2019-2020年高考英语语法专题复习分类汇编-名词性从句

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上2019-2020年高考英语语法专题复习分类汇编-名词性从句1. Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious _ the problem itself is. (xx·湖南卷31) A. what B. that C. which D. why【解析】选A。空白处后句子缺表语。因此不能选B。B中的that 只起引导作用，无实意。而该句选what既起了引导作用，又作了句子成分表语。 2. It is still under discussion _ the old bus station should

2、be replaced with a modern hotel or not. (xx·重庆卷22)A. whether B. whenC. which D. where【解析】选A。该句中it作形式主语，真正的主语是由whetheror not引导的从句。句意：是否这个旧车站该由现代宾馆取代还在讨论中。考点1.名词性从句的种类及连接词I want to be liked and loved for_I am inside. A. who B. where C. what D. how【解析】选C。what 引导的宾语从句作for 的宾语， what在从句中作am的表语。 名词性从句

3、具有名词的功能，分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四种。它由以下三种连接词引导： 1. 连词： that, whether, if。 2. 连接代词： who, whom, whose, which, what等。 3. 连接副词： when, where, why, how等 Keep in mind _ you want others to respect you, you must respect others first. A. that when B. that if C. if when D. when if 【解析】选B。that引导一个宾语从句，宾语从句中又有一个由i

4、f引导的条件状语从句。1. that引导名词性从句时既无词义也不在从句中作任何成分。 2. that引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时一般不可省，引导宾语从句时常可省。但是， and连接两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，第二个that不可省。 3. that从句一般不作介词的宾语。但： in that “因为”， except / but that“除了”例外。考点3.whether, if的用法 It's reported that Pakistan is considering _ to continue its information cooperation

5、with the US because the US didn't inform them in advance before they took action to kill Bin Laden. (xx·成都七中高三最后一套模拟卷) A. what B. how C. whether D. if【解析】选C。在 whether后只能用不定式或后接or not，不能接if，即whether to do 或whether or not。 whether, if引导名词性从句时，表示“是否”， 不在从句中作任何成分，二者常可通用，但在下面几种情况下一般只用whether: (1

6、)引导主语从句。 (2)引导表语从句。 (3)引导同位语从句。 (4)在动词discuss之后。 (5)在介词之后。 (6)后面紧跟or not。 (7)动词不定式前。考点4.名词性从句的语序 I really wonder _ will stop Japan from its annual whale hunt in the Antarctic. (山西太原五中xx xx第二学期月考4月) A. that it is what B. what it is that C. what is it that D. that is it what【解析】选B。空白处为一宾语从句作动词wonder的宾

7、语。而宾语从句是一个强调句，强调what。宾语从句要采用陈述语序。名词性从句用陈述语序，为：连词(+被修饰语)+主语+谓语。即主谓不倒装。 考点5. what与that引导名词性从句的区别例1：It is not always easy for the public to see _ use a new invention can be of to human life. (xx·重庆卷34)A. Whose B. whatC. which D. that【解析】选B。空白处作动词 see 的宾语。宾语从句按顺序为a new invention can be of what use

8、to human life，疑问词what前置。因此选B。 例2：Modern science has given clear evidence _ smoking can lead to many diseases. (xx·天津卷13)A. what B. which C. that D. where【解析】选C。that引导词作名词evidence的同位语从句引导词。该词只起引导作用，无实义，不可省略。 1. 在名词性从句中，that只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，本身也没有词义，即从句中不缺少任何成分时用连词that. 2. that在从句中作主语时通常用i

9、t作形式主语，而将that从句置于句末作真正的主语。但what不能用it作形式主语。 3. that可引导同位语从句，但what不能。考点6.由reason作主语时，表语从句的连接词The reason why he can't go to school is _ he is ill. A. because B. why C. that D. which 【解析】选C。reason作主语时，其后的表语从句一般用连词that。reason作主语时，表语从句所用连词为that, 一般不用because或why等。考点7. that引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别例1：_ was known

10、to all that William had broken his promise _ he would never play puter games again. (xx·湖南雅礼中学高三第8次月考卷) A. As; which B. As; that C. It; that D. What; that【解析】选C。it作形式主语，第一个that后引导从句作真正主语。名词promise后接that引导的同位语从句。对前一名词内容进一步补充说明。 例2：Helping others is a habit, one _ you can learn even at an early a

11、ge. (xx·山东卷改编) A. it B. that C. what D. who 【解析】选B。one是a habit的同位语。作为定语从句的先行词，后用which或 that作定语从句动词learn的宾语。关系代词作宾语也可省略。 that引导同位语从句时， that在从句中不作成分(一般不省), 且不可用which来取代；that引导定语从句时， that须作主语、宾语或表语(作宾语时常可省), 且常可用which来取代。 ()1. Why dont you bring _ to his attention that you are too busy to do it? A

12、this Bthat Cit Dwhat ()2. The fact _ he didnt see Lao Li yesterday is true. Awhich Bthat Cwhen Dwhat()3. The book looks _ it had been out in the rain. Athat Bwhether Cas though Dwhat()4. I have no idea _ he will e back. Awhere Bwhen Cwhat Dthat()5. _ the old mans sons wanted to know was _ the gold h

13、ad been hidden. AThat; what BWhat; where CWhat; that DWhat; if ()6. No one can tell _ will happen next. Awhat Bwhen Cwhere Dwhich()7. Youre responsible to _ is in charge of sales. Awhom Bwho Cwhoever Dwhomever()8. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. Ahowever Bwhateve

14、r Cwhichever Dwhenever ()13. What the doctors really doubt is_ my mother will recover from the serious illness soon. Awhen Bhow Cwhether Dwhy ()14. Our hometown is quite different from _ before. Athat it was Bwhat it was Cwhich it was Dwhen it was()15. Someone is knocking at the door. Go and see_.Aw

15、ho is he Bwho he is Cwho is it Dwho it is ()16._surprised us very much that Tom should have left without a word. Ahe BIt CThis DThat()17. Some college students are seen doing _ work they can find to support themselves. Athat Bwhich Cwhatever Dno matter what ()18. Things were not _ they had been befo

16、re. Aas Bbecause Cthat Dwhen ()19. After_ seemed an endless effort，the patient was finally able to carry out_ seemed a perfectly normal walk. A. what；what Bthat; that Cit; that Dwhich; like()20. He was ill. That is _ he didnt e yesterday. Awhen Bwhy Chow Dthat参考答案1. Cit是形式宾语，真正的宾语是由that引导的从句。2. B同位语

17、从句说明 fact 的具体内容，用 that 引导，不能省略。that只起连词作用，不作句子成分。3. Cas though/as if引导表语从句，意为“好像”。4. B用 when 引导同位语从句，表示将回来的时间，A、C、D三项均与题意不符。5. B第一空格考查what引导主语从句且在主语从句中作宾语；第二空格考查 where引导的表语从句，指地点。 9. CA is to B what C is to D意为“A与B的关系就等于C与D的关系”。又如：Air is to man what water is to fish.空气之于人犹如水之于鱼。10. Cwhose 在宾语从句中作表语。

18、11. A考查when引导的宾语从句。句意：我记得曾经这家工厂只有一个小车间和两台机器，只有when指时间。 12. B从句中谓语动词 do 已有宾语 more, 可排除 A 和 D; 在介词之后要用 whether而不用 if 引导宾语从句，所以选B。13. Cwhether引导表语从句，意为 “是否”。句意：医生真正怀疑的是我妈妈是否能很快从疾病中复原。14. Bwhat 引导的从句作介词的宾语，并在从句中作表语，而 that, when 则不能。15. D宾语从句用陈述语序，故可排除A项和C项；it可指未知的人或事物。故答案为D。16. Bit 作形式主语，引导主语从句， this，th

19、at不能作形式主语。17. Cwhatever引导名词性从句，在从句中修饰work，意为：“无论什么工作”，符合题意。而no matter what只能引导让步状语从句。18. Aas 引导表语从句。表示“正如，像那样子”。19. Aafter表示“在之后”与时间名词连用时是介词而不是连词。两空均为what引导的宾语从句并在从句中作主语。20. Bwhy 引导表语从句，表示“(有病的)结果”。专心-专注-专业2019-2020年高考英语语法专题复习分类汇编-定语从句与状语从句Julia was good at German, French and Russian, all of _ she s

20、poke fluently. (xx·湖南卷25) A. who B. whom C. which D. that 【解析】选C。前面谈到了3种语言即German，French和Russian，它们为先行词。all of which of which alland all of them，作非限定性定语从句。考点1.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的比较： . 定语从句  限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式其前无逗号其前有逗号翻译译在先行词前(即：从句译作先行词的定语)译成与主句并列的一个分句(即：译作两句)功能修饰名词或代词可修饰名词或代词，也可修饰整个主句关系词可用th

21、at引导；作宾语的关系代词常可省不可用that引导；关系词一律不省意义起限制作用(若被省去，原句意义不完整)起补充说明作用(若被省去，原句意义不受影响)考点2.介词+关系代词连用时，介词的选用She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _ had taken more than three years. (xx·江西卷34) A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which【解析】选C。博物馆的建设花了3年多时间。我们可以说whose constructio

22、n，也可以说the construction of whichof which the construction，介词of 表所属关系。 介词提前时，定语从句的形式为：介词+which/whom, 不能用that或who。介词的选用一般根据后边动词与介词的搭配关系选择。 考点3.as和which引导非限制性定语从句的比较例1：Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T­shirt, _ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. (xx·全国大纲卷7)A. this

23、 B. that C. what D. which【解析】选D。which引导非限定性定语从句。代指前句整个内容。 例2： _ is know to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What【解析】选B。A、D不能引导定语从句，C不能引导非限定性定语从句。As is known to everybodyAs everybody knows “正如大家所知道的”。该句也可换成It is known to everybody that the moon trav

24、els round the earth once every month. What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month. as和which的相同点： (1)先行词都可指代整个主句；(2)都可在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。as和which的不同点： (1)as引导的从句可位于句首，而which则不行；(2)as有“正如”之意，而which表示“这一点”。考点4.关系代词与关系副词的选用I will never forget the day _I came to my uni

25、versity and the day _I spent in a new city. A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when【解析】 选A。第一个时间名词the day 在从句中作状语，因此要用关系副词when；第二个时间名词the day 在从句中作动词spent的宾语，因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句或省略关系代词。如果先行词是时间、地点或理由，而引导词在从句中作时间、地点、原因等状语时，引导词用when, where, why；有时尽管先行词是时间、地点或理由，但是引导词在从句中不作状

26、语，而是作主语、宾语或表语，引导词则用that或which。Men are more suited to occupational environments _ require decisive action while women are better at jobs _ a considered approach is most important. (江苏南京金陵中学高三第4次模拟卷) A. which; that B. /; when C. which; when D. that; where【解析】选D。第一空用关系代词that或which 作主语，不可以省略。第二空用关系副词whe

27、re，因为句子意思完整，不缺主语或宾语。根据先行词job 和定语从句意思，确定用关系副词whereat which表地点，作地点状语。 定语从句中如果先行词是地点，而引导词在从句中可作地点状语，引导词用where；如果先行词是时间，而引导词在从句中可作时间状语，引导词用when。考点5.定语从句与同位语从句与强调句型的区别 Was it in the street _ our school is located in _ the car accident happened? A. where; thatB. where; which C. that; which D. which; that【

28、解析】选D。本题考查定语从句和强调句型。第一空考查定语从句， that或which作第二个in的宾语；第二空考查强调句型。 1. 区别定语从句与同位语从句最简单的方法是：在先行词与从句之间加be动词，若句子成立，则是同位语从句；若句子不成立，则可能为定语从句。The news that he has passed the exam pleased him and his family.由于“The news is that he has passed the exam.”句子成立，因此“that he has passed the exam”是The news的同位语。 The news th

29、at he told me this morning is not interesting.由于“The news is that he told me this morning”不成立，于是“that he told me this morning”不是The news的同位语，而是限定The news的定语从句。2. 区别定语从句与强调句最简单的方法是：若将It is / was和that / who去掉而句中不缺成分，结构完整，说明原句是强调句型；若结构不完整，则说明原句可能为定语从句。状语从句分为时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、结果、目的、方式及比较状语从句。状语从句 考点1.when,

30、 while, as引导时间状语的特殊点You can pay now or _ you e back to pick up the bike.A. when B. then C. while D. since【解析】选A。e是短暂性动词，而while从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的，所以排除C, when引导时间状语从句，与now对称。1. 表示带有规律性的“每当”或从句和主句的动作存在先后关系时，一般用when。 2. 表达“随着”或“一边一边”的含义，一般用as。 3. as作“当时候”解，从句的谓语一般不可是状态动词。 4. while从句的谓语动词不可是短暂性的。考点2.时间、条件状语从

31、句的时态一致性 例1：The big fire lasted as long as 24 hours _ it was brought under control. (山西太原五中xx xx第二学期月考)A. after B. before C. ahead D. since【解析】选B。before 引导时间状语从句用于以下句型：时间段before从句表示“隔了多少时间才”； it will be/ won't be long before从句，表示“很久就/不久就”。该句表示：大火一直持续了长达24小时才被控制住。 例2：As is reported, it is 100 year

32、s _ Qinghua University was founded. (xx·四川卷6)A. when B. before C. after D. since【解析】选D。该句考查句型it is/has been 时间段since 从句。句意：清华大学已成立了100年了。since从句后的动词一般为非延续性动词，表动作的开始。 1. 句型“It will be+段时间+before从句”，表示“不久就”。从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 2. 句型“It is+段时间+since+一般过去时。”主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。若从句谓语动词是延续性的，表示动作的终止；若从句

33、谓语动词是短暂性的，则表示动作的开始。考点3. as引导状语从句的用法例1：Try _ she might, Sue couldn't get the door open. (xx·新课标卷22)A. if B. when C. since D. as【解析】选D。as 引导让步状语从句。Try as she might Though she might try，该句型主要有以下几种形式：零冠词名词as 主语be形容词(名词)as 主语be动词原形as主语情态动词as引导原因状语从句说明原因语气较弱，着重点在主句，常译为“由于，因为”。例2：_ he was, he ofte

34、n ended up in financial troubles. A. Though well paid B. As well paid C. Well paid as D. Well paid【解析】选C。 此处as引导让步状语从句， well paid可看作形容词放于句首。 as/though引导让步状语从句时，意为“虽然”， 从句中的形容词、副词、名词(其前一般不用冠词)或动词原形放于句首构成倒装(though也可不倒装)。although 引导让步状语从句时不倒装；while 引导让步状语从句时只能位于句首。考点4.what引导方式状语从句的用法Reading is to the m

35、ind _ food is to the body. A. what B. that C. which D. of which【解析】选A。该句意为“阅读之于心灵犹如食物之于身体”。what引导方式状语从句，一般只用于A is to B what C is to D这一句型中，意思是“A对于B的重要性，就如同C对于D的重要性一样”。 考点5. such as与such that的区别People were shocked by such a bloody murder in Virginia _ no one experienced ever. A. as B. which C. where

36、D. that 【解析】选A。as引导的定语从句， as常与such, the same搭配使用。suchas引导的是定语从句， as须作主语、宾语、表语等；suchthat引导的是结果状语从句， that不作成分。 考点6.表示“一就”的时间状语从句 Did you keep it in mind to give Jennifer the money you owed her? Yes, I gave it to her _ I saw her. A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once【解析】选B。the moment在此作连词，意思是“一就”。

37、 1. as soon as常用一般现在时表将来。 2. hardlywhen或no soonerthan结构中，主句谓语用过去完成时，从句谓语用一般过去时。 3. 表示时间概念的副词充当连词，如： immediately, directly, instantly等。 4. “the+瞬间名词”， 如： the moment, the minute, the second等。考点7. while引导让步状语从句表示“尽管，虽然”的用法 _ all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post. (xx&#

38、183;陕西卷19)A. Since B. While C. If D. As【解析】选B。while表“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句。其意义相当于although或though。句意：尽管他们所有人都是强有力的候选人对象，但仅有一个将被获选担任这个职位。xx届高考英语语法专题复习讲义荟萃状语从句 ()1. _ you show any fear，the tiger will attack you. AOnce BUntil CTill DWhile()2. The master will not attend our meeting _ he_ free. Aif; will be Bif

39、; is Cunless; shall be Dunless; is()3. Those who have problems in real marriage would look for other ways to evade (逃避) their families，_ there was no web marriage. Aas if Bonly when Ceven if Din which()4._ I could write down the number of the bus，the bus had run away. ABefore BUnless CUntil DOnce()5

40、. She had to go back to the room _she had left her handbag there. Aunless Buntil Cbecause Dwhere()6. Shall we go outing _ fine tomorrow? Aunless it is Bif it will be Cif it is Dwhether it is ()10. Questions about her divorce follow _she goes. Awhere Bwhenever Cwhatever Dwherever Ain case Bso long as Cas if Deven if ()12. _the days went on，the situation there got worse. AWith BSince CWhile DAs()13. _ the man grew older，he lost interest in everything except gardening. AWith BSince CWhile DAs()14. _ everybody is here，lets set out right away. ANow that