetmetmet leaveleftleft考点大观考点大观易错辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练过去式、过去分词不规则变化不规则变化

5、B.过去分词与过去式形式不一样taketooktaken speak spokespoken singsangsung drivedrovedriven bewas/werebeen gowentgone 考点大观考点大观易错辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练过去式、过去分词不规则变化不规则变化C.过去分词、过去式与动词原形一样cutcutcutput putput letletletreadreadread 考点大观考点大观易错辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练易错点2012started learning English2015learning3 yearshave learned EnglishI

6、started learning English in 2012.I am learning English these days.I have learned English for 3 years.（一般过去时）（现在进行时）（现在完成时）现在完成时VS一般过去时考点大观考点大观易错辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练易错点现在完成时/一般过去时用法不同现在完成时一般过去时用法1：表示到现在为止已经完成的动作。用法1：表示过去某时发生的动作。用法2：表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成影响。用法2：表示过去存在的某种状态。用法3：表示动作开始于过去，一直持续到现在，并有可能继续持续下去。用法3：表示过去

7、经常性发生的动作或状态。考点大观考点大观易错辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练易错点现在完成时/一般过去时用法不同I saw this film yesterday. I have seen this film.（一般过去时：强调动作）（现在完成时：强调影响）已经知道内容考点大观考点大观易错辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练易错点现在完成时/一般过去时结构不同现在完成时一般过去时肯定句：主语 + have/ has + 过去分词 +.肯定句：主语 + 过去式 +. 主语 + was/were + 表语.否定句:主语+havent ( have not) +过去分词+.主语+hasnt ( has not

8、) +过去分词+.否定句：主语 + did not (didnt) + 动词原形 + was/were not （wasnt/werent) + 表语.疑问句:Have / Has+主语+过去分词.?疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + ? Was/Were + 主语 + 表语?考点大观考点大观易错辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练易错点现在完成时经典例句：I have been to Australia before.I havent been to Australia before.Have you been to Australia before?现在完成时/一般过去时结构不同考点大观考

9、点大观易错辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练易错点现在完成时/一般过去时结构不同一般过去时经典例句：My father flew to Australia yesterday.My father didnt fly to Australia yesterday.Did you father fly to Australia yesterday?考点大观考点大观易错辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练易错点现在完成时/一般过去时标志词不同现在完成时一般过去时副词作标志词：just, already, yet过去时间点：just now, at that time, yesterday, this mornin

10、g, three years agosince + 时间点/(时间段+ago)/一般过去时句子for + 时间段过去时间段：in the past, in + 过去的年份, last week, once upon a time等表示次数的时间状语：once, twice, three times, ever, never特殊结构：used to + 动词原形 （过去常常）考点大观考点大观易错辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练易错点现在完成时/一般过去时标志词不同She returned yesterday. There was a temple in the past.He has been in

11、 New York for many years.Have you ever been to Beijing？（一般过去时）（现在完成时）考点大观考点大观易错辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练解析解析【典例1】He _ in this factory for 20 years already. A. will work B. works C. has worked D. is working考查时态。already为现在完成时标志词,且 for + 时间段表明对现在的“影响”，故选用现在完成时结构have/has done。考点大观考点大观易错辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练解析解析【典例2】Is Ri

12、chard still living here? No, he _ to Paris already. A. had moved B. moved C. will move D. has moved 考查时态。No说明Richard不在此处，且already为完成时标志词，选用现在完成时结构have/has done。考点大观考点大观易错辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练解析解析【典例3】Julies father _ to London last month. He _ there three times. A. went, had gone B. has gone, has been C. we

13、nt, has been D. has been, had gone考查时态。last month为一般过去时标志词，选用went；three times表明去伦敦的“结果”“影响”，选用现在完成时。语法专项课件语法专项课件（现在完成时（现在完成时2）语法透析语法透析考点大观考点大观易错辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练考点大观考点大观易错辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练现在完成时三大用法现在完成时三大用法：1.表示到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作。2.一件发生在过去的事情对现在产生影响。3.一个动作开始于过去，并持续到现在（也许还将持续下去）。考点大观考点大观易错辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练现在完成

14、时结构回顾肯定句：主语 + have/ has + 过去分词+.否定句:主语+havent ( have not) +过去分词 主语+hasnt ( has not ) +过去分词.疑问句:Have / Has+主语+过去分词.?I havent finished my homework. Have you finished your homework? I have finished my homework. 结构考点大观考点大观易错辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练already一般用于肯定句，意为“已经”，句中句末均可yet一般用于否定句和疑问句，意为“已经” ，一般位于句末Tom has a

15、lready finished his homework.Tom hasnt finished his homework yet.易错点1现在完成时常见标志词辨析考点大观考点大观易错辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练易错点1现在完成时常见标志词辨析ever用于疑问句，意为“曾经”，位于句中never含否定意义，意为“从不”，位于句中Have you ever eaten fish?I have never eaten fish.考点大观考点大观易错辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练易错点1现在完成时常见标志词辨析just多用于肯定句，意为“刚刚”，位于句中before用于所有句式，意为“之前”，位于句末I

16、 have just had my lunch.She hasnt seen you before.考点大观考点大观易错辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练易错点2since/for用法辨析since+时间点since+ 时间段+ agosince+ 从句（一般过去时）John has been a football player since 3 years ago.He has lived in China since 1992.sinceTom has lived in America since he was a little child.考点大观考点大观易错辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练易错点2

17、since/for用法辨析for+ 时间段forHe has kept the book for 2 weeks.考点大观考点大观易错辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练易错点3have been to/have gone to辨析have been tohave gone to去过某地已经回来，可用于任何人称。常与once, twice, three times, ever, never 等连用。去某地了，说话时某人不在现场，常用于第三人称。考点大观考点大观易错辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练易错点3have been to/have gone to辨析I have been to Beijing fo

18、r three times.My father has gone to Shanghai for a meeting.（去了尚未回来）（去过已回来）考点大观考点大观易错辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练解析解析【典例1】用since/for填空1. My aunt has lived in Australia_15 days.2. Margaret is in her office. She has been there_7 oclock.3. India has been an independent country_1974.考查现在完成时标志词。题1中，15 days为时间段，选用for。题2

19、、3中， 7 oclock和1974为时间点，选用since。forsincesince考点大观考点大观易错辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练解析解析【典例2】My parents _Nanjing twice. A. have gone to B. have been to C. have been in D. are in 考查现在完成时。句意：我父母去过南京两次。have gone to去了尚未回来；have been to去过已经回来，锁定题眼twice，只能选择答案B。考点大观考点大观易错辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练解析解析【典例3】I havent decided when to vis

20、it my grandpa _. A. neverB. still C. already D. yet考查现在完成时标志词。句意：我还没有决定什么时候去看我爷爷。never，still仅用于句中，already用于肯定句，yet用于否定句、疑问句，故答案选D。考点大观考点大观易错辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练解析解析【典例4】Has he _ been to Shanghai? A. already B. yet C. ever D. still考查现在完成时标志词。句意：他曾去过上海吗？由题目可知为现在完成时。根据句意“曾经”，选用ever。考点大观考点大观易错辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练解析

21、解析【典例5】Have you met Mr Li _？ A. just B. ago C. before D. a moment ago考查现在完成时标志词。句意：你以前见过李先生吗？ago用于一般过去时，just用于句中，答案只能选C。语法专项课件语法专项课件（现在完成时（现在完成时3）语法透析语法透析考点大观考点大观易错辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练考点大观考点大观易错辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练现在完成时用法表示到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作。表示过去发生的动作,强调结果或对现在的影响。表示从过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态。I have already lost the key.

22、They have built many buildings in this city. 用法He has lived in Shanghai for five years.考点大观考点大观易错辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练易错点非延续性动词转化为延续性动词短暂性动词不能跟表示一段时间的短语连用，被称为非延续性动词。为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词来代替非延续性动词。buy, borrow, arrive, come, die, fall, go, join, leave等。常见的非延续性动词考点大观考点大观易错辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练易错点他入党五年了。He joined the

23、 Party five years ago .He has been in the Party for five years.He has been a Party member for five years.考点大观考点大观易错辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练易错点转化规律转化规律考点大观考点大观易错辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练易错点arrivebe in/atstartbe oncome backbe backmarrybe marriedopenbe openclosebe closedcatch a coldhave a coldfall asleepbe asleep考点大观考点大观易错

24、辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练易错点The football match began at 9:00a.m.The football match has been on since 9:00 a.m.My teacher left Nanjing 3 days ago.My teacher has been away from Nanjing for 3 days.考点大观考点大观易错辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练解析解析【典例1】She _ for ten years and now she has a lovely daughter. A. married B. has been marrie

25、d C. got married D. has got married考查现在完成时。marry是非延续性动词，用于现在完成时的时候，需转化为be married，故选B。考点大观考点大观易错辨析易错辨析通关训练通关训练解析解析【典例2】I _ my hometown for a long time. I really miss it. A. left B. went away from C. have left D. have been away from考查现在完成时。leave为非延续性动词，用于现在完成时的时候，需转化为延续性动词be away from，故选D。考点大观考点大观易错辨

26、析易错辨析通关训练通关训练解析解析【典例3】The astronaut is so tired that he _ for eleven hours. A. has been asleep B. has fallen asleep C. has gone to sleep D. has gone to sleep考查现在完成时。sleep是非延续性动词，用于现在完成时的时候，需转化为be asleep，故选A。一般过去时和现在完成时知识定位能力要求两者定义掌握考点掌握形式两者形式时间状语使用条件动词词形过去式过去分词现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：定义中的考点现在完成时一般过去时1.肯定形式：主

27、语 +have/has done sth.1.肯定形式：主语 + 动词过去式 （did） + sth.主语 + was/were + 表语成分2.否定形式：主语 + have/has not done sth. have not=havent, has not = hasnt2.否定形式：主语 + did + not + 动词原形 + sth.主语 + was/were + not +表语成分3.问句形式：Have/Has + 主语 + done sth3.问句形式： Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + sth？Was/Were + 主语 + 表语成分？现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：时间状语的

28、不同现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：使用词类的不同典题直击（2013年内江） 37. Though he _ the book three times, he hopes to（2013年呼和浩特） 2. Excuse me，look at the sign NO PHOTOS! 重点难点易混掌握两者的时间状语。掌握两者的定义，明确使用两者的时间和条件。无时间状语时，根据语境选择使用现在完成时还是一般过去时。过去动作/行为对目前是否有影响。建议：多把阅读理解中出现的现在完成时和一般过去时的句子进行比较，积累。根据题目要求，正确写出完成时和一般过去时的形式。must与与have to区别区别Mod

29、el verbsmusthave to dont need todont have to Must sb?Do / Does sb. have to ?(必须必须)(不得不不得不)1. 表示义务、命令或必要，后面接不带to的动词不定式。 Soldiers must obey orders. We must keep our word.2. must 用在否定句结构中表示“不允许、禁止”。 He must not leave his room. You mustnt smoke in the office.must用法用法3. must用在一般疑问句中，肯定回答用must，否定回答用neednt

30、 或dont have to Must I hand it in before five? No, you _. Yes, you _.neednt. / dont have to must1. have to 由have + to组成。因此具有have的各种时态。 He is an invalid and has to have a nurse. She knew what she had to do. I shall have to reconsider my position. He is always having to exercise judgment.have to用法用法1.

31、含义不同： must 表示说话人的主观思想，强调个人意志 和主观的决心。 have to 侧重于客观上的必要，强调客观条件 作用的结果。 You must do it now. I have to go now.must与与have to区别区别3. 否定含义不同在否定句中, have to表示不需要，must则表示不允许。You dont have to go there.You mustnt go there.2. 适用时态不同must 只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时（在间接引语中）；have to 可用于更多的场合。She said she must do well in her Eng

32、lish.1. Im going on a field trip but I havent decided _. A. what to do B. to do what C. where to go D. to go where2. Excuse me. Would you please tell me _ buy a digital camera?A. what to B. where to C. what I can D. where can I I. 单项选择。单项选择。Exercise疑问词 + 动词不定式Grammar动词不定式To do that sort of thing is

33、foolish。I want to see you this evening.All you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She came here to study English. I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 主语主语 宾语宾语表语表语 定语定语 状语状语 宾补宾补To master a foreign language is really important nowadays.To give

34、up smoking is right.1.当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。2. 放弃吸烟是对的。作主语作主语Fred didnt have any money, so he decided to look for a job.He promised not to tell anyone about it.1. Fred 没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。2. 他答应不告诉任何人这事。作宾语作宾语My job is to teach English.To see is to believe.1. 我的工作是教英语。2. 眼见为实。作表语作表语Do you have anything to say?1.

35、 你有什么要说的吗?2. Betty是第一个知道这真相的人。 Betty was the first to know the truth.作定语作定语He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard.They jumped with joy to hear the news.Im too tired to walk any further tonight.目的状语.原因状语.结果状语作状语作状语She asked me to stay here.1. 她叫我待在这儿。2.请允许我介绍Mr. White给你们。 Please allow me to i

36、ntroduce Mr. White to you.作宾补作宾补适用于“疑问词+不定式动词”的动词包括：“know, see, decide, tell, ask, consider, discover, explain, forget, guess, hear, imagine, inquire, learn, remember，think, wonder, understand”等。 有点值得特别注意的是：当这结构当宾语时，它的作用等于名词分句，例如： (1) I could not decide which dictionary to buy. / I could not decide

37、which dictionary I should buy. (2) Jack did not know where to find such a good teacher./ Jack did not know where he could find such a good teacher.有些动词，如“ask, show, tell, advise, inform, teach”等，可以先有个宾语，然后接着加上适当的“疑问词+不定式动词” 结构。例如： Have you told him where to get the application form?注意注意A.有些动词后面的不定式不

38、带to，如feel（一感）hear, listen to（二听）make, have, let（三让） see, watch, notice, observe（四看）.I heard them sing a pop song .The teacher made me answer the question.We watched them play football . B. 动词不定式的否定式只须在to 前加 not.My father decided not to take up the job.The teacher told us not to be late again.注意注意C.

39、带疑问词的动词不定式在to 前加疑问词。Mr. Lin will teach us how to use the computer.Can you tell me where to get the book?注意注意D. 作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去to 后面的动词，只保留to 。A:Would you like to come to my party?Mary wanted to use my bike, but I asked her not to ( use my bike).B: Yes , Id love to ( come to your party).Mar

40、y想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。注意注意1. Im going on a field trip but I havent decided _. A. what to do B. to do what C. where to go D. to go where2. Excuse me. Would you please tell me _ buy a digital camera?A. what to B. where to C. what I can D. where can I I. 单项选择。单项选择。Exercisebe + adjective + enough + to-infinit

41、ive“be + adjective + enough + to-infinitive”结构常用来描述一个人的品质或能力。表示“某人在某方面已经能够达到做某事的程度”。在使用本句型的时候，要注意主语和be动词的一致性。形容词前没有任何诸如very，quite等之类的修饰词。该句型可以用so+adj.+that(如此以至于)结构进行替换。如：He is strong enough to lift the heavy box.He is so strong that he can lift the heavy box.“tooadjectiveto do sth.”意为“太而不能”表示否定意义；不

42、定式之前可以带for sb.，表示不定式动作的执行者。如果在too之前加上not或never，该结构就不再有否定意义。如： The house is too expensive for him to buy.对他来说这房子太贵了，买不起。He is never too old to learn.活到老，学到老。Work out the rule!“tooto.”结构可以与“so. that. ”结构及“not. enough to do sth”互换。My brother is too young to join the army.=My brother is so young that he

43、 cant join the army.=My brother is not old enough to join the army.我弟弟太年轻了不能参军。知识总结1. discussion n. 讨论【链接】discuss v.讨论discuss with sb.和某人讨论2. express v. 表达，express oneself表达自己的思想。3. on ones own 某人自己；独立地4. be busy with sth. 忙于某事be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事Language points Language points SummaryWe can:use

44、 “be + adjective + enough + to-infinitive”to describe a persons personality and abilities.use “too + adjective + to-infinitive” to express a negative result.被动语态精品课件被动语态精品课件语态是动词的一种形式，表示的是主语和谓语之间的关系。英语中的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。当主语是谓语的执行者时，用主动语态。当主语是谓语的承受者时，用被动语态。汉语中常用“被，给 ，由，受”等词来表示被动，而英语中则用“be +动词的过去分词”来表示

45、。 Example:We clean the classroom every day.我们每天都打扫教室。The classroom is cleaned (by us) every day.教室每天都被(我们)打扫。1.被动语态的概念 Presentation2.被动语态的基本用法动作的执行者是泛指或者不言自明时。 None of the books was taken away.没有一本书被拿走。在不知道动作的执行者是谁时。The toy is designed for children.这款玩具是为孩子们设计的。需要强调动作的承受者时。My bike was repaired.我的自行车

46、修好了。出于委婉或礼貌而避谈动作的执行者时。在被动语态的句子中, 如果我们需要指出动作的执行者, 可以由by引出。 Mr Wu is liked by all of his students.所有的学生都喜欢吴老师。The problem was talked about just now.这个问题刚才被讨论过。3.一般现在时的被动语态的结构肯定句：主语+am/is/are +过去分词+其他.Example：English is taught by him. 否定句：主语+am/is/are +not+过去分词+其他.Example：English isnt taught by him.一般疑

47、问句：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词+其他？Example: Is English taught by him? 特殊疑问句：疑问词am/is/are+ 主语 + 过去分词+其他？ Example: Who is taught English by him? 4.一般过去时的被动语态的结构肯定句：主语+was/were+过去分词+其他.Example： The bridge was built in 1999.否定句：主语+ was/were+not+过去分词+其他.Example： The bridge wasnt built in 1999. 一般疑问句：Was/Were +

48、主语 + 过去分词+其他？Example: Was the bridge built in 1999?特殊疑问句：疑问词was/were+ 主语 + 过去分词+其他？ Example: When was the bridge built?主动语态变被动语态第一步：主宾互换。第二步：谓语动词变为“be+过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态。第三步： “be+过去分词” + by +原主语。（有时by+原主语可省）第四步：时间、地点状语等保持一致。主主变变被被四四步步曲曲被动语态变化步骤宾变主,主变宾,前加by动变被,看清be, 结构分别be+pp.by many students. M

49、any students study English.English is studied主语+谓语+双宾语的句式转换主动语态主语He谓语(主动式)passed间宾me直宾a book.被动语态原直宾A book谓语(被动式)was passedtomeby原主语(改为宾格)him.原间宾(改为主格)I谓语(被动式)was passed原直宾a bookby原主语(改为宾格)him.被动语态的特殊用法1.有些动词, 其主动语态形式含有被动意义，如：系动词smell, taste, sound, feel 等，还有一些不及物动词, 常用主动语态, 和well, easily等副词连用, 含有被动

50、意义。如： read, write, draw, sell, wash, cook, clean等。 The books sell well. 这些书很畅销。The dish smells good. 这道菜闻起来很香。2. 在感官动词和使役动词的主动语态句式中, 动词不定式的to常省去, 但是在被动语态中要加上to。如：The teacher made him retell the story. He was made to retell the story by the teacher. 一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态We speak English.Englis

51、h is spoken by us.主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态 Tom broke the window. Tom broke the windows. He broke the windows. The window was broken by Tom. The windows were broken by Tom. The windows were broken by him. 主变被解题步骤主变被解题步骤:1. 找宾语找宾语 -即动作的承受者即动作的承受者2. 判断宾语的单复数判断宾语的单复数 -即即be动词的单复数动词的单复数.3. 判断动词的时态判断动词的时态 -即即be动词的

52、时态动词的时态.4. 修改谓语的时态修改谓语的时态 -即原句动词改为即原句动词改为过去分词过去分词5. 修改原句的主语修改原句的主语 -即即by+ 主语主语/ 宾格宾格. 即：宾变主即：宾变主,主变宾主变宾,前加前加by 主变被主变被,看清看清be, 结构是：结构是：be+ p.p be 随人称和时态的变化而变化。随人称和时态的变化而变化。时态名称时态名称被动语态的结构被动语态的结构一般现在时一般现在时was/were + Vp.p. 1) will/shall + be + Vp.p.2) am/is/are + going to + be + Vp.p. 现在进行时现在进行时was/wer

53、e + being + Vp.p. 现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时1)would / should + be + Vp.p. 2)was/were+going to+be+Vp.p.含有情态动词含有情态动词am/is/are + Vp.p.一般过去时一般过去时一般将来时一般将来时am/is/are + being + Vp.p. 过去进行时过去进行时have/has + been + Vp.p. had + been + Vp.p.过去将来时过去将来时must/can/may/ should. + be+Vp.p. (1) make sb. do sth. sb. be made t

54、o do sth.Mr Green made Jim do his homework at home.Jim was made to do his homework by Mr Green at home.make let have (使役动词）使役动词）hear see notice watch (感官动词）感官动词）(2) see sb. doing sth. sb. be seen doing sth.I saw him playing football at that moment.He was seen playing football at that moment.see / he

55、ar / watch /.(3).Bob sent Kate a letter last year.Kate was sent a letter by Bob last year.A letter was sent to Kate by Bob last year. tell bring write give pass lendtoEg: He told Jim a story.(4).Mum made me a new dress.I was made a new dress by Mum.A new dress was made for me by Mum.make buy drawfor

56、Eg:I bought my brother a book.注意注意: :千万不要遗漏介词或副词千万不要遗漏介词或副词。1.约翰打开了收音机。约翰打开了收音机。John turned on the radio.The radio was turned on.2.奶奶照看我姐姐。奶奶照看我姐姐。 Grandma takes care of my sister.My sister is taken care of by Grandma.We must speak to old people politely.Old people must be spoken to politely.3.3.我们必

57、须有礼貌的对老人讲话。我们必须有礼貌的对老人讲话。It was said that he would come back soon.类似的还有：类似的还有：It is reported that .It is believed that .It is hoped that .It is well-known that .1). 不及物动词没有被动语态。不及物动词没有被动语态。 如如:belong to, happen, take place, last, come true, remain, succeed, fall, die, arrive等。等。 Great changes have t

58、aken place in this city. That bike doesnt belong to Mike. 2).2).连系动词没有被动态和进行时态连系动词没有被动态和进行时态1.1.这鱼味道很好。这鱼味道很好。2.2.这条围巾摸上去很软。这条围巾摸上去很软。 The fish tastes good.The scarf feels soft.3).3).反身代词在句中作宾语时反身代词在句中作宾语时, ,不能用被动语态。不能用被动语态。【正正】You must look after yourself 【误误】Yourself must be looked after 4).4).某些动

59、词形式是主动，但含有被动的意义。某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意义。1.这书很好卖。这书很好卖。2.这种布很好洗。这种布很好洗。The book sells well.This kind of cloth washes very well.3. .这块表需要修理一下。这块表需要修理一下。The watch needs mending .=The watch needs to be mended. (sth) need want require sell write wash等词表示事物的自然属性等词表示事物的自然属性5) 5) 表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态ha

60、ve / fitI have a TV set.The coat fits me well.【正正】Look at the blackboard，please 【误误】The blackboard is looked at by you 6)6)祈使句一般没有被动语态。祈使句一般没有被动语态。1)1)不及物动词没有被动语态。不及物动词没有被动语态。4)4)祈使句一般没有被动语态。祈使句一般没有被动语态。 2) 2)系动词没有被动态和进行时系动词没有被动态和进行时态态3)3)反身代词在句中作宾语时反身代词在句中作宾语时, ,不能用被动语态。不能用被动语态。5)5)某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的