《语用与交际》练习测试题库及答案

1、华中师范大学网络教育学院本科语用与交际练习测试题库及答案1. Answerthefollowingquestionsinyourownwords(每题2分)1. WhatisthefunctionofcontextinunderstandingutterancesThefunctionofcontextinunderstandingutterancesistohelplistenerstonarrowdowntheirchoicesinunderstandingthemeaningofutterances.2. Whatistherelationshipbetweendeixisandcont

2、extAverycloserelationshipexistsbetweendeixisandcontext.3. WhatisthegesturaluseofplacedeixisIftheunderstandingofaplacedeixismustrelyongestures,thenitisthegesturaluse.4. HowdoesconversationalimplicatureexplainlanguageintermsofmeaningItexplainslanguagefromfunctional,communicativeandcontextualaspects.5.

3、 Howmanymaximsarethereinco-operativeprincipleAndwhataretheyFour.Theyarequalitymaxim,quantitymaxim,relationmaximandmannermaxim.6. Whoinventedtheterm“Pragmatics”CharlesMorris,anAmericanphilosopher7. Whatarethethreesub-branchesofsemioticsTheyaresyntactics,semanticsandpragmatics8. WhatisCarnapsunderstan

4、dingof“Pragmatics”BasicallyCarnapunderstandsPragmaticsaswhatMorrishaspointedout,butspecificallyspeaking,CarnapthinksthatPragmaticsshouldstudyindexicalsinlanguage.9. WhatistheadvantageofstudyingPragmaticsOneadvantageofstudyinglanguagethroughpragmaticsisthatwecantalkaboutpeopleintendedmeanings,theiras

5、sumptions,theirpurposesorgoals,andallkindsofactions(forexample,requests)thattheyareperformingwhentheyspeak.10. IsgrammaticalmistakeequaltoPragmaticfailurePragmaticmistakeisnotequaltoPragmaticfailure.11 .WhypragmatistsstudymotionverbunderplacedeixisBecausemotionverbscontainakindofbuilt-indirection12

6、.Whydontpeoplesaywhattheymeanincommunications face.Becausetheywanttobeco-operative,politeandsavetheirownandother13 .WhatdoesCPstandforinPragmaticsInPragmatics,CPstandsforco-operativeprinciple.14 .WhatispositivefacePositivefaceistheneedtobelikedbyothers,ortheneedtobeacceptedandtreatedassocialequals.1

7、5 .WhatisonrecordOnrecordisatechnicalterm,referringtoutterancesnotdirectlyaddressedtoothers.16 .WhatisthedisadvantageofstudyingPragmaticsOnebigdisadvantageofpragmaticstudyisthatalltheseconceptsrelatedtohumanbeingsareextremelydifficulttoanalyzeinaconsistentandobjectiveway.17 .Issemanticmistakeequalto

8、PragmaticfailureNo.SemanticmistakeisnotequaltoPragmaticfailure.18 .Whatarethepossibleinterpretationsofthephrase“Janescar”PossibleinterpretationsarethecarownedbyJane,thecarkeptbyJane,thecarrentedbyJaneetc.19 .IstimepartofcontextYes.Timeispartofcontext20 .Whatisthegeneralroleofpersonaldeixisincommunic

9、ationItsroleistoindicatewhoparticipatesincommunication21 .IsgrammaticalmistakeequaltoPragmaticfailurePragmaticmistakeisnotequaltoPragmaticfailure22 .WhatistheroleofcontextinunderstandingutterancesTheroleofcontextinunderstandingutterancesistohelplistenerstonarrowdowntheirchoicesinunderstanding.23 .Wh

10、atkindofrelationshipexistsbetweendeixisandcontextAverycloserelationshipexistsbetweendeixisandcontext.24.How do you understand gestural use of place deixisIftheunderstandingofaplacedeixismustrelyongestures,thenitisthegesturaluse25 .HowdoesconversationalimplicatureexplainlanguageintermsofmeaningItexpl

11、ainslanguagefromfunctional,communicativeandcontextualaspects.II.Explainthefollowingtermsbriefly.（每题4分）1. inference2. linguisticcontext3. Pragmatics4. appropriacy5. indirectmeaning6. politeness7. facewants8. non-linguisticcontext9. deixis10. conversationalimplicature11. context12. co-operativeprincip

12、le13. presupposition14. calendricuseoftimedeixis答案：1. Inferencemeansthatweofteninferormakeguessesastowhatthespeakerintendstomeanwhenhesayssomething2. Itreferstothelanguagethatsurroundsoraccompaniesapieceofutteranceordiscourseunderanalysis.3. Pragmaticsstudiesthefactorsthatgovernourchoiceoflanguagein

13、socialinteractionandtheeffectsofourchoiceonothers.4. Appropriacymeansthatpeopleshouldsaytherightthingtotherightpersonwiththerightmannerattherightplaceandintherightsituation.5. Indirectmeaningisthemeaningthatpeopleintendtoconvey.Itisalsotermedasthecommunicativemeaningorcontextualmeaning.6. Politeness

14、isshowingawarenessofotherspublicself-image.Usuallypolitenesscanbeunderstoodasvariousmeansthatpeopleuseineithersituationsofsocialclosenessorsituationsofsocialdistance.7. Facewantsrefertoonesfaceexpectations.Normallypeopleexpectthatotherswillrespecttheirfaceincommunication.8. Non-linguisticcontextrefe

15、rstothetypeofcommunicativeevent(forexample,joke,story,lecture,greeting,conversation);thetopic;thepurposeoftheevent;thesettingincludinglocationofday,timeandphysicalaspectsofthesituation;theparticipantsandtherelationshipsbetweenthem;thebackgroundknowledgeetc.9. Deixisisagroupofwordsindicatingperson,ti

16、me,place,etc.ItisoriginatedfromaGreekverb,meaning“point”,“show”and“indicate”inEnglish.10. Conversationalimplicatureisthemeaningimpliedinaconversation.Usuallyitindicatesthespeakerscommunicativepurpose.11. Contextcanbesubdividedintolinguisticcontextandnon-linguisticcontext.Theformerreferstothelanguage

17、thatsurroundsoraccompaniesapieceofutteranceordiscourseunderanalysis,itreferstothelinguisticelementsthatarearoundanutterance.Thelatterincludes:thetypeofcommunicativeevent(forexample,joke,story,lecture,greeting,conversation);thetopic;thepurposeoftheevent;thesettingincludinglocationofday,timeandphysica

18、laspectsofthesituation;theparticipantsandtherelationshipsbetweenthem;thebackgroundknowledgeetc.12. Traditionally,peopledatetheinventionoftheco-operativeprinciplebacktotheworkoftheAmericanphilosophernamedH.PaulGrice.Theprincipleincludes:TheMaximofQualitytrytomakeyourcontributiononethatistrue,specific

19、ally:a) donotsaywhatyoubelievetobefalseb) donotsaythatforwhichyoulackadequateevidenceTheMaximofQuantitya) makeyourcontributionasinformativeasisrequiredforthecurrentpurposeoftheexchangeb) donotmakeyourcontributionmoreinformativethanrequiredTheMaximofRelevancemakeyourcontributionsrelevantTheMaximofMan

20、nerbeperspicuous,andspecificallya) avoidobscurityb) avoidambiguityc) bebriefd) beorderlyInshort,thesemaximsspecifywhatparticipantshavetodoinordertoconductcommunicationinamaximallyefficient,rational,co-operativeway.Todoso,theyshouldspeaksincerely,relevantlyandclearly,whileprovidingsufficientinformati

21、on.13. Bypresupposition,werefertoameaningtakenasgivenwhichdoesnotthereforeneedtobeasserted.Ithasbeenvariouslydefinedas“semanticpresupposition”(non-defeasible,contributestothetruth-conditionalmeaningofthesentence),and“pragmaticpresupposition”(cancellablewhileinconsistentwithspeaker/hearerknowledgeabo

22、uttheworld).PragmaticPresuppositioncanbeunderstoodasanothertypeofpragmaticinference。14. Generallyspeaking,mostlanguageshaveabasicsystemofreckoningandmeasuringtimethroughnaturalcyclesofdayandnight,lunarmonths,seasonsandyears.Thisisthecalendricuseoftimeunits.Suchtimeunitscanbeusedcalendricallytolocate

23、eventsinabsolutetimerelativetoabsolutetimeorigin.Forsuchcalendrictimeunits,therearefixedbeginningandending.Forexample,acalendaryearismadeupbycalendarmonthsfromJanuary,February,March,April,MaytoDecemberwhileacalendarmonth,March,forexample,consistsofcalendardayslikeMarch1,March2,3untilthelastdayofthat

24、month.Foracalendaryear,thebeginningisalwaysfixedonJanuaryandtheendingonDecember.Andforacalendarmonth,thebeginningisalwaysthefirstdayofthatmonthwhiletheendingisalwaysthelastdayofthatmonth.111.the second personal pronounAIdentifythesymbolic,gestural,andnon-deicticusesofyouinthefollowingthreecases.(每题2

25、分)1. Youneverknowwhethertoreadeverychapterorskiponeortwo.2. Iknowyouwillallenjoyreadingthischapter.3. Youhavetoreaditandyouhavetoreaditandyouhavetoreadit.1、Non-deictic2.Symbolic3.GesturalB. Pleaseidentifythesymbolic,gestural,andnon-deicticusesofthetimedeixisnoWinthefollowingthreecases.（每题2分）1. Iknow

26、moreaboutPragmaticsnowthanbefore.2. Nowthatwasntverynice.3. AreyoureadyWaitforit!Waitforit!NOWHerethespeakerisusingarising-fallingintonationtoshowstress.）1、symbolic2.non-deictic3.gesturalC. Pleaseidentifythesymbolic,gestural,andnon-deicticusesofthedemonstrativepronoun“this”inthefollowingthreecases.（

27、每题2分）1. Ibetyouwerentexpectingthisexample.2. Andthenthisstrangeguywalksinandvomits.3. Whichfingerdidhebite/Thislittlefingerontheright1. symbolic2.non-deictic3.gesturalIV. Dothefollowingexchangesviolateanymaximsundertheco-operativeprincipleIfyes,pointoutwhichmaximisbeingflouted.（每题2分）1. Johnny:HeySal

28、lyletsplaymarbles.Mum:HowisyourhomeworkgettingalongJohnnyYes.Itviolatedthemaximofrelation.2. A:Ihopeyouboughtbreadandcheese.8: Ah,Iboughtthebread.Yes.Itviolatedthemaximofquantity.3. A:Whoa!Hasyourbossgonecrazy8: Letsgoandgetsometea.Yes.Itviolatedthemaximofrelation.4. (Inafamilymealtimeconversation,p

29、articipantstalkaboutfieldhockeyandhowMumhasallegedlybeenactiveinthissportforaverylongtime,DadseesfittooffersomeironiccommentsonMumssportiveachievements.)Mum:Iusedtospendalotoftimeplayingfieldhockey,goodsport.Dad:Yeah,MummywasprobablyplayingfieldhockeywhenHerbertHoovertookoffice.Mum:YeahDad:WoodrowWi

30、lsonandTeddyRoosevelt.Mum:MhmDad:GeorgeWashingtonChild:AbrahamLincolnDad:AristotleandChild:ThomasJeffersonMum:Yeah,evenwhentheybombedPearlHarbourIwas.Yes.Itviolatedthemaximofquality5. Mum:WhichH-O-S-P-I-T-A-LshallwetakeJimmytoDadThenearestone.Yes.Itviolatedthemaximofmanner.6. A:WhereisBill8: Theresa

31、yellowcaroutsideSueshouse.Yes.Itviolatedthemaximofrelation7. (Belowisaconversationbetweenacoupleafterthehusbandcomesbackfromthesupermarket.)Wife:Ihopeyouboughtbreadandcheese.Husband:Ah,Iboughtthebread.Yes.Itviolatedthemaximofquantity8. (MaryandTinaaretwogoodfriends.OnedayMarywenttoseeTinainheroffice

32、andnoticedtheTinawasverybusywithpilesofworkonhertable.)Mary:Whoa!HasyourbossgonecrazyTina:Letsgoandgetsometea.Yes.Itviolatedthemaximofrelation9. (HereisaconversationbetweenaBritishandanon-Britishin1960s.TheBritishseemstoworryaboutthecurrentsituationoftheGulf.)British:WhatifUSSRblockstheGulfandallthe

33、oilNon-British:Oh,comenow.Britainrulestheseas.Tom, askedYes.Itviolatedthemaximofquality10. (Harrycommittedasocialoffenceandhadbeenbroughttotrial.Hisfriend,Jackabouttheoutcomeofthetrial.)Tom:HowdidHarryfareincourttheotherdayJack:Oh,hegotafine.No.Itdidntviolateanymaxim.11. Johnisafish.Yes.Itviolatedth

34、emaximofquality12. A:Whereismyboxofchocolates8: Thechildrenwereinyourroomthismorning.Yes.Itviolatedthemaximofrelevance13. A:WeshallallmissBillandMary.8: WeshallallmissBill.Yes.Itviolatedthemaximofquantity.14. Thebestof4x4xfar(anautomobileads.)Yes.Itviolatedthemaximofmanner.15. WasHitlergoingtobemode

35、rateYes.Itviolatedthemaximofquality16. Wariswar.Yes.Itviolatedthemaximofquantity.17. Husband:Letsgivekidssomethingtoeat.Wife:Yes,butIvetoC-H-O-C-O-L-A-T-E.Yes.ItviolatedthemaximofmannerV. Forthefollowingsentences,youarerequiredtoidentifypresuppositiontriggersfirstandthengiveasemanticpresuppositionfo

36、reach.(每题2分)1. Theflyingsaucercameagain.2. JaneshusbandwenttoNewcastle3. Beforethechildgoestoschool,hemustfinishhishomework.4. IfIhadnothadacold,Iwouldhavegonetotheshoppingmall.5. WhatMarylostwasherpurse.6. IregrethavingdrunkJohnshomebrew.7. Johnrealizedthathehadmadeamistake.8. Marymanagedtofinishin

37、time.9. Johnstoppedbeatinghischild.10. JohnaccusedBillofstealingthebook11. ThePrimeMinisterforgottokeeparecordofherinstructionsatthetimearmswereexportedtoItaly.12. CarolisabetterstudentthanBill.13. Theyreturnedtotheplace.14. Whyareyoulatetoday1 5.Ileftbeforeheatehiscake.16 .ItwasntshewhotookawayLarr

38、ysnotebook.17 .Theflyingsaucercamebefore.18 .TomregretsdrinkingJohnshomebrew.19 .Ifmusicwasthefoodoflove,playon.1.1 Istoppedjoggingafteravisittothedoctor.1.15 sthereaprofessoroflinguisticsatMIT22 .Afterhemarried,hebecamehen-pecked.23 .Wehappenedtorunoutoffuel.24 .Hesawamanwithtwoheads.25 .Nobodyreal

39、isedthatLilywasill.Jane has a husband.(Jane s husband)答案：1、Theflyingsaucercamebefore.(again)23、Thechildgoestoschool.(Before)4、Ihadacold.(If)5、Marylostsomething.(WhatMarylostwas)6、 IhavedrunkJohnshomebrew.(regret)7、 Johnmadeamistake.(realized)8、 Marytriedhardtofinishintime.(managed)9、 Johnbeathischil

40、d.(stop)10、 JohnthoughtthatJohnstoleabook(accuse)11、 ThePrimeMinistershouldhavekeptarecordofherinstructionsatthetimearmswereexportedtoItaly.12、 BotherCarolandBillarestudents.13、 Theylefttheplace.14、 Youarelatetoday.15、 Heatehiscake.16、 SomeonetookawayLarrysnotebook.17、 Theflyingsaucercameatleastonce

41、.18、 TomdrankJohnshomebrew.19、 Musicwasntthefoodoflove.20、 Ijoggedbefore.21、 ThereiseitheraprofessoroflinguisticsatMITorthereisnt.22、 Hemarried.23、 Wedidntexpecttorunoutoffuel.24、 Thereexistedamanwithtwoheads.25、 Lilywasill.VI.MultipleChoices(每题2分)Directions:Foreachprobleminthispart,youarepresentedw

42、ithonesituationwithmorethanoneutteranceunderneath.Readthedescriptionofeachsituationwiththeutterancesanddecidewhichisthemostappropriateutteranceinthatsituation.1. Oneday,whenanAmericanladyaccidentallybumpedintoWeiLin.Lady:Imterriblysorry.Wei:A)Itdoesntmatter.B)Nevermind.C)Thatsallright.D)Dontworry.2.

43、 JaneistalkingtoherfriendsBillandPatoutsidethecinema.Jane:Well,whatdidyouthinkofthefilm,then？Bill:Oh,Ithoughtitwasgreat.Didntyouthinkso,Pat？Pat:A)Well,maybe.B)No.C)Yes,inaway.ButIveseenbetter.D)Yes.Idaresayyouareright.ButIveseenbetter.3. AtabusstopMan:Excuseme,doyouknowwhichbustocatchforLondonRoad,p

44、lease？Woman:A)Itdoesntmatter.B)Oh.C)Nevermind.D)Thankyou(Hethenwenttoanotherperson.)4. Inafactory,Li,theguide,isinterpretingforagroupofforeignguests.Whentheyhavefinishedvisitingoneworkshop,hewouldlikethegrouptofollowhimtothenextworkshop.Hesays:A)Thisway,please.B)Comehere!C)Followme!D)Moveon!5. Lihad

45、somethingtotellthemanager,MrSmith,sohewenttohisplace,enteringtheroomandsaid:A)Yourenotbusy,Ihope.B)Gotaminute？C)CanIhaveawordwithyouMrSmithD)Imterriblysorrytotroubleyou,MrSmith.6. IfsomeonegivesyoudirectionsinEnglishsoquicklythatyoudontunderstand,youmightrespond:A) Excuseme,Imstilllearningthelanguag

46、e.CouldyourepeatthatalittlemoreslowlyB) Thankyou.Iappreciateyourhelp.C) CouldyourepeatthatD)Trytorepeatthedirectiontotheperson.7. HsiaoMaisaninterpreter.Onedayaforeignvisitor,MrBrown,talkstohim.Brown:YourEnglishisquitefluent.Ma:A)Thankyou.Itskindofyoutosayso.8) No,no,myEnglishispoor.C)No,notatall.D)

47、Oh,no,farfromthat.Istillhavealongwaytogo.8. BettyisaforeignstudentinChina.ShehasmetPengFei.B) Iwastoldthatyouwonthe100-meterraceintheall-citytrackmeetthismorning.Congratulations!P:A)Justlucky.B)Thankyou.C) IcantsayIdidwellthismorning.D)Icouldhavedonebetterifithadntbeensocold.9. Youaretobeherebyeight

48、.Therelationshipbetweenthespeakerandthehearerisprobably10.A)teacherandstudent.B)husbandandwife.C)sisters.D)friends.11.12. Yourfriendsmother,MrsKeeler,askedifyouwouldlikesomethingtoeat.Whatwouldyousaytorefusepolitely？13. You:A)Notforthemoment,thankyou,MrsKeeler,Imfull.B)No,thanks.Ivejusthadlunch.14.

49、C)Oh,no,MrsKeeler,Ihaventlonghadlunch.D)Imfullandhavenoroomforanymore.15.16. MrTimmshasarrivedforameeting,which,unfortunately,hasbeencancelled.17. MrsBanks:Imterriblysorryaboutnotlettingyouknowsooner,MrTimms,butunfortunatelyitwascancelledatthelastminuteandtheresimplywasntenoughtimetoinformeveryone.1

50、8. MrTimms:A)Oh,dontletitworryyou,MrsBanks.Iquiteunderstand.19. B)Oh,thatsOK,MrsBanks.Iunderstand.20. C)Oh,itdoesntmatter,MrsBanks.D)Oh,dontworryaboutit,MrsBanks.21.22. Ifyouareattendingafamilygatheringandwouldliketoknowwhatthefamilialrelationshipisbetweenonememberandanother,youmayask:23. A)Isheyour

51、.B)HowareyourelatedC)Whosthatwoman？24. D)Whatstherelationshipbetweenyouandthatwoman？25.26. Whenintroducedtoanolderprofessorortoafriendsparents,whatwouldyousay？27. A)HowareyouB)Helloandbow.28. C)Hello,itsnicetomeetyou,andthenshakehands.D)Hi!Gladtoknowyou.14. Onthewaytotheschoolcinema,LisawProfessorBl

52、akewalkingtothecinema,too.Li:A)Goodafternoon,ProfessorBlake.B)Areyougoingtothefilm？C)WhereareyougoingD)Youregoingtothefilm,arentyou？15. Whenintroducingyourselftosomeoneyoudontknowataparty,whatwouldyousay？A)Hi,Im.B)MayIintroducemyselftoyouandatthesametimeImakeyouracquaintance？C)Hi,Idliketomeetyou.D)H

53、i,Im.Doyouknowmanypeoplehere？16. JackphonesHsiaoSongsoffice.17. Jack:Hello,IdliketospeaktoSongHua,please.18. Song:A)ImSongHua.B)ThisisSongHuaspeaking.19. C)Oh,comeon.Youvegottimeforonemorecupofcoffee,surely？20. D)Well,itsstillearly.Theresnohurry.21.22. MrsLihasbeenhavinglunchwithMrsSullivan.23. MrsL

54、ihasjustexplainedthatshehastoleave.24. MrsS:A)Doyoureallyhavetogo,MrsLiCouldntyouatleaststayforanothercupofcoffee？25. B)Oh,no,youcant.26. C)Oh,comeon.Youvegottimeforonemorecupofcoffee,surely？27. D)Well,itsstillearly.Theresnohurry.28.29. Youvejustbeenaskedouttodinnerbutyoudontwanttogowiththepersonwho

55、invitedyou.Youmightsay:30. A)Idontthinkso.Ialreadyhaveplans.B)No,Ireallydontenjoybeingwithyou.31. C)ImdietingsoImustntgoouttoeat.D)ThanksalotbutImbusytonight.32. MrGrahammethisteacher,MrsSouth,outsidethelibrary.33. MrG:GoodMorning,MrsSouth.Howareyou？34. MrsS:Verywell,thankyou,MrGraham,andhowareyou？3

56、5. MrG:A)Oh,cantcomplain.B)Imverywell,too,thankyou.C)Sameoldthing.D)Ok.36. MrGreenssecretary,PatKent,wenttotheairporttomeetMrBarnesforherboss.37. MissKent:A)Excuseme,wouldyoubeMrBarnesB)AreyouMrBarnes？38. C)Excuseme,wouldyoupleasetellmeifyouareMrBarnes？39. D)YouareMrBarnes,arentyou40. Patrickissitti

57、nginacarwithsomefriends.Hehasjustaskedifanyonemindshimsmoking.Oneofthefriendsinthecar,Gillian,isallergictosmoke.Whatwouldshesay？41. P:OkifIsmokehere？42. G:A)WouldyoumindifIsaidno,PatrickB)CantyoustaywithoutsmokingC)ItsnotOk.D)No,ofcoursenot.43. WuHuahadaquestiontoaskhisforeignteacher.HewenttoProfessorJamessplace.Afterhegottheanswer,hegotuptoleave.44. Wu:A)Well,thatsclear,thankyouverymuch.B)Well