高一英语英语必修3Unit1语法情态动词

1、Modal Verbs Modal Verbs Unit 1Unit 12022年4月7日星期四2情态动词表示说话人的某种情态动词表示说话人的某种感情或语气，对某一动作感情或语气，对某一动作或状态的某种态度。或状态的某种态度。表示表示“需要、可以、需要、可以、必须、应当必须、应当”等。等。 什么是情态动词？什么是情态动词？ (Modal Verbs)(Modal Verbs)can/could, may/might, must/ have to, shall/should (ought to), will/would need, dare/dared2022年4月7日星期四3情态动词的特点：1

2、.情态动词自身都有一定的意义，但不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事发生。2.情态动词除ought和have外，后面必须接不带to的不定式。3.情态动词没有人称和数的变化,也没有非谓语形式。2022年4月7日星期四4 1. can的主要用法是： A. 表能力 eg. The girl can dance very well. be able to 通过努力做成某事 He was able to reach Mount Qomolangma in 2000. B. 表示说话者的推测事物的可能性:(否、疑） eg. Can the news be true? C. 在口语中, c

3、an可以表示请求或允许： eg. Can I sit here? 1. can和could2022年4月7日星期四52. could的主要用法是： A. could 是can的过去式, 表示与过去 有关的能力和推测: We all knew that the young man couldnt be a doctor. B. could可以代替can表示请求, 但语气较can客气、委婉:could 提问，答语用can -Could I borrow your pen?-yes, you can.2022年4月7日星期四6may 常用来表示： 1. 在正式文体中表示请求、允许（比can正式）：:

4、 eg. May I come in ? You may go now. 2. 表示说话人的猜测: “也许” “可能”: 通常只用于肯定句和否定句中。The guest may arrive this afternoon.-Can he attend the meeting?-Yes, he_. I am not sure.2.may和mightmay2022年4月7日星期四73. 表示祝愿,位于句首 eg. May you succeed! May you have a good journey! 4. may as well=had better do (最好做某事） Youd bette

5、r take notes carefully. You may as well take notes carefully. 2022年4月7日星期四83.will和wouldwill是助动词还是情态动词？ will用于构成将来时是助动词。 eg. I will tell you something important. 我要告诉你一件重要的事情。 情态动词：1.表意愿或意志 I will never do it again. If you will marry me, whatever I have is yours, and mines is yours.2022年4月7日星期四9 2.提出

6、 请求或建议 ,在疑问句中用于第二人称。 eg: If you want help, let me know, will you? Will you type this, please? 祈使句问句与答语一般用will Open the door, will you? - Please come to my party. - Yes, I will3. 表习惯或必然结果 Fish will die without water. I will go to see my former classmates on weekends. 2022年4月7日星期四10would & used to

7、 (过去常常，习惯于）would 现在有可能做，也有可能不做used to 现在一定没有做There used to be a big tree.I would go to the library when I was free.I _ to cry when I was a child.used to2022年4月7日星期四114.shall和should shall 用法 1. shall表征求意见，用于一三人称 疑问句中 Shall we go by train, Mom? Shall he attend the meeting?2.用于二 三人称 的陈述句中，表威胁警告命令允诺等语气

8、You shall get a present when I came back. You shall be punished if you break the rules.2022年4月7日星期四12should 用法用法1.应该应该=ought to You should study hard.2. 表万一，多位于句首。表万一，多位于句首。 Should he come, I would let you know.3. “居然居然”，“竟然竟然”,表说话人意料之外。表说话人意料之外。 针对现在针对现在- + V原原 针对过去针对过去- should have done To my surp

9、rise, he should be a thief. He should have lied to me yesterday.2022年4月7日星期四135.must的主要用法1. 必须。must表主观“必须” have to 表客观“不得不” I must go home this Saturday. Ive got a cold, so I have to see a doctor. -Must I stay here? -Yes, you must./ No, you neednt./you dont have to.mustnt 表禁止，不准，一定不要。 You mustnt pla

10、y with fire. You mustnt take drugs. 2022年4月7日星期四142. 表“偏要”“偏偏”，违背说话人意愿。 Must you talk in class? -How much do you earn? -Ill tell you if you must know it. 3. 一定，肯定 He must be crazy. He must have stayed up last night.4. 表推测的反应，反义疑问句中不能出现must的形式，反义形式取决于句中时态2022年4月7日星期四151.He must be my English teacher,

11、2. He must have finished his homework,3. It must have rained yesterday,isnt he?hasnt he?didnt it?2022年4月7日星期四16表示推测表示推测情态动词的重要用法情态动词的重要用法肯定的推测肯定的推测可能的推测可能的推测否定的推测否定的推测疑问的推测疑问的推测must 对将来对将来 对现在对现在 对过去对过去情态动词情态动词may, might cant, couldntcan, could + V. + V. + have done常见常见must be + be doing + V. + V. +

12、 have done + be doing 可以用可以用not表示表示“可能不可能不” +V. + V. + have done + be doing+ V. + V. + have done + be doing2022年4月7日星期四17Practice :表示推测表示推测情态动词的重要用法情态动词的重要用法1. You must be Mr Smith-I was told to expect you here.2. He must have known what we wanted.3. We may have read the same report.4. He cant have

13、slept through all that noise.5. Theres someone outside-who can it be?6. What can they be doing?7. These pills might help to cure your disease.8. You could be right, I suppose.2022年4月7日星期四18 1. I dont know where she is, she _ be in Wuhan. 2. At this moment, our teacher _ our exam papers. 这时这时, 我们老师想必

14、在批改试卷。我们老师想必在批改试卷。 3. The road is wet. It _ last night. (rain) 4. Your mother _ for you. 你妈妈一定一直在找你。你妈妈一定一直在找你。5. Mike _ his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.迈克一定还没有找回他的车迈克一定还没有找回他的车, 因为早上他是因为早上他是 坐公共汽车来上班的。坐公共汽车来上班的。maymust be markingmust have rainedmust have been lookingPractice 2: Fil

15、l in the blanks. cant have found2022年4月7日星期四19need & dare (dared)情态动词 ：need/dare do sthneed/dare not do sth 实意动词： need/dare to do sthdont/doesnt/didnt dare to do sth（无单三形式）2022年4月7日星期四201.Being afraid of making mistakes ,he _ answer his teachers question A. doesnt dare B. doesnt dare to C. daren

16、t to D. not dare to 2.Having failed the exam. The little boy _go home and face his mom. A. dares not to B. dares not C. dare not to D. dare not 2022年4月7日星期四21情态动词+have done should/ought to have doneshouldnt have donemust have donecant/couldnt have donecould have doneneed have doneneednt have done(针对

17、过去）2022年4月7日星期四22 1 Children under 12 years of age in that country _ be under adult supervision when in a public library. (2004 上海） A. must B. may C. can D. need2022年4月7日星期四232 Some aspects of a pilots job_ be boring, and pilots often _ work at inconvenient hours. （2006 湖南） A. can；have to B. may；can

18、 C. have to; may D. ought to; must 2022年4月7日星期四243The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I _ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. (2006 江西） A should have taken B could have taken C neednt have taken D mustnt have taken2022年4月7日星期四254 Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?

19、It _ be, but it is now heavily polluted. （2007 全国I） A. will B. would C. should D. must 2022年4月7日星期四265 I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I have driven her there. （2007 陕西） A. could B. must C. might D. should2022年4月7日星期四277. (10湖南湖南23) You _ buy a gift, but you can if you want t

20、o.A. must B. mustnt C. have to D. dont have to8. (10江西江西23) I have told you the truth. _ I keep repeating it?A. Must B. Can C. May D. Will DA2022年4月7日星期四289. Its the office! So you _ know eating is not allowed here. Oh, sorry. (2009湖南卷湖南卷) A. must B. will C. may D. need10. What do you mean, there ar

21、e only ten tickets? There _ be twelve. (2009 全国卷全国卷I) A. should B. would C. will D. shallAA2022年4月7日星期四2911. I cant leave. She told me that I _ stay here until she comes back. (2009 全国卷全国卷II) A. can B. must C. will D. may12. He must be helping the old man to water the flowers, _? (2009 陕西卷陕西卷) A. is

22、 he B. isnt he C. must he D. mustnt heBB2022年4月7日星期四3013. - Will you go skating with me this winter vacation? - It _ . (2002上海) A. all depended B. all depends C. is all depended D. is all depending解析解析: : 答案答案B B。It all depends 是是“不确定不确定”、“看情况看情况”的意思。的意思。B2022年4月7日星期四31根据汉语完成句子。根据汉语完成句子。 1. A: _(我可以

23、跟朋友 去) to the harvest festival? B: Yes, you may.2. A: If I want to be a doctor, _ _ (我应该学理科吗)? B: I think so. May I go with friendsshould I studyscience 2022年4月7日星期四32 3. I dont know where she is, she _ _ (可能在武汉). 4. At this moment, our teacher _ (想必在批改) our exam papers. 5. The road is wet. It _ (肯定

24、下雨了) last night. 6. Your mother _ _ (一定一直在找你).maymust be markingmust have rainedmust have been lookingbe in Wuhanfor you2022年4月7日星期四337. Philip _ _(可能在车 祸中受了重伤). 8. -Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here. -She _ (可能上班) by bus.9. Mike _ (一定还没有找回) his car, for he came to work by bus th

25、is morning.may (might) have been hurtmay (might) have gonecant have foundseriously in the car accident2022年4月7日星期四342022年4月7日星期四35情态动词表示说话人的某种情态动词表示说话人的某种感情或语气，对某一动作感情或语气，对某一动作或状态的某种态度。或状态的某种态度。表示表示“需要、可以、需要、可以、必须、应当必须、应当”等。等。 什么是情态动词？什么是情态动词？ (Modal Verbs)(Modal Verbs)can/could, may/might, must/ have to, shall/should (ought to), will/would need, dare/dared2022年4月7日星期四36情态动词的特点：1.情态动词自身都有一定的意义，但不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事发生。2.情态动词除ought和have外，后面必须接不带to的不定式。3.情态动词没有人称和数的变化,也没有非谓语形式。