外研版选修八module1重点知识与练习

1、1 / 6I单词荟萃1._ explorer adj.探险者 explore vt.探险；勘探宀 n.（对某地区的）勘探2._adj.荒凉的，不适宜居住的Thospitable adj.好客的宀 hospitality n .殷勤好客mercial adj.商业的T_ n.商业；贸易4._ promote v .促进，增进Tn.提升；晋升；促进5._adj.正式的，仪式性的Tceremony n.仪式典礼；礼节；礼仪6._ n.缺乏；没有Tabsent adj 缺席的；不在的；缺乏的7._ tiresome adj.烦人的；令人讨厌的；令人厌倦的Tadj.疲劳的； 累的；厌倦的；厌烦的T_ti

2、ring adj.引起疲劳的;累人的8 depressing adj.令人沮丧的；令人抑郁的Tdepress v.使抑郁；使沮丧；使消沉T_ adj.沮丧的；消沉的9. discourage v.阻止；打消的念头Tv.鼓舞；鼓励Tcourage n.勇气10. _adj.常规的；普通的Tconven tion n.常规，习俗11. _n.鼓舞；启示Tin spire v .鼓舞；激励Tin spiri ng adj.鼓舞人心的n.短语检测1. 适应adapt to2.突出；显眼stand out3. 进入；到达set foot on4. 进入视野come into sight5. 陷入，被困在

3、be trapped6. （使）破裂，分解break up7. 扎营set up camp8.想出 （主意等 ）come up with9. 冒险take a risk10.精神抖擞，保持高昂的情绪keep ones spirits up11.遵守诺言keep ones promise12.尤其，特别in particular13 .万一in case of川.佳句再现1 Yet Antarctica is full of wildlife, which _ its extreme conditions.但是南极洲仍然栖息着很多野生生物，它们已经适应了那里极其恶劣的条件。2 Antarctic

4、a was the last continent _ .南极洲是最后一个被发现的大陆。3 We re _ radio and electronic communications.除了有无线电和电子通信，我们完全是与世隔绝的。4 Medical assistance is available _ .万一有紧急情况你可以获得医疗救助。5 Not until the late 18th century _ James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle, but he never saw land.直到 18 世纪末，英国探险家詹姆斯库克才穿越了南极圈，但他却从未发现任何

5、陆地。IV .单元语法Review of subjects ； Review of verbs 1 state n.州，国家，政府； 状态，状况； 情况，情形 vt.（to express sth. in spoken or writtenwords , esp carefully, fully and clearly） 陈述或说明 （某事） （尤指仔细、 详尽而明确地 ）(1)in a state of /in a state处于.状况a poor state of health健康欠佳state school国立学校(2)state ones views陈述自己的见解(3)make/iss

6、ue a statement发表声明活学活用】2 / 6(1)The house was _ .(state)那房子很脏。He _ positively that he had never seen the man.(state)他肯定地说他从未见过那个男子。value n .价值；用途，积极作用vt.评价，估价；重视(1)good value (for money) ( 钱 )花得值；物有所值of no value没有价值的；没有用的(2)value as 重视；珍视value at 估(某物的 )价位(3)valuable adj.很有用的；很重要的；宝贵的invaluable adj.无

7、价的,非常珍贵的valueless adj.没有价值的；不值钱的【易混辨析】price， cost， value ，worth ， charge 和 expense(1)price 意为“价钱” ，指卖方对物品所要求的价格，高于cost。(2)cost 意为“代价，成本” ，指对货物所付的一切代价，如制作、包装、运输费用。(3)value 意为“价值” ，指按人的主观判断，对物品本身内在用途的评价。如：I paid him $500 for the painting ， but its real value must be about $50,000. 这幅画我付给他 500 美元，但它真正的

8、价值 大约是 50,000 美元。(4)worth 意为“价值” ，指物体本身永远不变的价值，含着一定数量的金额，用法比较特殊。如：ten pounds worth of apples 价值 10 英镑的苹果(5)charge 意为“索价， 收费， 费用” ， 指为其提供服务后所要求付的价钱， 也可以用作动词。 常用短语：charge sb. 钱 for sth.；free of charge 免费。(6)expense 意为开支，花费”，指对.的实际开支金额。常用短语：at the expense of; at one s expense(以.为开支或代价 )。【活学活用】 1根据汉语意思完

9、成句子(1)He _ the house for me at 20,000 pounds.那栋房子他替我估价 20,000 英镑。(2)I _ very much.我非常重视你的建议。(3)This car is _your money.这辆汽车你买得很合算。2.根据语境选用 price , cost, value, worth , charge 或 expense 填空(1)Marriage and other _ have made me poor.(2)What is the _ for a day at the hotel?(3)Most restaurants now include

10、 the tip in the _ of the meal.(4)The use of cheap labor helped to keep _ down.(5)The winner will receive ten pounds _of books.3trap v .使陷入圈套，使中计；使陷入困境；卡住，夹住 n.圈套；陷阱(1)be trapped _ (to be in a bad situation from which you cannot escape)被困在/陷入困境(2)fall into a trap上当,落入圈套lay a trap for给设圈套【情景记忆】3 / 6Ou

11、ch, I fall intoAtrap!【活学活用】1 根据汉语意思完成句子The firefighters were trying to rescue those_ the bur ning hotel.消防队员们正在努力营救困在燃烧着的旅馆里面的那些人。2.单项填空The fox fell into the _ the hun ters had set for it.A . bush B . trap C. trick D. circle【解析】B 本题考查名词辨析。句意为：狐狸落入猎人给它设计的陷阱里。circle 圈，圆圈。4promote vt.促进，推动；促销，推销；提升，晋升(

12、1)promotion n .提升，提拔；晋级；推广(2)promote sb. fromto 某人从. 提升/晋升至promote growth/un dersta nding促进增长/了解【活学活用】(1) Your job is_你的工作是促销这一新产品。(2) The young army officer _ the rank of captain.这个年轻军官被提升为上尉。5discourage vt.使气馁；阻碍(1)discourage sb. from doing sth.劝阻某人别做某事(2)discouraged adj.感到泄气的(3)discouragi ng adj.

13、令人泄气的【活学活用】1根据汉语意思完成句子Hearing the_ result , he felt_ .听了这个令人泄气的结果，他感到很泄气。2.单项填空The college stude nts in China are _ from smok ing on campus because this will do them no good.A . discouragedB . observedC. obeyedD . obta inedbush 树丛；trap 陷阱；trick 把戏;【情景记忆】4 / 6【解析】 A 本题考查动词辨析。句意为：中国的大学生被劝阻别在大学吸烟，因为这对他

14、们没有任何好处。相5 / 6对 observe 观察”，obey 遵守”，obtain 获得”，只有 discourage 表示劝阻”，符合题意。6 risk n.风险；冒险 vt冒的危险(1)risky adj. 充满危险或风险的；有很大危险或风险的(2)risk ones health/fortune/life冒丧失健康 /财富 / 生命之险(3)take a risk (risks)/take the risk of doing sth.冒险(做可能失败或有危险的事 )run the risk of doing sth.冒险做某事at the risk of doing sth. 冒做某

15、事的危险at risk有危险；冒风险【经典句式】There is a risk that 有.的风险。【活学活用】1. 根据汉语意思完成句子(1)He _ to save mine.他冒着生命危险来救我。(2)By criticizing her boss ， she risked _ .批评老板，她冒着丢掉职位之险。(3)_ the crisis may spread further. 危机有 进一步蔓延的风险。2. 单项填空It would be _ a risk to let the child go to school by himself.A . runningB . followi

16、ngC. passingD . carrying【解析】A 句意为：让孩子单独去学校是冒风险的事。run a risk 意思是“冒风险”短语1 根据语境用 sta nd 短语的适当形式填空(1)Her work _ from the rest as easily the best.(2)How can you _ and let him treat his dog like that?2.单项填空I have no idea what these two letters _.A . stand upB . stand byC. stand forD . stand at【解析】C 句意为：我不

17、知道这两个字母代表什么。sta nd up 起立；sta nd by 支持，袖手旁观;1 stand out 出色，杰出；stand by stand forstand up stand up forsb./sth. stand up(tosth.) Stand still.【活学活用】更为重要 袖手旁观；支持代表；意指 站起来维护，支持 经得起 (检验 )站住，不许动。stand for 代表。6 / 62 break up (使 )断开； (使 )破碎；破裂；解散break away 突然离开；逃走；脱离；放弃break out发生；爆发break through突破；克服；打破break

18、 down失败，落空；出故障；（健康，情绪等 ） 崩溃，垮掉 【活学活用】根据语境用 break 短语的适当形式填空（1） She _ from him and ran to the window.（2） What s worse， his marriage has just _ .（3）_Several dem on strators （示威者）the barriers despite warnings from thepolice.（4）_You willsooner or later if you go on ignoring your health.I单词拼写1 The preside

19、nt came under _ （严厉的 ）criticism for his handling of the crisis.2 The Prime Minister s visit will p_ the cooperation between the two countries.3.I m_ （极度）sorry for the delay.4We _ （权衡） the advantages of living in a big city against the disadvantages and decided to move to the country.5. If you meet w

20、ith any difficulty in your study ，don t be d_ .n选词填空fail to ， on average， discourage sb. from doing ， break out， date back to1.He never _ write to his mother every week.2.The history of humanity may _ the Ice Age.3.Should another world war _ , what would become of human beings?4._ , 15 pounds worth

21、of goods is stolen every day.5.We _ giving up the job and he followed our advice.川单项填空1.I m surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have _ .So am I. They seemed very happy together when I last saw them.A . broken upB . finished upC. divided upD . closed up【解析】 A 本题考查动词短语辨析。 break up 断绝关系； finish up 结果成为

22、，最终到来； divide up 分担，分 配，分享； closeup （伤口 ）愈合。2. How about your journey to Mount Emei? Everything was wonderful except that our car _ twice on the way.A . slowed downB. broke downC. got downD . put down【解析】 B 本题考查动词短语辨析。 答语的意思是： 除了我们的车在途中抛锚了两次外， 一切都顺利。 break down 抛锚，出故障； slow down 减速，慢下来； get down 记下，

23、写下； put down 放下，记下，镇压。所以该题的答案为 B 项。3.Not until the motorbike looked almost new _repairing and cleaning it.A . he stoppedB . did he stopC. stopped heD . he did stop【解析】 B 本题考查倒装。 not until 位于句首，要求主句部分倒装。4.I had to apologize to Mr Smith for _ to keep the appointment.A . tryingB. failing7 / 6C. trying notD . not failing解析】B 句意为：我因为没能赴约不得不向斯密斯先生道歉。fail to do sth.没能做某事。for 后面用动名词形8 / 6式。5 Does this car give you good _ for your money?A valueB priceCworthD cost解析】 A good value for money 值得花那么多的钱。of his clothes indicated too clearly that he had been playing football.A stateCoccasionBco