完形填空技巧讲解1

1、四级强化训练系列 -完形填空英语四级完型填空：英语四级完型填空：解题方法及技巧解题方法及技巧根据四级考试大纲，完型填空满分占710分的10%。其主要形式是在一篇约300词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。本部分共20道题，考试时间为15分钟，分值是占总分值710分的10。 从考查能力的重点看，其本质上属于阅读理解，是以考查对文章的通篇理解和词汇意义为主考查对文章的通篇理解和词汇意义为主。单纯从语法角度做出正确选择的题不多，一般需要考生把握上下文语境的逻辑关系，掌握一定的常识，理解词语的搭配等。从2005-2009年四

2、级考试的完形填空的文章体裁和内容来看，文章的体裁主要是议论文和说议论文和说明文明文，各占了历年考题的46.7%和40%，记叙文比重最小，为13.3%。文章的题材内容主要以反映社会时事，介绍英美社会热点话题为主。1大学英语四级考试的完形填空所测试的内容大致分为4类：1)语境词汇题；2)固定搭配题；3)语法结构题；4)逻辑推理题。在大学英语四级考试的完形填空中，词汇辨义题占大多数，一般都占30%，固定搭配与语法结构一般都各占20%-25%，逻辑推理题占20%。 做完形题的程序：做完形题的程序：做完形题不能只凭感觉做题。错误的做题程序：按照题目顺序，边读边做；1.对整篇文章的全面理解2.对每个词汇的

3、准确使用可以先看一遍，填上确定的1/3,第二遍填全，有时间再复查一次。注意前线索，后线索，连环题。二十个空，能做对10-14个即可。完型填空题测试点主要在语法、词法、理解、综合、背景知识几方面。具体讲：语法题 语法：（占25）包括词序、结构词(连词、介词的搭配)、动词词形(时态、语态、语气、动名词、不定式、分词)、不定代词的用法、比较级的使用。这类题的选择一般在句子里就可做出正确判断。词汇题词汇题一般是实义词，包括名(词组)、形容词、副词等，不仅包括它们的同义词、近义词，而且还包括词的搭配、习惯用法。选择时要根据上下文，甚至在通篇理解的基础上，往往不能根据一句话做出准确的选择，要防止“见树不见

4、林”的现象。习惯用语词义的辨析和使用语境词汇1.语境把握语境线索是指上下文明示或暗示的信息，逻辑关系及语义关系。做这类题重要的是在选择答案前认真通读上下文，不能只关注选择空项所在的句子。A“瞻前”题E.g. An earthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8, 2005. It took some 75,000 lives, _ 130,000 and left nearly 3.5 million without food, jobs or homes. (2007.6)A) injured B) ruined C) destroyed D) damaged4语境词汇B.

5、“顾后”题E.g. But today, thousands of people come to green building conferences, and the _ that buildings can be good for people and the environment will be increasingly influential in years to come. (2006.6)A) practice B) outlook C) idea D) scheme5语境词汇C.“瞻前顾后”题E.g. While mini-cars and luxury foreign br

6、ands are still popular, everything in between is 73 . Last year sales fell 6.7 percent, 7.6 percent _ if you dont count the mini-car market. (2009.6)73. A) surging B) stretching C) slipping D) shaking6语境词汇2. 词汇的复现关系原词复现E.g. The smokers _ a lot. In fact, the non-smokers who must breathe the air pollu

7、ted by tobacco smoke may suffer more than the smokers themselves. (1991)A. suffer B. endure C. tolerate D. bear 7语境词汇同义词或近义词复现E.g. Wise buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further. The way you go about _ an article or a service can actually A. reading B. purchasing C. browsi

8、ng D. borrowing8语境词汇反义词复现E.g. Forcing yourself to recall (almost) never helps because it doesnt _ your memory; it only tightens it.A. loosen B. weaken C. decrease D. reduce9语境词汇词汇的共现关系词汇的共现关系是指词汇共同出现的倾向性。即在一定的语篇中，围绕一定的主题的词汇可能同时出现。E.g. For example, the rhythm, pitch, and _ of music has been shown to

9、influence behavior such as the 18 of time spent in supermarket (2007.12)A. step B. speed C. band D. volume10固定用法在大学英语四级考试完形填空中主要考查的固定搭配题包括名词与介词搭配，动词与介词搭配，形容词与介词搭配等。名词与介词搭配E.g. I wondered what I would do if confronted with a real mid-air medical emergency without access _ a hospital staff and the usu

10、al emergency equipment. (2005.12)A. for B. to C. by D. through11固定用法动词与介词的搭配E.g. Students can learn the right answer 82 heart in class, and yet never combine them 83 their working models of the world. (2001.1)82. A. to B. by C. in D. with83. A. with B. into C. to D. along12固定用法形容词与介词搭配E.g. Similarly

11、, consumers operating under a _ given mood state tend to react to stimulate in a direction 77 with that mood state. (2007.12)77. A. resistant B. persistent C. insistent D. consistent13固定用法常用其他短语E.g. 71 one sense, the effect of a consumers mood can be thought of in 72 the same way as can our reaction

12、 to the 73 behavior of our friends (2007.12)71. A. On B. Of C. In D. By72. A. thus B. much C. even D. still14语法结构大学英语四级考试完形填空常考的语法项目有：非谓语动词，定语从句，名词性从非谓语动词，定语从句，名词性从句，虚拟语气，倒装结构句，虚拟语气，倒装结构等。非谓语动词动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的任何成分。它有三种形式：动词不定式：to do;动词的ing: doing;动词的过去分词：done15语法结构定语从句定语从句主要考查关系词，限制与非限制定语从

13、句的区别，定语从句的辨别等。1）关系词包括关系代词（who, whom, that, whose, as）和关系副词（when, where, why）等。2）定语从句分为限制性和非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句用逗号分开，常用于书面语。E.g. You program the clock with the latest time at _ you want to be wakened, and it then duly (适时地) wakes you during the last light sleep phase before that. (2006.6新)A. where B. th

14、is C. which D. that16语法结构名词性从句名词性从句是指可以像名词一样在句子中充当主语，表语，宾语的从句。根据名词性从句的引导是否在名词性从句中充当成分的情况，引导词可以分为连接代词（what, which, who, whom, whose），连接副词（when, where, why, how），连词（that），连词（whether, if）。 要注意what的用法：What 作连接词引导的名词性从句既可表示一个问“什么”的问题， 也可以表示相当于“名词/代词+关系代词引导的定语从句”结构的意思。如：He is not what (=the person that)he

15、 was a few years ago.17语法结构状语从句状语从句指句子用作状语时起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语，非谓语动词，定语，状语或整个句子。根据其作用可以分为时间，地点，原因，条件，目的，结构，让步，方式和比较等从句。E.g. _ happens, dont panic. (2005.12)A. Whatever B. Whichever C. Whenever D. Wherever18语法结构虚拟语气should +动词原形在suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist, require,

16、decide, promise, resolve, argue, maintain, determine, recommend, advise, advocate, persuade等表示“命令，建议，要求”的动词后的宾语从句中，以及这些动词对应的名词后的主语从句或表语从句中She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance.19语法结构在形容词important, necessary, imperative, natural, urgent, essential, appropriate, desirable, vital, a

17、dvisable, preferable, incredible以及短语no wonder, a pity等词构成的“It is +形容词+that”句型中。如：It is necessary that some immediate effort (should) be made.一些能引起虚拟语气的某些介词，介词短语和连词，如：lest, in case, without, otherwise等。20语法结构if或but for引导的条件句if引导的虚拟条件句的用法but for= if it were not for / if it had not been for 21条件从句条件从句结

18、果从句结果从句与现在事实相反动词过去式（be动词用 were）Would+动词原形与过去事实相反Had+ 过去分词（had done）Would have done与将来事实相反一 般 过 去 式 /w e re + 不 定 式/should+动词原形Would/should +动词原形语法结构在would rather, wish, as if, It is time that等句型中使用适当的虚拟形式表达主观的愿望，一般含建议的意思，采用动词过去式的虚拟形式。E.g. If they are going to read, why not give out copies of the lec

19、ture? Then we _ need to go to class. (2001.1)A. couldnt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. shouldnt22语法结构替代为了避免重复，可用不定代词，指示代词等替代名词或名词结构，也可用so 或not 来替代从句。动词结构的替代一般为do/does/did。E.g. He was struggling to find the right equations that would describe his new concept of gravity, _ that would define A. ones B. those

20、C. all D. none分析： 答案是A。分析句子结构可知，空白处要填的内容应该是equations的替代词。只有A项符合题意。B项为干扰项，其所指代的是原词本身，而ones指代的是同类事物的替代物。23语篇逻辑逻辑关系主要包括因果，列举，解说，分类，比较，对照关系等。E.g. One third thought Columbus reached the New World after 1750. Two thirds cannot correctly lock the Civil War between 1850 and 1900. _ when they get the answers

21、 right, some are just guessing. (2004.6)A. Even B. Though C. Thus D. So24大学英语四级完形填空大学英语四级完形填空/翻译常考固定搭配翻译常考固定搭配名词与介词的搭配名词与介词的搭配influence on对的影响impact on对的影响nothing but 只有；只不过(=only)access to通往的路answer to 的答案；的解决办法solution to 的解决办法barrier to 的障碍(=obstacle to)comment on 对的评论thanks to 由于形容词与介词的搭配形容词与介词的

22、搭配1) 形容词与介词with的搭配be busy with 忙于be content with 对满意be in sympathy with 赞同，同情be satisfied with 对感到满意be disappointed with sth. 对感到失望be popular with sb.受到某人的欢迎或喜欢be patient with sb.对某人有耐心be fed up with sth. 对极其厌倦(=be tired of sth.)介词短语和短语介词介词短语和短语介词according to 根据所说；按照as for 至于，就方面说as to 至于，关于at all c

23、osts 不惜任何代价at any cost 不惜任何代价at the cost of 以为代价at large 完全地；详尽地ahead of 在前面，先于；胜过at all events 无论如何at the expense of 归付费at ease 自由自在；舒适，舒坦with ease 容易地at any rate 无论如何；至少at a speed of 以的速度at full speed 以全速at heart 在内心里；实质上动词短语动词短语account for 说明(原因等)；解释take into account 考虑；重视accuse sb. of sth. 控告(某人

24、某事)(=charge sb. with sth.)accustom sb. to sth. 使某人适应某件事情(=be accustomed to sth.; adapt sb. to sth.)act on 按照而行动take advantage of 趁之机，利用(=make use of)afford to (买)得起(某物)；负担得起Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay on the topic of To Help or Not to Help. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow:1. 帮助别人是一种美德2. 但是帮助陌生人容易使自己陷入麻烦3. 我的看法Rise, raise , ariserise是vi, raise是vt. raise单独考的时候常考它的偏义,如栽培，种植，出产(谷类等)；饲养(家畜等)；养育，教育(子女)。建造，建立(纪念碑等)，造起(房子). arise是vi,一般取发生之意, 如:Questions arose. 问题发生了。