非谓语动词高考考前复习课件

1、非谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词就是非谓语动词就是 _。充当除谓语之外的成分的动词充当除谓语之外的成分的动词 句句子子成成分分主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语表语表语定语定语状语状语补语补语基本成分基本成分(必不可少的必不可少的 成分成分)附加成分附加成分(扩展成分扩展成分)不是充当谓语的不是充当谓语的 成分成分句句子子成成分分主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语表语表语定语定语状语状语补语补语这些成分一般是什么词类充当？这些成分一般是什么词类充当？名词名词这些有名词特征的成分能用什么非谓语动词充当？这些有名词特征的成分能用什么非谓语动词充当？动名词动名词和和不定式不定式表语

2、一般是什么词类充当？表语一般是什么词类充当？名词、形容词、介词短语等多种词类。名词、形容词、介词短语等多种词类。表语能用什么非谓语动词充当？表语能用什么非谓语动词充当？动名词动名词、不定式不定式、现在分词和过去分词、现在分词和过去分词补语一般是什么词类充当？补语一般是什么词类充当？名词、形容词、介词短语等多种词类。名词、形容词、介词短语等多种词类。补语能用什么非谓语动词充当？补语能用什么非谓语动词充当？不定式不定式、现在分词和过去分词、现在分词和过去分词 定语一般是什么词类充当？定语一般是什么词类充当？名词、形容词、介词短语等多种词类。名词、形容词、介词短语等多种词类。定语能用什么非谓语动词充

3、当？定语能用什么非谓语动词充当？动名词动名词、不定式不定式、现在分词和过去分词、现在分词和过去分词状语一般是什么词类充当？状语一般是什么词类充当？副词、介词短语副词、介词短语状语能用什么非谓语动词充当？状语能用什么非谓语动词充当？不定式不定式、现在分词和过去分词、现在分词和过去分词这些非谓语动词分别能充当哪些成分？这些非谓语动词分别能充当哪些成分？ 动名词只能作主语、宾语、表语和定语；不定式能充动名词只能作主语、宾语、表语和定语；不定式能充当各种成分；现在分词和过去分词不能作主语和宾语。当各种成分；现在分词和过去分词不能作主语和宾语。完成下列句子：完成下列句子：1. _ (那么那么 多多人人看

4、着看着她她), she felt very nervous. (look) 2. _ (他们所他们所有有 的的作业作业做完做完了了), the children went out to play. (finish)3. _ (没有什么没有什么有有 趣的事趣的事可做可做), he went to bed early. (do)With so many people looking at herWith all their homework finishedWith nothing interesting to do分析：分析：“看看”与与 “felt”同时发生，且是主动的。同时发生，且是主动的。

5、分析：分析：“做完做完”先于先于 “went”发生，且是被动的。发生，且是被动的。分析：分析：“可做可做”是是went之后发生，且是主动的。之后发生，且是主动的。想一想：想一想：依句意待完成部分在句中说明主句的依句意待完成部分在句中说明主句的什么？什么？伴随状语用什么结构表达？伴随状语用什么结构表达？“ “看看” ”的逻辑主语是主句主语吗？的逻辑主语是主句主语吗？“ “做完做完” ”的逻辑主语是主句主语吗？的逻辑主语是主句主语吗？想一想：想一想：依句意待完成部分在句中说明主句的依句意待完成部分在句中说明主句的什么？什么？伴随状语用什么结构表达？伴随状语用什么结构表达？“ “看看” ”是什么样的

6、动作是什么样的动作已完成、正发生还是未已完成、正发生还是未开始？开始？“ “做完做完” ”是什么样的动作是什么样的动作已完成、正发生还是未已完成、正发生还是未开始？开始？想一想：想一想：依句意待完成部分在句中说明主句依句意待完成部分在句中说明主句的什么？的什么？“ “可做可做” ”是什么样的动作是什么样的动作已完成、正发生还是未开已完成、正发生还是未开始？始？“ “可做可做” ”的逻辑主语是什么？是执行者还是承的逻辑主语是什么？是执行者还是承受者？受者？概念概念 根据刚才的完成句子题可知，英根据刚才的完成句子题可知，英语中的动词根据它们在句子中的作用语中的动词根据它们在句子中的作用分为谓语动词

7、和非谓语动词，因此，分为谓语动词和非谓语动词，因此，顾名思义，非谓语动词就是那些在句顾名思义，非谓语动词就是那些在句子中不是用作谓语成分的动词。它们子中不是用作谓语成分的动词。它们可能是可能是不同类别不同类别的不同形式，用作主的不同形式，用作主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语和状语语、宾语、表语、补语、定语和状语等等不同成分不同成分。_ 那些在句子中不是那些在句子中不是用作谓语成分的动词用作谓语成分的动词帮你 归纳特点特点1、不能单独作谓语，但非谓语动词既然是、不能单独作谓语，但非谓语动词既然是 动词，就有动词的特征动词，就有动词的特征可以有自己可以有自己 的逻辑主语，还可以有自己的宾语、表的逻辑主

8、语，还可以有自己的宾语、表 语、补语和状语：语、补语和状语： Both his parents laid off, he lives a poor life.2、虽然因不作谓语而没有人称、数的限定、虽然因不作谓语而没有人称、数的限定 和语气的变化，但有体现时间关系的各和语气的变化，但有体现时间关系的各 种体的变化和体现逻辑关系的被动语态种体的变化和体现逻辑关系的被动语态 变化形式。变化形式。 Having been punished, he seemed annoyed._Both his parents laid offHaving been punished_助你 小结种类非谓语动词非谓语

9、动词1. 不定式不定式2. 动名词动名词 3. 现在分词现在分词4. 过去分词过去分词根据基本形式，非谓语动词可以分为：根据基本形式，非谓语动词可以分为：1. 不定式：带不定式：带to或不带或不带to 的原形动词的某种体的原形动词的某种体 (to) do, (to) be done; (to) be doing; (to) have done, (to) have been done; (to) have been doing 不定式不定式1） 除了不能单独用作谓语外，不定式可以用作除了不能单独用作谓语外，不定式可以用作 其它各种成分其它各种成分 主语、宾语、表语、定语、主语、宾语、表语、定语

10、、 状语和补语；状语和补语；特点：特点：2）时间关系方面有不同的体的变化）时间关系方面有不同的体的变化 一般体、一般体、 进行体、完成体和完成进行体；逻辑关系进行体、完成体和完成进行体；逻辑关系 除了进行体和完成进行体外，其它体有被动除了进行体和完成进行体外，其它体有被动 语态形式。语态形式。 主语、宾语、表语、定语、主语、宾语、表语、定语、 状语和补语状语和补语有不同的体的变化有不同的体的变化 有被动有被动 语态形式语态形式时间关系时间关系_逻辑关系逻辑关系助你 小结2. 动名词：顾名思义，就是有动词特征但起名词动名词：顾名思义，就是有动词特征但起名词 作用的非谓语动词形式作用的非谓语动词形

11、式(原形动词的各种体原形动词的各种体+ ing) doing, being done; having done, having been done; having been doing特点：特点：1）因为在句子中只起名词作用，故动名词只能）因为在句子中只起名词作用，故动名词只能 用作名词能充当的成分用作名词能充当的成分 主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语 和定语；和定语； 主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语 和定语和定语 _ _2）时间关系方面：有不同的体的变化）时间关系方面：有不同的体的变化 一般体、一般体、 完成体和完成进行体；逻辑关系方面：除了完成体和完成进行体；逻辑关系方面：除了 完成进行

12、体外，其它体有被动语态形式。完成进行体外，其它体有被动语态形式。having been doing时间关系时间关系逻辑关系逻辑关系动名词助你 小结3. 现在分词：现在分词：-ing形式的非谓语动词在句子中起形式的非谓语动词在句子中起 名词作用时为动名词，而在句子中起其它作用名词作用时为动名词，而在句子中起其它作用 时是现在分词。形式与动名词相同：时是现在分词。形式与动名词相同： doing, being done; having done, having been done; having been doing现在分词现在分词特点：特点：1）因为在句子中不能起名词作用，故现在分词）因为在句子中

13、不能起名词作用，故现在分词 能充当的成分只有表语、定语、状语和补语；能充当的成分只有表语、定语、状语和补语；2）时间关系方面：有不同的体的变化）时间关系方面：有不同的体的变化 一般体、一般体、 完成体和完成进行体；逻辑关系方面：除了完成体和完成进行体；逻辑关系方面：除了 完成进行体外，其它体有被动语态形式。完成进行体外，其它体有被动语态形式。表语、定语、状语和补语表语、定语、状语和补语时间关系时间关系逻辑关系逻辑关系现在分词现在分词助你 小结4. 过去分词：在句子中用作表语、定语、状语和过去分词：在句子中用作表语、定语、状语和 补语表示已经完成的情况或已完成的被动情况补语表示已经完成的情况或已

14、完成的被动情况 时用的非谓语动词形式时用的非谓语动词形式 done (只一种形式只一种形式)过去分词过去分词 表示已经完成的情况或已完成的被动情况表示已经完成的情况或已完成的被动情况特点：特点：1）因为在句子中不能起名词作用，故过去分词）因为在句子中不能起名词作用，故过去分词 能充当的成分只有表语、定语、状语和补语；能充当的成分只有表语、定语、状语和补语；2）时间关系方面：一般表示已经完成的情况；）时间关系方面：一般表示已经完成的情况； 逻辑关系方面：及物动词的过去分词多表示逻辑关系方面：及物动词的过去分词多表示 被动，不及物动词的过去分词表示已经完成被动，不及物动词的过去分词表示已经完成 的

15、情况。的情况。过去分词过去分词时间关系时间关系逻辑关系逻辑关系 _ _助你 小结 四种非谓语动词的形式四种非谓语动词的形式助你 小结非谓语动词的作 用主语主语宾语宾语表语表语宾补宾补定语定语状语状语一、能用作一、能用作主语主语的非谓语动词的非谓语动词1. 不定式不定式(短语短语) To “think outside the box ” is to try new ways to solve a problem. With so many people communicating in English every day, it will become more and more importa

16、nt to have a good knowledge of English. Is it possible to be best friends even if you are thousands of miles apart? It is also thought to be a sign of good taste to say something nice about those things._ 不定式短语作主语多置于句末，而在主语的位置用不定式短语作主语多置于句末，而在主语的位置用it作形式主语，而且当不定式有某特定的执行者执行动作作形式主语，而且当不定式有某特定的执行者执行动作时

17、，应在不定式前面加上时，应在不定式前面加上 for + 执行者或执行者或of + 执行者。执行者。 _2. 动名词动名词(短语短语) Taking exercise early in the morning has become part of her retired life._ Do you think it is necessary for a foreigner to master Chinese? Why do you think it is foolish of him to shout at his boss? _ _ 动名词短语作主语表示特定的对象进行或承受的动名词短语作主语表

18、示特定的对象进行或承受的行为时，其前面应加上该动名词的执行者或承受者作其行为时，其前面应加上该动名词的执行者或承受者作其逻辑主语，该逻辑主语可以是名词的普通格、所有格或逻辑主语，该逻辑主语可以是名词的普通格、所有格或形容词性的物主代词形容词性的物主代词(作宾语时可用宾格代词作宾语时可用宾格代词)：Peters coming late made the president angry.Your passing the exam will please all your family._ _ _二、能用作二、能用作宾语宾语的非谓语动词的非谓语动词1. 不定式不定式(短语短语) When you a

19、re finished with the electric iron, dont forget _ (关掉它关掉它). (turn) (09湖北湖北) If you are feeling down, or if you are having a problem, fair-weather friends dont want to spend time or talk with you. I try to read as many books and magazines as I can find about Canada. I was pleased that the manager had

20、 decided not to be angry with me for having been so rude. to turn it off 不定式不定式(短语短语)作宾语包括：作宾语包括：1. )(牢记哦) 直接用带直接用带toto的不定式作宾语的动词有的不定式作宾语的动词有：助你 小结 afford (负担得起) / agree (同意) / aim (目的是) / apply (申请) / appear (好象/似乎) / arrange (安排) / ask (要求) / bother (烦恼/操心) / care (愿意) / choose (选择) / dare (敢) / d

21、ecide (决定) /demand (要求) /desire (想要/愿望) /determine (决定) / select (选择) /endeavor (努力/尽力/ 力图) / expect (盼望) / fail (未能、没有) /happen (碰巧) / help (有助于) / hesitate (犹豫) / hope (希望) / intend (意图/想) / learn (学会) / long (渴望) / manage (设法) / mean (意图/打算) / offer (主动提出) /plan(打算、计划) /prepare (准备)/pretend (假装)

22、/promise (许诺) /refuse (拒绝) / seem (似乎、好象) / tend (倾向于) / undertake (接受、同意) / wait (等候) / want (想) / wish (希望) / would / should like (想要) 注意哦：注意哦：某些动词某些动词(如如arrange)后接不定式作宾语时，动词的后接不定式作宾语时，动词的词义决定了该不定式前必须带词义决定了该不定式前必须带for sb. / for sth.2. ) 当宾语后面接名词、形容词等作宾补时，务必将作当宾语后面接名词、形容词等作宾补时，务必将作 宾语的不定式宾语的不定式(有时是

23、复合结构有时是复合结构)放到句末去，在宾语放到句末去，在宾语 的位置加上的位置加上it作形式宾语：作形式宾语： Not all of these are bad for us, of course, but they make it more difficult for us to control what we eat. The Internet also makes it easier for companies to keep in touch with consumers and companies in other countries.3. )“疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式”在句中的作

24、用相当于名词从句，在句中的作用相当于名词从句， 可用作主语和宾语：可用作主语和宾语： Having good table manners means knowing, for example, how to use knives and forks, when to drink a toast and how to behave at the table.4. )介词中只有介词中只有but和和except后可以接不定式：后可以接不定式： He did nothing but watch TV every night. I dont enjoy reading too much. I like

25、playing computer games. I hate hiking. Janet told the other students to stop making fun of Sarah. When Huike sees the crying Minzhi on television, he himself starts crying, but he is also happy to see her. It is polite to finish eating everything on your plate. I remember having an empty feeling in

26、my stomach and thinking that my life was going to end. It was difficult to save the palaces and buildings without destroying their old beauty. It sounded like a woman crying.2. 动名词动名词(短语短语)实例 研究 动名词作宾语只能用于动名词作宾语只能用于admit (承认承认) /advise (劝告劝告, 建议建议) /allow (允许允许) /appreciate (欣赏欣赏) /avoid (避免避免) /can

27、t help (忍不住忍不住) /cant stand (无法忍受无法忍受) /complete (完成完成) /consider (考虑考虑) /delay (延迟延迟) /deny (否认否认) /dislike (厌恶厌恶) /endure (忍受忍受)/enjoy (喜欢喜欢) /escape (逃避逃避) /excuse (原谅原谅) /fancy (设想设想) /finish (完成完成) /forbid (禁止禁止) /forgive (宽恕宽恕) /give up (放弃放弃) /imagine (想象想象) /include (包括包括) /keep (on) (继续、反复继

28、续、反复) /mind (介意介意) /miss (错过错过) /pardon (原谅原谅) /permit (允许允许) /postpone (推迟推迟) /practise (练习练习) /prevent (阻止阻止) /put off (推迟推迟) /recall (回忆回忆) /report(报道报道) /require (需要需要) /cant resist (禁不住禁不住) /risk (冒险冒险)/suggest (建议建议) / stand (忍受忍受)/stop (停止停止) /understand (理解理解) /want (需要需要)等特定动词后。等特定动词后。可得常常想

29、着俺哦！可得常常想着俺哦！ 动名词动名词(短语短语)还用于下列短语后还用于下列短语后： admit to (承认承认) / as well as / be afraid of / be fond of / be tired of / be proud of / be capable of / be good at / be worth / be engaged in / be busy in / be successful in / burst out (突然开始突然开始) / cant help / count on / devote oneself to / leave off / put

30、 off / give up / feel like (想要想要) / insist on (坚持坚持) / have trouble in / have difficulty (in ) / how about / be used to / get used to / get down to / give up / hold off / keep on / lead to / look forward to / object to / pay attention to / put off / preferto / prevent from / set about / stick to / s

31、ucceed in / take pride in / take up / think about / think of / what about / Its no good / no use 有的动词后有的动词后既能接动名词又能接不定式作既能接动名词又能接不定式作宾语宾语，且意义上有的有区别，有的没区别。，且意义上有的有区别，有的没区别。stop to do 停止手中事停止手中事, 去做另一件事去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在做的事停止正在做的事1.) 有区别的有：有区别的有： remember/forget/regret to do (指动作当时尚未发指动作当时尚未发)remem

32、ber/forget/regret doing(指动作已经发生指动作已经发生)go on to do(接着做另外一件事接着做另外一件事)go on doing(接着做同一件事接着做同一件事)try to do(设法设法, 努力去做努力去做, 尽力尽力)try doing(试试去做试试去做, 看有何结果看有何结果)mean to do(打算做打算做, 企图做企图做)mean doing (意思是意思是, 意味着意味着)cant help to do(不能帮忙做不能帮忙做) cant help doing(忍不住要做忍不住要做)_2.) 没有区别的有：没有区别的有：_begin, start, l

33、ike, love, hate, prefer, continue (接不定式多指具体的一次性的动作接不定式多指具体的一次性的动作, 接动名词多指一接动名词多指一般或习惯行为般或习惯行为)need, want, require(当主语是物时，常用动名词主动形当主语是物时，常用动名词主动形式表示被动意义式表示被动意义, 若接不定式则应用被动形式若接不定式则应用被动形式) begin, start, love, like和和prefer后接动名词和不定式意义上后接动名词和不定式意义上没什么区别，但当这些动词本身是进行体时，后面接不定式；没什么区别，但当这些动词本身是进行体时，后面接不定式；表示一种

34、习惯或倾向多接动名词作宾语表示一种习惯或倾向多接动名词作宾语, 如果表示某一特定的如果表示某一特定的或具体的行动或具体的行动, 多接不定式；下列情况下多接不定式；下列情况下start / begin后接不定后接不定式更好：式更好： A. 主语不是人而是事物时：主语不是人而是事物时：The ice began to melt. B. start / begin用用-ing形式时：形式时：I am staring to cook the dinner. C. 后面所接的动词表示感情、心理等静态意义时：后面所接的动词表示感情、心理等静态意义时： I began to understand. She

35、started to wonder. For drinking during a dinner, the best advice is _.三、能用作三、能用作表语表语的非谓语动词的非谓语动词1. 不定式不定式(短语短语) The best way to have a good swim with your new friends is _.to learn from them When Spielberg was young, his dream was _ _. to go to the Film Academy The most important thing for young Min

36、zhi is _ NOT ONE LESS before Mr. Gao returns! not to lose any more pupils from the school The custom of toasting in some parts of China is _. to finish the drink at oncenever to drink too muchThe best way(如另有逻辑主语则构成如另有逻辑主语则构成for+逻辑主语逻辑主语+ to do) The only way to get reunited is for you to apologize t

37、o them. for you to apologize to them2. 动名词动名词(短语短语) Other favourite hobbies are _. reading and singing My interests are _. reading novels, playing football and singing songs不定式和动名词作主语和表语的区别不定式和动名词作主语和表语的区别3. 现在分词现在分词(短语短语)What he said was really _.annoying(常见作表语是现在分词有常见作表语是现在分词有astonishing, encourag

38、ing, moving, tiring, disappointing, puzzling, shocking, boring, amusing)4. 过去分词过去分词(短语短语)You do not feel _ to enter them.invited Greatly _ in China are the English Romantic poets.loved When the poem is _, I close the book and my sadness is _.finishedgone分词分词(短语短语)作表语的特点和区别作表语的特点和区别 四、能用作四、能用作宾补宾补的非谓

39、语动词的非谓语动词1. 不定式不定式to do(短语短语) My teachers encouraged us to believe we could do anything and have it all. This technology may enable doctors to restore human organs in the near future. One of the most important achievements is a new kind of rice which allows farmers to increase production. to believe

40、 we could do anything and have it all to restore human organs in the near future to increase production 由上述例子可知，大多数谓语动词后面的宾语补语由上述例子可知，大多数谓语动词后面的宾语补语表示谓语表示谓语之后的行为之后的行为时用带时用带to的不定式：的不定式： advise / allow / ask / beg / call on / cause / challenge (要求要求) / command (指挥指挥/命令命令) / consider / drive / enable(使

41、能够使能够)/ encourage / expect / forbid / force / get / instruct (指示指示) / intend / invite / order / permit / persuade / remind / report / request / require (要求要求) / select / send (差遣差遣) / suppose (假设假设) / teach / tell / train / trust / urge / wait for / want / warn / wish / would like / would love / wou

42、ld prefer2. 不定式不定式to be (短语短语) We believe him to be guilty.to be guilty We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class. to be one of the best students in our class 接不定式接不定式to be (短语短语) 作宾补的谓语动词有：作宾补的谓语动词有：appoint / believe / consider / declare (宣称宣称) / discover / fancy (设想设想) / feel / f

43、ind / guess / imagine / judge (断定断定) / know / like / prove / suppose / think / understand3. 不带不带to的不定式的不定式(短语短语) Wei Bin took out some peanuts and it was fun to see the monkey eat from his hand.eat from his hand Pop music makes people feel easy and forget about the real world; rock music makes peopl

44、e think about the world and how to make their life better. feel easy and forget about the real world think about the world and how to make their life betterReading helps us understand the world.understand the world用于感官动词和用于感官动词和let, have, help, make后。后。4. 现在分词现在分词(短语短语) What did you see him doing wh

45、en you passed him? What doing There are many recipes for simple and healthy snacks that taste great and keep us going.going 现在分词作宾补主要用于感官动词和现在分词作宾补主要用于感官动词和keep, catch, set, send, start, leave等特殊使役动词及介词等特殊使役动词及介词with, 表示谓语表示谓语动词发生时正在发生的主动动作。动词发生时正在发生的主动动作。 With so many people communicating in Englis

46、h every day, it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English. communicating in English every day5. 过去分词过去分词(短语短语) _ _ When you look around at buildings, streets, squares and parks, you will find them designed, planned and built in different styles. designed, planned and bu

47、ilt in different styles Frank Lloyd Wright, who built an art museum in New York, found himself inspired by Japanese seashells. inspired by Japanese seashells More than ninety responsible and caring citizens made their voices heard today.heard today Every great culture in the past had its own ideas o

48、f beauty expressed in art and architecture. expressed in art and architecture They wanted their buildings constructed in a way to look unnatural. constructed in a way to look unnatural Please get the work done as soon as possible. done as soon as possible I want you to keep me informed of how things

49、 are going with you. informed of how things aregoing with you 过去分词过去分词作作宾补用于感官动词和作作宾补用于感官动词和make, have, want, get, keep, would like等动词后等动词后, 表示句中宾语所承受的被表示句中宾语所承受的被动行为。动行为。 A growing number of overseas Chinese have grasped the opportunity to develop their ideas at home. 五、能用作五、能用作定语定语的非谓语动词的非谓语动词1. 不

50、定式不定式(短语短语) They can give us a chance to practise our cooking skills. The first 100 customers to visit the store will be given a present. I have a lot of work to attend to.to visit the store to develop their ideas at home The best way to have a good swim with your new friends is to learn from them.

51、to have a good swim with your new friends_ _ _ He did not have time to finish what he was saying.to finish what he was saying_ to practise our cooking skills 注意：下列词语后用非谓语动词作定语时常接不定式注意：下列词语后用非谓语动词作定语时常接不定式(短语短语)： wish, right, courage, need, promise, opportunity, way, time, chance , the first, the sec

52、ond, the last, the only等作不定式的状语。等作不定式的状语。 (若被饰词为不定式短语的承受者(宾语), 则不定式必须能接宾语且缺宾语, 即必须是缺宾语的及物动词或不及物动词+介词等)to attend to_(如另有逻辑主语则构成如另有逻辑主语则构成for+逻辑主语逻辑主语+ to do) _ Cutting down trees and selling the wood was the only way for poor farmers to make some money and feed their families. Shanghai is the first c

53、ity in the world to have built a high-speed maglev train, from the city to Pudong Airport. The blues is a way for people to show who they are and what is in their heart. The great moment for European literature to come to China is between 1910 and the late 1930s. for poor farmers to make some money

54、and feed their families _ _ for people to show who they are and what is in their heart _ _ for European literature to come to China _ _ 由上述例子可知，由上述例子可知，自带逻辑主语的不定式自带逻辑主语的不定式(不定式的不定式的复合结构复合结构 for +逻辑主语逻辑主语 + 不定式不定式)也可以用作定语。也可以用作定语。 There is much yet to be discovered. There is a wide variety of new mus

55、ic to be discovered in every corner of the world.由上述例子可知，作定语的不定式有由上述例子可知，作定语的不定式有“体体”和语态的变化。和语态的变化。 to have built a high- speed maglev train _to be discovered_ to be discoveredin every corner of the world _Eating habits become part of who we are. 2. 动名词动名词 Many hospitals and schools offer training c

56、lasses for people who are interested in learning first aid. 动名词作定语时，表示的是被修饰的词的功能、动名词作定语时，表示的是被修饰的词的功能、作用或用途而决非行为动作作用或用途而决非行为动作(表示行为动作的表示行为动作的-ing分词分词是现在分词是现在分词)。3. 现在分词现在分词(短语短语)Kwanzaa is a seven-day festival celebrating the culture and history of African Americans. People who see Xiaohua would nev

57、er guess that she is one of millions of children in the world living and dying with AIDS. living and dying with AIDS The ocean and seas surrounding the islands are deep blue.surrounding the islands 由上述例子可知，现在分词短语作定语多数表示被由上述例子可知，现在分词短语作定语多数表示被饰词现在或当时正在进行中的行为。饰词现在或当时正在进行中的行为。 _ When Huike sees the cry

58、ing Minzhi on television, he himself starts crying.crying但有时也可能表示但有时也可能表示包括现在在内的经常性的情况包括现在在内的经常性的情况： celebrating the culture and history of African AmericansHe lives in the house facing the sea.facing the sea4. 过去分词过去分词(短语短语) The breakthrough, made by scientists in Shanghai, gives hope to cancer pat

59、ients all over the world and makes China one of the world leaders in the battle against the deadly disease. The peaceful meeting ended when the company sent out a group of angry men armed with sticks to fight with the citizens. armed with sticks But at other moments you will find him gentle and weak

60、, as when he cries about the lost lives of people drowned in ships that have sunk.drowned in ships that have sunk Great Britain is a nation of different countries held together by a common language and culture. held together by a common language and culture Much of the wisdom discovered by early Chi