Step-by-step-3000-第二册-U-U6-答案与原文

1、Unit1PartI-A87,80,53,48,24,17Script:ThePorterFamilyMrWilliamPorterisveryold.Heis87.AndMrsCatherinePorteris80.MrPorterisfromWales.JohnPorterandMaryarebrotherandsister.JohnPorteris53andheisalawyer.HiswifeSusanis48,andsheisanarchitect.JamesPorterandJoanLeearecousins.JamesPorteris24andJoanLeeis17.PartI-

2、B1. spendingspecialtimetogether.2. specific,complain,request,praise.3. fatigue,insecurities,foxhole,strikingout,protect.4. distant5. allmarriages,Worktogetherounderstand6. Respect,danger,professional,physical,verbal7. Understand,winPartI-C40,excel,domesticargument,losingwin-win,lose-lose,win,agift,r

3、eturnsargueover,aren't,who,incontrol,fear,didn'tneed,oughtnotto,couldn't,triedto,destroy,marriagelove,loved,secure,discover,garden,cultivate,themostprecious,ownself,bloom.obtain,ourpartner,lovedandrespected,control.PartII-AA21. similarsocialbackgrounds.2. thesameraceorsameethnicbackgroun

4、d.3. thesamereligion.A3Japan/9.2%/arrangedmarriages3%/betweenblacksandwhitesManypeopleinWesterncultureschoosetheirownwivesandhusbands.Inmanyothercountries,spouseareoftenchosenbytheparents.InChinaandJapanbeforethiscentury(20thcentury),upper-classmarriageswerearrangedbytheoldermales.Inmanyculturesinth

5、eMiddleEast,Asia,andpre-industrialEurope,theman'sfamilynegotiateda"brideprice"withthewoman'sfamily;theman'sfamilywasexpectedtopayit.InHinduIndia,thebride'sfamilypaida"groom'sprice"tothefamilyoftheman.Thesecustomsareweakening;forintance,only9.2percentofJapanese

6、marriagesarenowarranged.Whatarethecriteriaforchoosingmates?Mostmarriages-whetherarrangedbyfamiliesoroccurringfrompersonalattractionorlove-arebasedonsimilarsocialbackgrounds.Inotherwords,themanandthewomancomefromthesamesocialclass(orelseaclassthatisonlyslightlyhigherorslightlower).AmongmanypeopleinEg

7、ypt,keymembersoftheman'sfamilymustgotothefamilyofthewomanandproposemarriage.Thesefamilymembersmustbeabletoshowthattheman'sfamilyisatleastofthesamesocialclassasthewomanandthatacertainamountofmoneyexiststoallowthemarriagetogoforward.Havingthesameraceorthesameethnicbackgroundisthesecondmaincrit

8、erionformarriagethroughouttheworld.IntheU.S,.Wheretherearemanydifferentraces,only3percentofallmarriagesarebetweenblacksandwhites,meaningthattheracesarestilllargelyseparateinmarriage.Inmanycountries,marriageisalsobasedonthewomanandmanhavingthesamereligion;thisisathirdcommoncriterionforchoosingamate.I

9、ncultureinwhichreligionisverystrongvalue,marriageswouldoftennottakeplaceiftherewerereligiousdifferences.PartII-B1. physicalappearance;2. whatsomebodylookslike,lookbeyondthephysicalappearance3. thehighpercentageofdivorces.4. fallinglovewithsomebody,lovingsomebodyScript:Whatdoyouthinkitisthatattractsp

10、eopletoeachother,thatmakespeoplewanttobetogether?Ithinkthatperhapsunfortunatelyintheinitialstagesit'sthephysicalappearancethatattracts.Ithinkunlessyoufindsomebodyattractive,unlessthere'ssomethingaboutthem-itcouldonlyperhapsbethewaytheysmileortheylaugh,oratwinkleintheireye,orthewayofacurlfall

11、sovertheirforehead.Butsomethinglikethathastomakeyouinterestedenoughtofindoutmoreaboutthatperson,unlessthat'sthereIthinkyoujustdon'tbother.SoinitiallyphysicalattractionIthinkisallimportant.Whydoyousay"unfortunately"?Becauseinfactitshouldn'tbewhatsomebodylookslikethatisimportant.

12、Youshouldbeabletolookbeyondhephysicalappearanceandseewhatsortofapersonheorsheis,whethertheyareselfishorselfless,whethertheyarekind,caring.ButIthinkinitiallyyouarenotbotheredwiththat.Thatcomeperhapslater.Inpopsongsandmagazinesandnewspapersandsonon,theideaoffallingloveinsalwaysemphasized,sopeoplehavet

13、hisideathatyouhavetofallinlove.Doyouthinkthisismisleadingforpeople?Doyouthinkpeopleexpectsomethingthatinfactdoesn'texist?Yes,Ido.InfactIthinkwecanprobablylaytheblameforthehighpercentageofdivorce-it'sathirdIthinknow,isn'tit?Ithinkoneinthreepeoplegetdivorced.ProbablyasfarasIcanseeit,therea

14、sonisthattheygointomarriageorintoarelationshipwithaveryromanticviewoflovewhichIthinkhasbeencreatedbythepopsongs,byallthelovestores,bytheBarbaraCartlandnovels,etc.,thatyoungpeopleread.Really,youmeetsomeone,youfallinlove,andthat'sit.,it'sthebeginning,theylivehappilyevenafter.AndIthinkthat'

15、stheproblem,becausepeoplejustexpectthat,andit'snotlikethat.Sowhatisit,doyouthink,thatreallysustainsarelationship,thatkeepsarelationshipgoing?Well,Ithinkyouhavetodifferentiatebetweenfallinginlovewithsomebody,whichIseeasmoresuperficial,andlovingsomebody,whichIseeasadeeperemotionandonethatperhapsla

16、sts.Fallinginloveissuperficialattraction,beingattractedtosomebodyphysically,havingfuntogether,whereaslovingsomebodyIthinkisanemotionthatgrows,itcomeswithsharedexperiences,perhapsenjoyingdoingthesamethingstogether,sharedhobbies,sharedinterests,sufferingtogetheraswell,goingthroughthebadtimes,helpingea

17、chother,supportingeachother.Ithinkallthatneedstimetogrow,andI'dcallthatlove,andIthinkthat'swhatmakesarelationshiplast.PartII-Coneofthebiggestdecisionstheywillmakeinlife,asthe"just-right"wifeforhim,definitionofwhatthe"just-right"wifeis,themillionairemanandthepoorman,herphy

18、sicalqualities,differentwords,byherphysicalqualities,intwodifferentatmospheres,alsohavetheirdefinitionofthe"just-right"wife,theGermanman'sdefinitionisdifferentfromtheSpanishman's.Part IIIA baseball diamondA wine barA fancy-dress partyScript:frizzlyhair/glasses/funny/monologuepizzat

19、hemandressedasCheshireCatOutsideacinemacoincidence/he'dalsomissedthefilmAboat/theriverbankfellinriver/hedivedinandrescuedherScript:Kate:Iwasonmywayhomefromjuniorhighandinordertogettomyhouseyouhavetowalkbythisbaseballdiamond.Andtherewasagameofbaseballgoingonanditlookedkindofinteresting,soIstopped

20、.Thereweren'tverymanypeoplewatching.Andtherewasthisguyandhewasn'treallyverygood-looking,buthehadfrizzlyhairandglassesandhewasreallyfunny.Hedidthiskindofmonologuething,whichwargreat.AndIwenthomeandItoldmymotherIwasgoingtomarryhimaftertalkingtohimforhalfanhour.AndwhenIgottohighschool,hewaspres

21、identofthestudentbodyandheaskedmeoutand.we'vegotourpictureintheyearbooktogetherholdinghands,andit'sreallynice.Ke:Well,I'darrangedtohaveadrinkwithafriendofmine,awomanfriendofminewho'saplatonicfriendofmine.AndsheinsistedonbringingthisfriendofherswhoshesaidI'dliketomeetandIthoughtsh

22、ewastryingtofixusupandIsaid,"Pleasedon't!"Butshedidbringthisfriendandwehititoff.Andafterthewinebarwewenttohaveapizzaandweallhadafewmoredrinksandtheotherwomanwhoendeduporderingapizzathathadabunchofstuffonitthatshereallyliked,sowepickedateachother'spizzasallnightandwerealizedthatwewe

23、resortofhadanidealrelationship,sothatwecouldorderreallyanypizzaonthemenuandwe'dbothbehappy.Andanywayweendeduplivingtogetherandstillare.Coralyn:Wemetatapartyanditwasfancy-dressparty.Afriendofmine'stwenty-firstanditwasquitebigandIwentdressedasAliceinWonderlandandthisperson,thisguythatImarriedw

24、asdressedastheCheshireCat.Anditjustseemedsoamazingthat,youknow,wewerebothfromthesamethingandwestartedchattingandendedupbeingtogether.Jill:I'darrangedtogotothecinemawithagroupoffriendsandunfortunatelyImissedthetrainthatwouldhavegotmetostandingoutside-thefilmhadstarted.SoIwasn'tallowedin.Andth

25、erewasachapoutside,he'dalsomissedthefilmandwestartedtotalkandwetalkedquiteabitandhesaid,"Let'sgodowntheroadandseethatfilm,becausethatonehasn'tstartedattheOdeon."Sowewentdownthereandwe'vebeengoingouteversince!Carole:IfirstmetmypartnerwhenhewasonaboatandIwasontheriverbank,sta

26、ndingandlookinggenerallyintothedistanceandhewascomingintolandwithhisboatandhethrewmearopeandsaid,"Wouldyoumindcatchingthis?"andIcaughtitandmissedandtrippedoveritandfellintheriverandhehadtodiveinandrescueme.Andthatwasit!PartIVBook,choked,disappointment,takeyoutodinner,tolerantsmile,wentby,r

27、ose,bigrestaurant,test,understandandadmireScript:JohnBlanchardstoodupfromthebench,straightenedhisarmyuniform,andstudiedthecrowdofpeoplemakingtheirwaythroughGrandCentralStation.Helookedforthegirlwhoseheartheknew,butwhosefacehedidn't,thegirlwiththerose.Hisinterestinherhadbegunthirteenmonthsbeforei

28、nFloridalibrary.Takingabookofftheshelfhefoundhimselfintrigued,notwiththewordsofthebook,butwiththenotespenciledinthemargin.Thesofthandwritingreflectedathoughtfulsoulandinsightfulmind.Inthefrontofthebook,hediscoveredthepreviousowner'sname,MissHollisMaynell.Withtimeandefforthelocatedheraddress.Shel

29、ivedinNewYorkCity.Hewroteheraletterintroducinghimselfandinvitinghertocorrespond.ThenextdayhewasshippedoverseasforserviceinWorldWarthroughthemail.Eachletterwasaseedfallingonafertileheart.Aromancewasbudding.Blanchardrequestedaphotograph,butsherefused.Shefeltthatifhereallycared,itwouldn'tmatterwhat

30、shelookedlike.WhenthedayfinallycomeforhimtoreturnfromEurope,theyscheduledtheirfirstmeeting-7:00p.m.AttheGrandHotelStationinNewYork."Youwillrecognizeme,"shewrote,"bytheredroseI'llbewearingonmylapel."Soat7:00hewasinthestationlookingforagirlwhoseheartheloved,butwhosefacehe'd

31、neverseen.I'llletMrBlanchardtellyouwhathappened.Ayoungwomanwascomingtowardme,herfigurelongandslim.Herblondehairlaybackincurlsfromherdelicateears.Hereyeswereasblueflowers.Herlipsandchinhadagentlefirmness,andinherpalegreensuitshewaslikespringtimecomingalive.Istartedtowardher,entirelyforgettingtono

32、ticethatshewasnotwearingarose.AsImoved,asmall,provocativesmilecurvedherlips."Goingmyway,sailor?"shemurmured.AlmostuncontrollablyImadeonestepclosertoher,andthenIsawHolllisMaynell.Shewasstandingalmostdirectlybehindthegirl.Awomanwellpast40,shehadgrayinghairtuckedunderawornhat.Shewasmorethanpl

33、ump,herthick-ankledfeetthrustintolow-heeledshoes.Thegirlinthegreensuitwaswakingquicklyaway.IfeltasthoughtIwassplitintotwo,sokeenwasmydesiretofollowher,andyetsodeepwasmylongingforthewomanwhosespirithadtrulycompanionedmeandupheldmyown.Andthereshestood.Herpaleplumpfacewasgentleandsensible,hergrayeyesha

34、dawarmandkindlytwinkle.Ididnothesitate.Myfingersgrippedthesmallwornblueleathercopyofthebookthatwastoidentifymetoher.Thiswouldnotbelove,butitwouldbesomethingprecious,somethingperhapsevenbetterthanlove.Isquaredmyshouldersandsalutedandheldoutthebooktothewoman,eventhoughwhileIspokeIfeltchockedbythebitte

35、rnessofmydisappointment:“ImLieutJohnBlanchard.Imsogladyoucouldmeetme;mayItakeyouTakeyoutodinner?Thewomansfacebroadenedintoatoleratesmile.“Idontknowwhatthisisabout,son,”sheanswered,buttheyoungladyinthegreensuitwhojustwentby,shebeggedmetowearthisroseonmycoat.Andshesaidifyouweretoaskmetodinner,Ishouldt

36、ellyouthatsheiswaitingforyouinthebigrestaurantacrossthestreet.Shesaidthisiskindoftest!Unit2ShapingandreshapingpersonalityPartI-A1- h,2-d,3-j,4-k,5-b,6-i,7-g,8-e,9-l,10-f,11-c,12-aTapescript:1. TaurusApril21-May12,isrepresentedbyabull.2. Virgoisrepresentedbyayoungwoman.3. Capricornbyagoat.4. Piscesby

37、twofish.5. Aquariusbythewater-bearer.6. Leobyalion7. Cancerbyacrab8. Ariesbyaram9. Geminibytwins10. Sagitarusbyacentaurshooinganarrow11. Scorpiobyascorption12. Librabyapairofmeasuringscales.PartI-BVery,notvery,extremely,sortof,veryTapescript:W:Hey,Kevin.Helpmefilloutthispersonalitysurvey.It'llbe

38、fun.M:Oh,Idon'tknow.W:Oh,comeon.Ok,here'sthefirstone-whatshouldIputfor"aggressive"?M:Oh,II'dsay"very".W:Very?Really?M:Yeah,sure.Lookatthewayyoudrive!W:Well,Ok,soI'maveryaggressivedriver.But.Youhavetodrivelikethatinthiscity,oryou'regonnabehit,becauseM:Uh,.What&

39、#39;sthenextone?W:"Selfish".M:Oh,notatall.W:Really?Well.Maybejustalittle.Imean,alotofpeopleare,right?Justalittlebit?Youknow,Imean,Itrytothinkofotherpeople,butsometimesIdojustthinkofmyself,Iguess.M:Ok,Ok,soput"notvery."W:OK.M:Butyoucanput"extremely"forthenextone.W:What?O

40、h,"kind"?M:Yes.Don'tyouthinkyouareanextremelykindperson?W:Iam?Ok,ifyousayso.Oh,looktthisnextone.W:Yeah.M:Hmm.Idon'tknow.Sometimesyoucanbereallypatient,butothertimesyouarenotpatientatall.Likerememberthattimeinlineatthesupermarketwhenyougot.W:Ok,ok,Igetyourpoint.I'llput"sort

41、of"/.M:Ok,that'sright.W:Nextone."jealous".IguessIamsortofjealous.M:Sortof?I'dput"very".Rememberhowangryyougotwhenmyex-girlfriendcalledtheotherday?Irememberyouaregonnaraisetheroof.W:Allright,allright,"Very".PartI-CAmbitiousandproudHelpfulandhonestSelfishandu

42、nreliableTapescript:GeorgeW:Sowhatareyougoingtodoafteryougraduates,George?G:I'mgoingtostartmyownbusiness.W:Oh,really?Whattypeofbusiness?G:Well,Ihaven'tdecidedyet,butIknowI'llbesuccessfulinanythingIdo.Infact,Iamgoingtobeoneofthetopbusinesspeopleintowninlessthanfiveyears.Justwaitandsee!Iha

43、veeverythingittakes-Iamsmart,Icanorganizepeople.AndIamfullofideasthatcanmakemoney.KarenK:Hey!Lookatthiswalletonthesidewalk.Wow!There'slotofmoneyinit.Butnoidentification.Mmm.IwonderhowIcanfindtheowner?IguessIwilltakeittothepolicestationandseeifanyonehasreportedalostwallet.PamM:Whatareyoudoingtoni

44、ght,Pam?P:Well,IwassupposedtomeetBillafterworkforamovie,butIdon'tfeellikegoing.IthinkIwillgoshoppinginstead.M:Won'tBillgetmad?P:Oh,Iamsurehecanfindsomethingelsetodo.M:Oh?P:Besides,Ireallyneedsomenewclothes.Ihaven'tboughtanyfornearlyamonth!M:Huh!PartIIYoungboys1. Measuretheboys'abilit

45、iesandhowtheyfeltabouttheirownabilities;2. Threegroups-thosewithhighself-esteem/middleself-esteem/lowself-esteem3. Inallsituation-athome/atwork/inschool/withfriends1.Active/abletoexpressideas/successfulinschoolandinrelationswithotherpeople/creative/ledindiscussions/interestedinworldproblems/seldomti

46、redorsick2.Liketheboyswithhighself-esteem/expressideasfreely/sawtheworldasagoodandhappyplace/notsureoftheirownvalue3.Sadmosttime/afraidtostartactivities/feltnolove/couldn'texpressideas/afraidofanger/notalkindiscussiona. closenessb.almost anythingc. no definited. harsh punishmentf. didn't lov

47、e themb. goodbehaviorc.definite,strict,kindandthoughtfuld. rewardse. democratic,respectedf. importance,takenawayTapescript:ScientistshavelearnedagreatdealaboutthepartsofbrainandtheirfunctionsT.heyhavealsostudiedthedevelopmentofthepersonality,forexample,howababylearnstolove.Inrecentstudiesattwouniver

48、sitiesintheUnitedStates,scientistshaveinvestigatedthedevelopmentofself-esteem.Self-esteemistherespectapersonhasforhimself,hisbeliefinhisabilityandinthevalueofwhathedoes.Thescientistsstudiedself-esteeminyoungboys.Theygavethemmanytests.Thesetestmeasuredtheboys'abilitiesandalsohowtheyfeltabouttheir

49、ownabilities.Afterthetests,theboysweredividedintothreegroups-thosewithhigh-esteem,thosewithmiddle-esteemandthosewithloveself-esteem.Thescientistcontinuedtostudytheboysinallsituations.Theystudiedthemathome,atwork,inschool,andwiththeirfriends.Fromtheirstudies,thescientistsmadesomeobservations.Boyswith

50、highself-esteemwereactive.Theywereabletoexpresstheirideas.Theyweresuccessfulinschoolandintheirrelationswithotherpeople.Indiscussions,theyled.Theydidn'tjustlisten.Theywereinterestedinworldproblems.Theywerecreativeandbelievedthattheycouldfinishwhatevertheystarted.Theyseldombecametiredorsick.Inmany

51、ways,theboyswithmiddleself-esteemwereliketheboyswithhighself-esteem.Theytooexpressedtheirideasfreelyandsawtheworldasagoodandhappyplace.However,theywerenotsureoftheirownvalueaspeople.Theydidtheirbestworkwhentheyweresurethatotherpeoplelikedthem.Theboyswithlowself-esteemweredifferentfromtheothertwogrou

52、ps.Theyweresadmostofthemtime.Theywereafraidtostartactivities.Theyfeltthatnoonelovedthem.Theycouldnotexpresstheirideas.Theywereafraidofanger.Inadiscussion,theylistened,buttheydidn'ttalk.Thescientistsasked,"Howdosomeboysdevelophighself-esteem?":"Whatisdifferentintheirlives?"Som

53、eoftheanswersweresurprising.Highself-esteemdidnotdependuponphysicalappearance,ormoney,orsizeoffamily.Itdidnotdependuponhowmuchthemotherwasathome.Thescientistsfoundthattherewasaclosenessbetweentheboyswithhighself-esteemandtheirparents.Theirparentsshowedrealinterestinthem,andspendtimewithtime.Theylist

54、enedtotheirsonsandgavethemhelpwhentheboysaskedforit.Theyknewtheirsons'friends.Thesonknewthattheywereimportanttotheirparents.Theseparentsdemandedgoodbehavior.Theymaddefiniterules.Theywerestrict,butnotharsh.Theycorrectedtheirsons'behaviorbyrewards,notbypunishment.Theynevertookawaytheirlove.Ont

55、heotherhand,theparentsofboyswithlowself-esteemlettheirsonsdoalmostanything.Ifaboymadeamistake,theparentspunishedhimharshly.Theyboysbelievedthattheirparentsdidn'tlovethem.Therewerenodefiniterules.Thefamilylifeoftheboyswithhighself-esteemwasdemocratic.Theparentsmaderules,buttheyledinakindandthough

56、tfulway.Theyshowedrespectfortheirchildren'sideas,evenwhentheydidnotagreewiththem.Theylettheboysgivetheiropinionsindiscussionsoffamilyplans.Theseboyswereproductivecitizens.Nowthesescientistsarestudyingothergroupsofchildren.Theywanttolearnhowtohelpchildrenwithlowself-esteemfeelbetteraboutthemselve

57、s.Inthisway,thesechildrencanbecomeproductivecitizenstoo.PartIII-ASad,temporary,long,sufferfrommental,Anyone,ten,developing,80percent,drugs,effective,carefullyWithout,activity,minor,walking,30,four,improve,physical,traditional,hour,talking,doctors,Discussion,ways,problemsEducation,understand.PartIII-

58、B1Manifest angerJoyous,warm,lovingventangeronsomebodyDumpangerTapescriptSpeaker1Iactuallyveryrarelygetanger.I'vequitealongtetherwhenitcomestoanger,whichdoesn'tmean,Ireallydon'tbelieveI'msuppressinganyangeratall,butitmanifestitselfinaverysarcasticwaywithme.Likeifforexample,ifI'mbu

59、yingarailwayticketorsomethingandtheguybehindthecounterisverysurlyandyounowrefusestotreatmelikeahumanbeing,Iwon'tgetangrywithhimbutI'llgetverysarcasticwithhimandtrytomakeveryverycleverremarks.Andthatformeseversitspurpose.Idofeelcleansedafterasituationlikethat.OfcourseIdosometimes,ifit'sab

60、solutelynecessaryIdogetveryangry,ifI'mtakenthatfar.ButIcertainlydon'tsuppressanyanger.Speaker2Well,myangeristiedupwithmysleeplessnights.Imean,ifIdonnotsleepwell,Iwakeupinthemorning,Iamangry.Iuseanyexcusetoventmyangeronanybody.IfIsleepwell,theneverythingisfine.I'majoyous,warm,lovingperson.Sleeplessnights,I'mfullofangerandmyangerdoesnotebbawayunlessIuseathingorsomebodytoventitupon.Asweakasthatmaysound,that'sho