考研英语翻译模拟试题及答案(一)

1、考研英语翻译模拟试题及答案(一)Directions:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation must be writtenclearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)一、经济学史Economics, as we know it, is the social science concerned with the production, distribution,exchange, a

2、nd consumption ofgoods and services. Economists focus on the wayin which individuals, groups, business enterprises, and governments seek to achieve efficientlyany economic objective they select. (46) Other fields of study also contribute to this knowledge: Psychology and ethics try to explain how ob

3、jectives are formed, history records changes in human objectives, and sociology interprets human behavior in social contexts.Standard economics can be divided into two major fields. (47) The first, price theory or microeconomics, explains how the interplay of supply and demand incompetitivemarkets c

4、reates a multitudeof individualprices, wage rates, profitmargins, andrental changes. Microeconomics assumes that people behave rationally. Consumers try to spend their income in ways that give them as much pleasure as possible. As economists say, they maximize utility. For their part, entrepreneurs

5、seek as much profit as they can extract from their operations.The second field, macroeconomics, deals withmodern explanationsof national income and employment. Macroeconomics dates from the book, The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money (1935), by the Britisheconomist John Maynard Keyne

6、s. His explanation of prosperity and depression centers on the total or aggregate demand for goods and services by consumers, business investors, and governments,(48) Because, according to Keynes, inadequate total demand increases unemployment, theindicatedcureiseithermoreinvestmentby businesses or

7、more spending and consequently larger budget deficits by government.Economic issues have occupied people s minds throughout the ages.(49) Aristotle and Plato in ancient Greece wrote about problems of wealth, property, and trade, both of whom were prejudiced against commerce, feeling that to live by

8、trade was undesirable. The Romans borrowed their economic ideas from the Greeks and showed the same contempt for trade.(50) During the Middle Ages the economic ideas of the Roman Catholicchurch were expressedin the law of the church, which condemned the taking of interest for money loaned and regard

9、ed commerce as inferior to agriculture.Economics as a subject of modern study, distinguishable from moral philosophy and politics, dates from the work, Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776), by the Scottish philosopher andeconomist Adam Smith. Mercantilism and physiocrac

10、y were precursorsof the classical economics of Smith and his 19th-century successors.答案46. 其他领域的研究也有助于对此的理解：心理学和伦理学试图解 释目标是如何形成的， 历史记录着人们所追求的目标的变化， 社会学则从社会环境的角度来解释人们的行为。47. 第一个领域，价格理论或微观经济学，解释在竞争的市场中供 需间的相互作用是怎样导致了大量的个别价格、工资率、利润空间和租金的变化。48. 因为，按照凯恩斯的理论，不充分的总体需求会增加失业， 建议的解决方式是企业扩大投资或政府增加开支，继而增加预算赤字。

11、49.古希腊的亚里士多德和柏图都在著作中谈到财富、财产和贸易问题，两人都对商业持有偏见，认为靠生意来谋生是不足取的。50.在中世纪，罗马天主教会的经济学思想表达在其教法中，教法谴责从借贷中获利的行为，并认为商业地位劣于农业。总体分析本文主要介绍了经济学的研究发展历史。第一段：经济学的定义及研究对象。第二、三段：经济学的两大领域：微观经济学和宏观经济学。第四、五段：经济学研究的古代和现代理论。试题精解46.精解 本题考核的知识点是：并列分句、后置定语。how 引导的该句子中冒号后是并列的三个简单句。第一个分句中从句做 explain 的宾语 ;第二个和第三个分句中都有介词 in 的短语做后置定语

12、，翻译时应提前。词汇 方面 ： contributeto 意 为 “是 的原因 ; 增进 ， 有 助于”;knowledge意为“知识;知晓，了解 ”，文中活译为 “对的理解 ”。47.精解 本题考核的知识点是：宾语从句、状语。句子的主干是 The first explains how 。主语后的名词短语price theory or microeconomics 是其同位语，因此翻译the first 时，应增译为“第一个领域 ”。 how 引导宾语从句，其主干是the interplay creates。介词短语 in competitive markets 做地点状语，翻译时应前置。词汇

13、方面： interplay 意为“相互影响 ”;a multitude o意f为“许多的，大量的”;individual意为 “个别的，单独的， 个人的 ”;margin意为“时(间、空间、金钱的 )余地”，profit margin 指“利润空间 ”。48.精解 本题考核的知识点是：词性转换。该句是包含原因状语从句的复合句 ,句子主干是 the indicated cure is 表,语由并列连词 either o连r 接。词汇方面：indicated 是过去分词用做形容词， 动词 indicate 意为“表明，暗示，提及，建议 ”，根据上下文 indicated 译为“建议的 ”。more

14、 investment， more spending和 larger budget deficits 是形容词比较级加名词，根据汉语习惯转换成动词加名词的搭配，即“扩大投资 ”、“增加开支 ”和“增加预算赤字 ”。49.精解本题考核的知识点是：定语从句、分词做状语。主句是 Aristotle and wrote about problem，s 后面接有 both of whom 引导的定语从句，采用拆译法单独成句。句子最后的分词结构feeling that在定语从句中做状语，翻译时也应单独成句，that 后引导的是宾语从句，做 feeling 的宾语。词汇方面： be prejudiced a

15、gainst意为“对有偏见 ”，undesirable意为“不想要的，不得人心的 ”。50.精解 本题考核的知识点是： 非谓语动词作后置定语、 定语从句。该句含有 which 引导的非限定性从句做定语，翻译时拆开单独成句，并重复先行词，做从句的主语。词汇方面： condemn意为“谴责”，taking of interest 是动名词结构，可增译为 “获利的行为 ”。全文翻译正如大家所知道的，经济学是与生产、分配、交换和消费物品和 服务相关的社会科学。经济学家关注个人、群体、商业企业和政府试 图有效地实现他们选定的任何经济目标的方式。 其他领域的研究也有助于对此的理解： 心理学和伦理学试图解释

16、目标是如何形成的，历史学记录着人们所追求的目标的变化， 社会学则从社会环境的角度来解释人们的行为。规范的经济学可分为两大主要的领域。第一个领域，价格理论或微观经济学， 解释在竞争的市场中供需间的相互作用是怎样导致了大量的个别价格、工资率、利润空间和租金的变化。微观经济学认为人的行为是理性的。消费者努力以能带来愉悦的方式花费他们的收入。按经济学家所说，他们使效用化。对企业家而言，他们从经营中寻求的利润。第二个领域，宏观经济学，是涉及国民收入和就业的现代理论。宏观经济学最早可追述到英国经济学家约翰梅纳德 凯恩斯 1935 年所著的就业、利息和货币通论一书。他对繁荣和萧条的解释围绕 消费者、商业投资者和政府对货物或服务的总体需求。因为，按照凯 恩斯的理论， 不充分的总体需求会增加失业， 建议的解决方式是企业扩大投资或政府增加开支，继而增加预算赤字。经济问题一直以来都占据着