最新职称英语考试《理工类A》真题及答案(完整版)

1、职称英语考试理工类A 真题及答案（完整版）第 1 部分：词汇选项 (第 1 15 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分)下面每个句子中均有1 个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1. The revelation of his past ledto his resignation.A.imaginationB. confirmation C.recallD. disclosure答案为 D. revelation( 揭露)disclosure(揭露 )2. Jensen is a dangerous man, and can bevery brutal.A.carel

2、essB. cruel C.strongD. hard答案为 B. brutal( 残忍的 ) cruel3. You ll have to sprint if youwant to catch the train. A.jumpB.escapeC. run D.prepare答案为 C. sprint ( 快速奔跑 ) run(奔跑 )4. We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty.A. changeableB. stable C.suitable D.adaptable答案为 A. fluid( 不稳定的

3、 ) changeable (易变的 )5. The new garment fits herperfectly.A.haircutB. purseC. clothes D.necklace答案为 C. garment(衣服 ) clothes(衣服 )6. The phobia may have its root in achildhood trauma.A.fearB. joyC. hurt D.memory答案为 C. trauma(精神上的创伤 ) hurt(感情上的伤心或痛苦 )7. They have to build canals to irrigatethe desert.A.

4、decorateB. water C.changeD. visit答案为 B. irrigate( 灌溉) water(给 浇水)8. Her overall language proficiencyremains that of a toddler.A.disabledB. pupil C.teenagerD. baby答案为 D. toddler( 学步的儿童 ) baby(婴儿 )9. The coastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold.A. warm B.severe C

5、.hard D.dry答案为 A. mild( 温暖的 ) warm(温暖的 )10. The details of the costume weretotally authentic.A. real B.outstanding C.creativeD. false答案为 A. authentic( 逼真的 )real (逼真的 )11. We are aware of the potential problems.A.globalB. possible C.ongoingD. central答案为 B. potential( 可能的 )-possible(可能的 )12. The idea

6、was quite brilliant.A.positiveB. clever C.keyD. original答案为 B. brilliant( 绝妙的 )clever (聪明的 )13. Stock market price tumbledafter rumor of a rise in interest rate.A.regulatedB. increasedC. fell D.maintained答案为 C. tumbled( 暴跌) fell( 下降)14. The course gives you basic instructionsin car maintenance.A. co

7、achingB. idea C.termD. aspect答案为 A. instructions ( 指导说明 ) coaching(教导)15. All houses within 100 metres of theseas at risk of flooding.A. in dangerB. out of controlC. between equalsD. in particular答案为 A in danger of ( 处于危险中 ) at risk of ( 处于风险中 )阅读判断The Greatest of Victorian EngineersIn the hundred y

8、ears up to 1860, the workof a small group of construction engineers carried forward the enormous social and economic change that we associate with the Industrial Revolution in Britain. The most important of these engineers was Isambard KingdomBrunel, whose work in shipping, bridge-building,and railw

9、ay construction, to name just three fields, both challenged and motivated his colleagues.He was the driving force behind a number of the hugely ambitious projects, some of which resulted in works which are still in use today.The son of an engineer, Brunel apprenticed with his father at an early age

10、on the buildingof the Thames Tunnel. At the age of just twenty, he became engineer in charge of the project. This impressive plan to bore under the Thames twice suffered two major disasters when the river broke through into the tunnel when the second breach( 决 口 )occurred in 1872, Brunel was serious

11、ly injured during rescue operation and further work was halted.While recovering from his injuries, Brunel entered a design competition for a new bridge over the Avon Gorge near Clifton. The original judge of the competition was Thomas Telford, a leading civilengineer of his day, who rejected all ent

12、ries to the competition in favor of his own design. After considerable scandal, a second contest was held and Brunel s design was accepted. For reasons offunding,however,exacerbated(加剧 ) by social unrest in Bristol, the project was abandoned in 1843 withonly the towers completed. After Brunel s deat

13、h, it was decided to begin work on it again, partly so that the bridge could form a fitting memorial to the great engineer. The entire structure was finallycompleted in1864. Today, the well-knownClifton Suspension Bridge is a symbol of Bristol, just as the Opera House is of Sydney.Originallyintended

14、 onlyforhorse-drawn traffic,the bridge now bears over four million motor vehicles a year.16. 【题干】 Brunelwas an important airplane engineer in BritainduringtheIndustrial Revolution.【选项】A.Right B.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】 C【解析】17. 【题干】 Brunelwas involvedless in railwayconstructionthan in other engineer

15、ing fields.【选项】A.Right B.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】 C【解析】18. 【 题干 】 Brunelworkedonlyonshipping,bridge-buildingand railway construction.【选项】A.Right B.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】 B【解析】19. 【题干】 Brunel work was largely ignored by his colleagues.【选项】A.Right B.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】 B【解析】20. 【题干】 Some projec

16、ts Brunel contributed to are still in use today.【选项】A.Right B.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】 A【解析】21. 【题干】 Brunel became an apprentice with his father when he was very young.【选项】A.Right B.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】 A【解析】22. 【题干】 The Thames Tunnel project was more difficultthan any previousprojects undertake

17、n in Britain.【选项】A.Right B.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】 C【解析】概括大意与完成句子Geothermal(地热 )Energy1.Since heat naturally moves from hotter regions to cooler ones, the heat from the earth s center flows outwdasrtowards the surface. In this way, it transfers to the next layer of rock. Ifthe temperature is high e

18、nough, some of this rock melts and forms magma(岩浆 ). The magma ascends in its turn towards the earth susrface. It oftenremains well below the earthsurface, screating vast areas of hot rock. In such regions,there are deep cracks, which allow rainwater to descend underground. Some of the heated rainwa

19、ter travels back up to the earth susrface where it will appear as a hot spring. However, if this ascending hot water reaches a layer of impermeable(不可渗透的)rock, it remains trapped, forming a geothermal reservoir. If geothermal reservoirsare close enough to the surface, they can be reached by drilling

20、 wells. Hot water and steam shoot up the wellsnaturally,and can be used to produce electricityin geothermal power plants.2.A few geothermal power plants depend on dry-stem reservoirs which produce steam but little or no water. In these cases, the steam is piped up directly to provide the power to sp

21、in a turbine generator. The first geothermal power plant, constructed atLardarello in Italy, was of this type, and is still producing electricity today.3.Most currently operating geothermal power plants are eithersteam plant“sflasor binary( 双重的 )plants. Flash plants produce mainly hot water ranging

22、in temperature from 300°to 700°Fahrenheit. This water is passed through one or two separators where released from the pressure of the underground reservoir, it “ flashes or”boils into steam Again, the force of this steam provides the energy to spin the turbine andproduce electricity. The g

23、eothermal water and steam are then reinjected directly back down into the earth to maintain the volume and pressure of the reservoir. Gradually they will be reheated and can then be used again.4.A reservoir with temperatures below 300Fahrenhe°it is not hot enough to flashsteam but it can still

24、be used to generate electricity in binary fluid. The steam from this is used to power the turbines. As in the flash steam plant, the geothermal water is recycled back into the reservoir.23.【题干】 Paragraph1 【选项】A.Dry steam plants B.Binary plantsC.Origin of geothermal energyD.Generation of electricity

25、E.Flash steam plants F.Recyclable water and steam【答案】 C【解析】24【题干】 Paragraph2 【选项】A.Dry steam plants B.Binary plantsC.Origin of geothermal energy D.Generation of electricity E.Flash steam plants F.Recyclable water and steam【答案】 A【解析】25【题干】 Paragraph3 【选项】A.Dry steam plants B.Binary plantsC.Origin of

26、geothermal energy D.Generation of electricity E.Flash steam plants F.Recyclable water and steam【答案】 E【解析】26【题干】 Paragraph4 【选项】A.Dry steam plants B.Binary plantsC.Origin of geothermal energyD.Generation of electricity E.Flash steam plants F.Recyclable water and steam【答案】 F【解析】27. 【 题 干 】 A geotherma

27、l reservoir is formed when hot water is trapped under .【选项】A.the energy to turn a turbine B.impermeable rockC. one or two separatorsD. turbine operatorE. little or no waterF. hot springs【答案】 B【解析】28. 【题干】 A dry-steam reservoir produces steam with.【选项】A.the energy to turn a turbine B.impermeable rock

28、C. one or two separatorsD. turbine operatorE. little or no waterF. hot springs【答案】 E【解析】29. 【题干】 Flash plants produce hot water through.【选项】A.the energy to turn a turbine B.impermeable rockC. one or two separatorsD. turbine operatorE. little or no waterF. hot springs【答案】 C【解析】30【.题干】In a binary plan

29、t, the heat of the geothermal water can be converted into .【选项】A.the energy to turn a turbine B.impermeable rockC. one or two separatorsD. turbine operatorE. little or no waterF. hot springs【答案】 A【解析】阅读理解第一篇Black Holes Trigger Stars to Self-DestructScientists have long understood that supermassive b

30、lack holes weighing millions or billions of suns can tearapart stars that come too close. The black hotels gravitypulls harder on the nearest part of the star, an imbalance that pulls the star apart over a period of minutes or hours, once it gets close enough.Scientists say this Uneven pulling is no

31、t the only hazard facing the star. The strain of these unbalanced forces can also trigger a nuclear explosion powerful enough to destroy the star fromwithin.MatthieuBrassart and Jean-Pierre Luminetofthe Observatoire de Paris in Meudon, France, carried out computer simulations of the finalmoments of

32、such an unfortunate star， asitsvleifeered towards a supermassive blackhole.When the star gets close enough, the uneven forces flatten it into a pancake shape. Some previous studies had suggested this flattening would increase the density and temperature inside the star enough to trigger intense nucl

33、ear reactions that would tear it apart. But other studies had suggested that the picture would be complicated by shock waves generated during the flattening process and that no nuclear explosion should occur.The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail ， and found that even

34、when their effects are included ， the conditions favora nuclear explosion.“ There will be an explosion of the sta-rit will be completely destroyed,” BrassarAlthough the explosion obliterates the star, it saves some of the star msatter from being devoured by the black hole. The explosion is powerful

35、enough to hurl much of the star s matter out of the black hole s reach, he says.The devouring of stars by black holes may already have been observed, although at a much later stage. It is thought that several months after the event that rips the star apart，its matter starts swirling into the hole it

36、self. It heats up as it does so, releasing ultraviolet light and X-rays.If stars disrupted near black holes really do explode, then they could in principleallowthese events to be detected at a much earlier stage, says Jules Hatpern of Columbia University in New York, US.“ It may make it possible to

37、see the disrupt of that star immediately if it gets hot enough,” he says.Brassart agrees.“ Perhaps it can be observed -inratyhseaXnd gamma rays, but itsomething that needs to be more studied,” he says. Supernova researcher Chriof the Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico, US, says

38、 the deaths of these stars are difficult to simulate, and he is not sure whether the researchers have proven their case that they explode in the process.31. 【题干】 Something destructive could happen to a star that gets too close to ablack hole. Which of the followingdestructive statements is NOT menti

39、oned in the passage?【选项】A. The black hole could tear apart the star.B. The black hole could trigger a nuclear explosion in the star.C. The black hole could dwindle its size considerably.D. The black hole could devour the star.【答案】 C【解析】32. 【题干】 According to the third paragraph，researchers differed f

40、rom each otherin the problem of 【选项】A. whether nuclear reaction would occur.B. whether the stars would increase its density and temperature.C. whether shock waves would occur.D. whether the uneven forces would flatten the stars.【答案】 A【解析】33【. 题干】According to the fourth paragraph ，which of the follow

41、ing is NOT true?【选项】A. No nuclear explosion would be triggered inside the star.B. The star would be destroyed completely.C. Much of the star s matter thrown by the explosion would be beyond the black hole s reach.D. The black hole would completely devour the star.【答案】 D【解析】34. 【题干】 What will happen

42、several months after the explosion of the star?【选项】A. The star s matter will move further away from by the black hole.B. The black hole s matter will heat up.C. The torn star s matter willlinstwoirthe black hole.D. The black hole s matter will release ultraviolet light a-nrdayXs.【答案】 C【解析】35. 【题干】 A

43、ccording to the context， the word “ disruption means in ”Paragraph 6【选项】A. ” Confusion.”B. ” Tearing apart.”C. ” Interruption. ”D. ” Flattening.”【答案】 B【解析】第二篇 Deforestation and Desertification( 沙漠化 )TheSahel zone lies between the Saharadesert and the fertile savannahs(热带大草原 )ofnorthern Nigeria and S

44、outh Sudan. The word sahel comes from Arabic andmeans marginal or transitional ,andthis is a good description of thesesemi-arid( 半 干旱 )lands,whichoccupy much of the Western African countries of Mail,Mauritania,Niger,and Chad.Unfortunately, over the last century theSahara desert has steadily crept so

45、uthwards eating into once productive Sahellands. United Nations surveys show that over 70 percent of the dry land inagriculture use in Africa has deterioratedover the last 30 years. Droughts have become more severe, the most recentlasting over twenty years in parts of the Sahel region. The same proc

46、ess ofdesertification is taking place across southern Africa as the Kalahari desertadvances into Botswana and parts of South Africa.One ofthe major causes of this desert advance ispoor agricultural land use, drivenby the pressures of increasing population.Overgrazing 一 keeping too many farmanimals o

47、n the land 一 means that grasses and other plants cannot recover, and scarce water suppliesare exhausted. Overcultivation 一 tryingto grow too many crops on poor land 一 resultsin the soil becoming even less fertile and drier, and beginning to break up. Soilerosion (侵蚀) follows, and the land turns into

48、 desert.Another cause of desertification is loss of tree cover. Trees are cutdown for use as fuel and to clear land for agricultural use. Tree roots help tobind the soil together, to conserve moisture, and to provide a habitat forother plants and animals. When trees are cut down, the soil begins to

49、dry andloosen, wind and rain erosion increase, other plant species die, and eventuallythe fertile top soil may be almost entirely lost, leaving only bare rock anddust.Theeffectsoflossoftopsoilandincreaseddroughtareirreversible. Theyare,however,preventable.Carefulconservationoftreecoverand sustainabl

50、eagricultural land use have been shown to halt deterioration of soils and lessenthe effects of shortage of rainfall. One project in Kita in south-west Malifunded by UNDP has involved local communities in sustainable management offorest,while at the same time providing a viable(有活力的 )agriculturalecon

51、omy. This may be a model for similar projects in otherWest African countries.35 order to prevent desertification,the author proposes.A. making good use of international aidsB. developing a sustainableagricultural economyC. gaining international supportD. converting agricultural land intoforest答案： b3

52、6. The Sahel zone is an area which.A. is covered with sad and grassB. has a long historyC. occupies much of South NigeriaD. belongs to Sudan答案： a37. What is the situation about thedesertification in Africa?A. The deserts are replaced withgrasslandsB. The deserts are expandingC. the deserts are movin

53、g northwardsD. the deserts are being deserted答案： b38. The word“ deteriorated” in paragraph2 means.A. deepenedB. sufferedC. slippedD. worsened答案： d39. What is the root causeof desertification?A. poor farmingB. overpopulationC. radical climate changeD. disappearance of rare plant species答案： a40. In or

54、der to prevent desertification,the author proposes.A. making good use of international aidsB. developing a sustainableagricultural economyC. gaining international supportD. converting agricultural land intoforest答案： b第三篇OlderVolcanic EruptionsVolcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not b

55、ecause theywere bigge，r but because the carbon dioxide( 二氧化碳 )theyreleased wiped out life withgreater ease.Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the linkbetween volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptionskilled off large numbers of animals, but all the m

56、ass extinctions over the past300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To hissurprise, the older the massivevolcaniceruptions were, the more damage theyseemed to do. He calculated the“ killing efficiency” for thesevolcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they kille off with the volumeof lava ( 熔 岩