高一英语阅读理解模拟试题及解析

1、高一英语阅读理解模拟试题及解析一、高中英语阅读理解1 .阅读理解Atop almost every Tokyo visitor's must-see list, Harajuku is one of the city's most named- checked neighborhoods. Here's a quick look at some of the highlights every Harajuku visitor should experience.Takeshita StreetThe first thing you're going to wan

2、t to do is get sucked into the vortex of Takeshita Street, the best place to try purikuru photo booths and observe the latest cosplay trends - from Cothic Lolita to cyberpunk.WEGO is a popular fashion chain offering the latest trends and a section for vintage clothes. Tutuanna is where you can find

3、interesting socks that will add an ample dose of kawaii to your outfit.Cat StreetCat Street is more relaxing place to stroll and shop, with stores focusing on higher-end brands.RAGTAG is the best place to find second-hand items. Harajuku Chicago boasts a wide variety of vintage clothes, including ba

4、seball team happi coats and traditional kimonos.Omotesando AvenueAnother famous shopping street Omotesando Avenue is a large, tree-lined thoroughfare that cuts through Harajuku and is filled with hundreds of shops and restaurants.Sukajyan Dept, a tiny souvenir jacket store, is packed with the works

5、of Ken Kakinuma. TOKYU Plaza Omotesando Harajuku is where you'll find that famous mirrored entranceway that so many travelers share on the internet.(1) If you want to buy vintage clothing, where should you go?A.WEGO & Tutuanna.B.Sukajyan Dept & RAGTAG.C.WEGO & Harajuku Chicago.D.RAGT

6、AG & Harajuku Chicago.(2) When visiting Omotesando Avenue, you may .A.buy interesting socks.B.take a relaxing walk.C.try purikura photo booths.D.post the mirrored entranceway online.(3) Which section of the website may the text be chosen from?A.Travel.B.Business.C.Entertainment.D.Fashion.【答案】(1)

7、 CD（3） A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了东京原 宿三条著名的商业街及其特色。（1）考查细节理解。根据 Takeshita Street 部分中的"WEGOs a popular fashion chain offering. vintage clothes 可知，WEGO销售老式衣服；根据 Cat Street 部分中的“HarajukuChicago boasts a wide variety of vintage clothes 可知， Harajuku Chicago 也卖老式衣服。故选 Co（2）考查推理判断。根据 Omotesando Avenue 部分中的

8、"Tokyu Plaza Omotesando Harajuku is. that so many travelers share on the Internet 可知，原宿表参道东急购物中心是许多游客 在网上分享的著名的有镜子的入口的地方。可推知，在参观表参道大街的时候，你可能做 的事情是找到在网上发布有镜子的入口。故选D。（3）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的Atop almost every Tokyo visitor's must-see list和"every Harajuku visitor should experience和下文的内容可知，本文主要为旅游

9、者介绍东京 原宿的旅游商业街。可知，本文可能选自网站的旅游版块。故选 Ao【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需 要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。2 .阅读理解Three boys were enjoying themselves in their hometown of Bovina, Mississippi .However, their lives were turned upside down when they discovered the jawbone of a Mastodon （齿孚L象）.Brother

10、s Shawn and Caid Sellers and cousin Michael Mahalitc found the prehistoric bone in a piece of earth that was recently plowed （ 犁、耕）."I thought it was a log," Caid said. "I tried to pick it up and it was really heavy and I saw teeth on it." The bone weighed about 50 pounds. They e

11、ventually got the bone to their home and fitted it in their tub （ 浴盆）,but it took their collective strength, might and a golf cart, to carry the large Mastodon bone."They didn't expect to find that," Michael's mom said. "Now that they have, I believe that they will be more awa

12、re of their surroundings and what they're digging up when they are digging and playing.""We've gotten a lot of petrified （石化的）wood and Civil War relics from the area and that'swhat I thought it was," the brothers' mother said. "This is our first set of teeth we

13、9;ve found. So we thought it was their imagination. We were quite surprised to see that it was not their imagination."They were exploring near the brothers' home. Lo and behold （ 真想不至U ）, they saw what they thought resembled a fossil. It was the curator of paleontology （ 古生物负责人 ）of the Miss

14、issippi Museum of Natural Science, George Phillips, who first identified the bone as a "very mature individual."The Mastodon was a mammal who lived during the prehistoric times. They had long tusks and trunks, like elephants. They were clearly different from their modern-day counterparts,

15、as well as woolly mammoths （猛吗）.（1） How did they find the jawbone of a Mastodon?A. With great efforts.B. By chance.C. Instructed by an expert.D. Through imagination.(2) At first the brothers' mother thought the jawbone wasA. from people who died in the Civil War B. the bone from a very mature in

16、dividualC. like a log or somethingD. the prehistoric bone(3) The discovery of the jawbone of a Mastodon is important mainly because it A. helps people to know more about the Civil War B. teaches kids to be more aware of their surroundingsC. promotes the research on more prehistoric creatures D. attr

17、acts the Mississippi Museum of Natural Science(4) Which of the following can be the best title for the article?A. Prehistoric Bones Recently Found in Mississippi B. Not Petrified Wood Nor Civil War RelicsC. First Identifying Bone as a "Very Mature Individual" D. Unexpectedly Discovering Ma

18、stodon Jawbone【答案】(1) BA(3) C(4) D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，美国密西西比的三个男孩在玩耍的时候无意中发现了齿乳象的颗骨，起初他们并不知道这是史前生物的遗骸，所发现的遗骸对史前生物的研 究有较强的促进作用。(1) 考查细节理解。根据第段“Three boys were enjoying themselves in their hometown ofBovina, Mississippi .However, their lives were turned upside down when they discovered the jawbone of a M

19、astodon (齿乳象).可知他们是在玩耍的时候无意中发现齿乳象的颗骨的。故 选Bo(2)考查判断推理。根据第四段中的"We've gotten a lot of petrified (石化的)wood and CivilWar relics from the area and that's what I thought it was可知之前他们曾经发现过一些石化的木材以及内战时的遗物，所以他的母亲认为这次他们发现的还是内战里死亡的人的遗物。故选Ao(3)考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的"It was the curaor of paleontology

20、(古生物负责人)of the Mississippi Museum of Natural Science, George Phillips, who first identified the bone as a'very mature individual.可知齿乳象的颗骨的发现可以促进对史前生物的研究。故选C(4)考查主旨大意。本文是一篇记叙文，美国密西西比的三个男孩在玩耍的时候无意中发现了史前巨物齿乳象的颗骨，起初他们并不知道这是史前生物的遗骸，所发现的遗骸对史前生物的研究有较强的促进作用。故选Do【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅 读，

21、要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推 理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3 .阅读理解Oil is essential for modern life. About 64 percent of the world's oil is located in the Middle East, but the heaviest consumers of oil are Europe, America, and Japan. The problem lies in getting the oil from the countries that produce

22、it to the countries that consume it. This is mainly done using oil tankers. Usually the oil is shipped safely and with no problems, but occasionally there is a disaster.Every year millions of tons of oil are spilled into the ocean. Although this is only a small percentage of the total amount shipped

23、 around the world each year, this spilled oil can have terrible effects on ocean life, including the coastlines where the oil washes up onto shore.One of the worst oil spills in history occurred along the Alaskan coastline in 1989, when the Exxon Valdez tanker ran aground off the coast of Alaska, sp

24、illing 42 million liters of oil. Although it wasn't the largest oil spill, the disaster was terrible because it occurred in such a sensitive natural area. In this spill, the tanker's captain, who was tired from overwork and drinking alcohol, had gone to take a rest. He gave control of the sh

25、ip to another sailor, who was unfamiliar with the route. The ship ran onto Bligh Reef. Damaged by the reef, the ship leaked oil out into the ocean. More than 1,600 kilometers of coastline were affected by the oil spill. Many birds and otters died as a result of the oil covering their skin, and many

26、other sea creatures and the animals that fed on them were also severely affected.(1) Which country is NOT among the largest consumers of oil?A. JapanB. IraqC. AmericaD. Germany(2) What does the underlined"them" refer to?A. The birds. B. The otters. C. The sea creatures. D. The birds and th

27、e otters.(3) Which of the following statement is true?A. The oil leak of Alaska is because the captain was unfamiliar with the route. B. Many birds and otters died from eating the spilled oil.C. Alaska spill was the most serious spill of all time. “D. Although some oil leak is not serious, it will a

28、ffect ocean life.【答案】(1) BC3 3) D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一次严重的油船漏油事件。(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段可知，最大的耗油国为欧洲的国家，美国和日本。Iraq伊拉克”不属于其中之一，故选Bo(2)考查细节理解。根据第三段可知，很多以海洋生物为食的动物也都因为油船漏油而受到了影响。故选Co(3)考查推理判断。根据第三段可知，A选项的漏油事件是由于船长劳累和喝酒去休息了，另一个水手不熟悉路线而造成的。B选项不是死于吃油，而是死于羽毛被油粘住了。C选项Alaska漏油事件并非史上最严重的。故选 D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的

29、考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。4 .阅读理解As the days get shorter and the chilly weather rolls in, we all want to curl up in a blanket and hibernate until spring rolls around. But making time to get outside in the sun, even when it's cold out, could have bigger mood benefits than you

30、 might realize.While the link between sunshine and mental health is nothing new, new research from Brigham Young University(BYU) has shown that the association may be even stronger than previously realized. It finds that sunlight exposure is by far the greatest weather-related factor determining men

31、tal health outcomes. In other words: more sunshine, more happiness.For the study, a psychologist, a physicist and a statistician from BYU teamed up to compare daily environmental data from the university's Physics and Astronomy Weather Station with emotional health data archived by day for 16,45

32、2 adult therapy patients who were being treated at the BYU Counseling and Psychological Services Center.Exposure to sunlight is a significant factor in seasonal affective disorder. Research has shown that the brain produces more of the feel-good neurotransmitter serotonin on sunny days than it does

33、on darker days. What's more, lack of sunlight is linked with lower vitamin D levels, which in turn has been correlated with depression and low energy.If you're getting enough sun, your emotions should remain relatively stable, the researchers found. But as the amount of sunlight in the day i

34、s reduced, levels of emotional pain can soar. Other weather variables including temperature, pollution and rain were not found to have an impact on mental health."We were surprised that many of the weather and pollution variables we included in the study were not significantly correlated with c

35、lients' scores on the distress measure once we had accounted for suntime," Dr. Mark Beecher, a professor of psychology at the university and the study's lead author, told The Huffington Post. "People tend to associate rainy days, pollution, and other meteorological phenomena with s

36、adness or depression, but we did not find that."(1) What does the author suggest we do in Paragraph 1?A.Realized the benefits of sunshine.B.Avoid hibernating in springtime.C.Curl up in a blanket in cold weather.D.Enjoy sunshine even in cold weather.(2) The underlined word "soar" in Pa

37、ragraph 5 most probably means " "?A.Rise sharply.B.Vary unstably.C.Drop slightly.D.Change greatly.(3) What does the passage say about the research done by BYU?A.It is done on normal adults of various ages.B.It is carried out by Dr Mark Beecher alone.C.It concludes the sunshine means happin

38、ess.D.It finds that temperature affects mental health.(4) What can be inferred from the passage?A.Lower vitamin D levels are helpful in keeping us energeticB.The research findings are inconsistent with the popular belief.C.The more sunshine we get, the less excited we are likely to feel.D.The link b

39、etween sunshine and mental health was unknown before.【答案】（ 1 ） D（ 2） A（ 3） C（ 4） B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明：阳光照射是影响心理健康结果的最重要的天气因素。换句话说：阳光越多，幸福越多。（ 1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“ But making time to get outside in the sun, even whenit's cold out, could have bigger mood benefits than you might realize 花时间晒太阳，甚至当外”

40、面很冷的时候也要这样做，这可能对你的情绪有很大好处。可知，作者建议我们晒太阳，哪怕天气很冷。故选D。（ 2）考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的“ Ifyou're getting enough sun, your emotions shouldremain relatively stable, the researchers found. But as the amount of sunlight in the day is reduced, levels of emotional pain can soar. 如果你获得足够的阳光，你的情绪应该会保持相 ” 对地稳定。可以推知，当光照量减少

41、的时候，人们的情绪就不会那么稳定，痛苦情绪就会增加。故选A。（ 3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ Itfinds that sunlight exposure is by far the greatestweather-related factor determining mental health outcomes. In other words: more sunshine, more happiness. 研究发现，阳光照射是影响心理健康结果最重要的天气因素。换句话说： ” 阳光越多，越快乐。故选C。（ 4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ Peopletend to associat

42、e rainy days, pollution, andother meteorological phenomena with sadness or depression, but we did not find that 人们倾向”于将雨天、污染和其他气象现象与悲伤或抑郁联系起来，但我们的研究没有发现这一点。可知，BYU的研究结果和大众的看法不一致。故选Bo【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选 出正确答案。5 阅读理解Recent summer temperatures i

43、n parts of Australia were high enough to melt asphalt. As global warming speeds up the heat and climatic events increase, many plants may be unable to cope. But at least one species of eucalyptus tree c an resist extreme heat by continuing to“ sweat ” whenother essential processes stop, a new study

44、finds.As plants change sunlight into food, or photosynthesize （光合作用）, they absorb carbondioxide through pores on their leaves. These pores also release water via transpiration（ 蒸腾 ）, which circulates nutrients through the plant and helps cool it by evaporation（ 蒸发 ）. But exceptionally high temperatu

45、res are known to greatly reduce photosynthesis and most existing plant models suggest this should also decrease transpiration, leaving trees in danger of fatally overheating. Because it is difficult for scientists to control and vary trees' conditions in their natural environment, little is know

46、n about how individual species handle this situation.Ecologist John Drake of the S.U.N.Y.College of Environmental Science and Forestry and his colleagues grew a dozen Parramatta red gum (Eucalyptus parramattensis) trees in large, climate- controlled plastic pods that separated the trees from the sur

47、rounding forest for a year in Richmond, Australia. Six of the trees were grown at surrounding air temperatures and six at temperatures three degrees Celsius higher. The researchers withheld (扣留)water from the surface soil of all 12 trees for a month to imitate a mild dry spell, then induced a four-d

48、ay “extreme " heat wave: They raised the maximum temperatues in half of the pods (three with surrounding temperatures and three of the warmer ones ) to 44 degrees C.Photosynthesis ground to a near halt in the trees facing the artificial heat wave. But to the researchers' surprise, these tre

49、es continued to transpire at close-to-normal levels, effectively cooling themselves and their surroundings. The trees grown in warmer conditions coped just as well as the others, and photosynthesis rates bounced back to normal after the heat wave passed, Drake and his colleagues reported online in G

50、lobal Change Biology.The researchers think the Parramatta red gums were able to effectively sweat even without photosynthesis - because they are particularly good at tapping into water deep in the soil. But if a heat wave and a severe drought ( 干旱)were to hit at the same time and the groundwater was

51、 exhausted, the trees may not be so lucky, Drake says.Other scientists call the finding encouraging."It's definitely good news," says Trevor Kecologist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, who was not part of the study."It would bevery interesting to know how this translates

52、to other species,“ he adds. Drake hopes to conductsimilar experiments with trees common in North America.(1) How does one species of eucalyptus tree cope with extreme heat waves?A. By releasing water.B. By blocking sunlight.C. By absorbing groundwater.D. By reducing photosynthesis.(2) What did the r

53、esearchers do during their study?A. They grew all the trees in artificial temperatures. B. They induced a heat wave in a dozen pods of trees.C. They created climate-controlled surroundings for trees. D. They varied trees' conditions in their natural environment.(3) The underlined phrase “ground

54、to a near halt " in Paragraph 4 means ":.A. continuedB. substitutedC. strengthenedD. ceased(4) What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?A. Photosynthesis is necessary for the trees to sweat. B. No further experiments will be done other species.C. Other species will be transplanted

55、 to North America. D. Groundwater helps the trees survive the extreme heat.【答案】(1) AC (3) D( 4) D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，联合国环境科学与林业学院的生态学家John Drake和他的同事们通过对红桉树做实验，得出结论：在极度的高温中，红桉树仍然可以通过释放水分来抵抗热浪，获得生存。(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“ Butat least one species of eucalyptus tree can resistextreme heat by continuing to '

56、;sweat ”可知，桉树通过 “流汗 ”，即释放水分来抵抗极度的 热，故选A。(2)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"EcologisJohn Drake and his colleagues grew a dozenParramatta red gum trees in large, climate -controlled plastic pods that separated the trees from the surrounding forest for a year in Richmond, Australia. 可知，研究者们将” 12 棵红桉树种植在巨大的，气候受控制的塑

57、料舱里，这种塑料仓将这些树和周围的森林分离开来。可知，研究者们为这些树创造了一个气候受控制的生长环境，故选C。(3)考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“ But exceptionally high temperatures are known to greatlyreduce photosynthesis 可知，极度的高温会减少光合作用。由第四段后面的内容可知，令 ”研究者们惊讶的是，面对着人工制造出来的热浪，这些树继续以接近正常的水平蒸发，有效地使自己和周围的环境凉爽下来。结合这两点可以推知，面对人工制造出来的热浪，光合作用应该是大大减少，但这并没有影响树木的蒸发。划线部分意思应当接近于“大大减

58、少，降低”这一类的意思cease意为 停止"，故选D。(4)考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“ The researchers think the Parramatta red gums wereable to effectively sweat even without photosynthesis because they are particularly good at tapping into water deep in the soil. But if a heat wave and a severe drought (干旱)were to hitat the same t

59、ime and the groundwater was exhausted, the trees may not be so lucky, Drake says.可知，这些树擅长吸取地下水，如果热浪干旱同时发生，地下水枯竭的话，那么这些树生存的可能性就比较小了。由此可以推知，地下水帮助这些树存活下来。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出 正确答案。6 阅读理解From the loss of wildlife to rising sea levels, we're all well aware of the problems that climate change could cause.But while it may seem like such issues won't affect most of us directly ， it looks like future generations could grow up