人教版选修7：Unit+2+Robots+Grammar(共64张)

1、Learning about languagePeriod 4Watch the clip again and describe what happened as much as you can, using the passive voice. My mother felt alarmed when I had my hair coloured purple. My mother was alarmed when I had my hair coloured purple. Look at the sentences.Is this a passive sentence?Discoverin

2、g useful structuresGo over the passive voice 1. be+ V+-ed/-en/-t My homework was eaten by the dog. The toy is made by hand.使用被动语态的情况使用被动语态的情况我们不知道或没有必要说明动作的执我们不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁的时候行者是谁的时候(这时不带这时不带by引起的短语引起的短语)。Printing was introduced to Europe fromChina.(省略了省略了by短语。）短语。） Look! There is nothing here.

3、 Everything has been taken away. (省略了省略了by短语。）短语。）2)当我们出于礼貌、措辞圆通等方面的当我们出于礼貌、措辞圆通等方面的 考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁时。考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁时。You are requested to give a performance.You are cordially(诚挚地诚挚地) invited to a party to be given at the Teachers Clubat 3 p.m. Nov. 23.使用被动语态的情况使用被动语态的情况使用被动语态的情况使用被动语态的情况 3)当我们强调或兴趣在

4、动作的承受者当我们强调或兴趣在动作的承受者 时时(这时可带这时可带by引起的短语引起的短语)。The song was composed（组成（组成, 写作）写作）by a student. A good time was had by all.被动语态由被动语态由be过去分词构成，过去分词构成，be随时随时态的变化而变化。以态的变化而变化。以give为例，各种时为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：态的被动语态形式为：一般现在时：一般现在时：am/is/aregiven The first section of New College English is designed for speakin

5、g practiceand is based on pictures and topics.被动语态的构成被动语态的构成一般过去时：一般过去时：was/weregiven【例句】【例句】These computers were made in our own country.一般将来时：一般将来时：will/shall begiven【例句】【例句】Shall we be asked to attend the opening ceremony?被动语态的构成被动语态的构成Sir Denis, who is 78, has made itknown that much of his colle

6、ction _tothe nation. (CET-4 1996, 6) has left B) is to leaveC) leaves D) is to be left本句意思为：本句意思为：78岁的岁的Denis先生声明他将先生声明他将把他的大多数收藏品留给国家。所以把他的大多数收藏品留给国家。所以leave应用一般将来时的被动形式。一般应用一般将来时的被动形式。一般将来时可以用来将来时可以用来be to do sth表达，因此表达，因此答案为答案为D.过去将来时：过去将来时：would begiven【例句】【例句】The news would be sent to the soldi

7、ers mother as soon as it arrived.【例句】【例句】The machine is being repaired in the workshop. The fifth generationcomputers, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now. developed B) have developed C) are being developed D) will have been developed现在进行时：现在进行时：am/is/are beinggiven本句测试点是动词的时态和语态本句测

8、试点是动词的时态和语态develop和和perfect是两个并列的谓语动词是两个并列的谓语动词perfect 用的是被动形式，用的是被动形式，develop也应该也应该用被动形式，而且句子的时间状语为用被动形式，而且句子的时间状语为now故故develop应用现在进行时的被动语态，应用现在进行时的被动语态，答案为答案为C。过去进行时：过去进行时：was/were beinggivenThe feast was being prepared when the birds arrived in the sky现在完成时：现在完成时：has/have beengivenSwift progress

9、has also been made in culture and education.过去完成时：过去完成时：had beengivenThe huge bridge had been damaged before the World War.将来完成时：将来完成时：will/shall have beengivenThe book will have been published by the end of next month.含有情态动词的动词变成被动语态：情含有情态动词的动词变成被动语态：情态动词态动词+be +过去分词过去分词This problem can be solved.

10、这问题可解决。这问题可解决。Whats done cannot be undone. 覆水难收。覆水难收。George might be sent to American by his company in August.公司可能八月份派乔治去美国。公司可能八月份派乔治去美国。或类似结构（或类似结构（be going to, have to 等）等）变成被动语态：变成被动语态：This room is going to be painted next week. 这个房间下周粉刷。这个房间下周粉刷。Go away! I want to be left alone.走开！我想独自待一会儿。走开！

11、我想独自待一会儿。1、有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被、有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语语(指人的宾语）。指人的宾语）。一些特殊的被动语态一些特殊的被动语态They didnt offer Ann the job. Ann wasnt offered the job. 安未得到这工作。安未得到这工作。2、在使役动词、在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动以及感官动词词see, watch,

12、notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加时，要加 to.They make her clean the floor. She is made to clean the floor by them.一些特殊的被动语态一些特殊的被动语态3. Itbe过去分词过去分词that从句从句 (=主语主语be过去分词过去分词to do sth)表示：据说表示：据说/据报道据报道/据悉据悉/据信等据信等。 例：例： 据说这个男孩已经通过了这次的据说这个男

13、孩已经通过了这次的全国性的比赛。全国性的比赛。It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. The boy is said to have passed the national exam.一些特殊的被动语态一些特殊的被动语态但：但：It _that there was a car over there. A. so happened B. so happens C. is so happened D. was so happened 答案：答案： A. happen 是不及物动词，无是不及物动词，无被动语态。被动语态。4、be s

14、upposed to (suppose: vt. 推想推想, 假设假设, 猜想猜想) supposed:假定的假定的, 推测的推测的;意图的意图的1)据说（据说（=be said to) , 如：如： Lets go and see that film. Its supposed to be very good.我们一起去看那电影好吗我们一起去看那电影好吗?人们都说它人们都说它不错。不错。一些特殊的被动语态一些特殊的被动语态2 2）计划、安排）计划、安排。如：如：Id better hurry. Its nearly 8 o,clock. Im supposed to be meeting T

15、om at 8:15.我要快些了。现在差不多我要快些了。现在差不多8点钟了。我点钟了。我原计划原计划8点一刻去接汤姆。点一刻去接汤姆。3）be not supposed to 表示表示“不允不允许许”等等。如：如：You are not supposed to park here. 这儿不允许停车。这儿不允许停车。5 动词动词get代替代替 it. （ get往往用在口语往往用在口语中。）中。）酒馆里发生了打斗，幸好无人受伤。酒馆里发生了打斗，幸好无人受伤。There was a fight at the pub, but fortunately nobody got (=was)hurt.g

16、et + done 同同 be+done 的区别：的区别：get done 往往表示行为不是计划之中，往往表示行为不是计划之中，而是意外发生的。如：而是意外发生的。如：The dog got run over by a car. 狗被汽车辗死了。狗被汽车辗死了。1、某些感官动词加形容词及少数其他的动、某些感官动词加形容词及少数其他的动 词可以表示被动意义。词可以表示被动意义。cook, smell, taste, wash, write, shut, prove, sell ,read,writeThe dish tastes delicious. The theory proved righ

17、t at last.The book is so interesting that it sell well. 不可以变成被动语态：不可以变成被动语态：The book is so interesting that it sell well. “Sell”此处为不及物动词此处为不及物动词“销售起来、销售起来、有销路有销路”的意思；作及物动词为的意思；作及物动词为“卖、卖、出售出售”）This kind of cloth washes well.(耐洗耐洗) Need +V- ing 表示表示“主语承受动词主语承受动词 发出的动作发出的动作”，表示被动意义。，表示被动意义。 我的车需要修理。我的

18、车需要修理。 My car needs repairing(=need to be repaired). 3、某些表示状态或者特征的及物动词、某些表示状态或者特征的及物动词没有被动语态形式。这类动词常见的有：没有被动语态形式。这类动词常见的有：beg, equal, fail, hold, possess, fit，become, contain, cost, fit, have，lack, resemble(相似相似)，suit等。等。This new English-Chinese dictionarycost me ten dollars.如：战争爆发了。如：战争爆发了。可以说：可以说：

19、 The war broke out .但不能说：但不能说：The war was broke out.4. 通常只有及物动词（组）才有被动语通常只有及物动词（组）才有被动语态，不及物动词没有。（但见第态，不及物动词没有。（但见第1点）点） 被动结构与系表结构的区别被动结构与系表结构的区别“be过去分词过去分词”这个结构并不都是被这个结构并不都是被动语态，也可能是系表结构。被动语动语态，也可能是系表结构。被动语态与系表结构主要区别是：被动结构态与系表结构主要区别是：被动结构表示一个动作，而系表结构表示主语表示一个动作，而系表结构表示主语的特点或所处的状态，试比较下面的的特点或所处的状态，试比较

20、下面的句子：句子：被动结构被动结构The enemy was soon surrounded by us.系表结构系表结构The house is surrounded by trees.被动结构被动结构 She was bitten by the dog in the darkness. 系表结构系表结构I was excited by the news that my husbandgot promoted. The functions of the infinitive. Except predicate, the infinitive can function as subject,

21、object, predicative, attribute, adverbial and object compliment.Go over the infinitive to be + past participle 当不定式动词与其逻辑主语之间当不定式动词与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时，不定式要用被动语是被动关系时，不定式要用被动语态。其构成形式如：态。其构成形式如：to be given, to be shut, to be openedExplanation of the passive infinitiveFor example:She hates to be laughed at.

22、 (others laugh at her. She is laughed at by others)2. I am expecting to be given a pay-rise next month. (give me a pay rise I will be given a pay rise.) tips：Examples: be to + passive infinitive (to be + past participle) is often used in notices and instructions. This cover is not to be removed. The

23、 medicine is to be taken three times a day.1作主语：作主语： It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.2作宾语：作宾语： She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.一一 3构成复合宾语：构成复合宾语： He wanted the letter to be typed at once. She didnt like herself to be praised like that.4构成复合谓语：构成复合谓语： The books are not allow

24、ed to be taken out of the room.5作定语：作定语： Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers office?6作状语：作状语： She was too young to be assigned such work.二、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动二、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式，在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或式，在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等，如：者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等，如：It is a good thing for him to have been criti

25、cized.（主语）（主语）She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (宾语宾语)）He thought it an honour to have been invited to the party. （复合宾语）（复合宾语）The book is said to have been translated into many languages. （复合谓语）（复合谓语）She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. （定语）（定语） 三、不定式的主动形式表

26、示被动三、不定式的主动形式表示被动1在在there be结构中。结构中。例如：例如：There is a lot of homework to do(也可用也可用to be done) There is no time to lose (to be lost).三、不定式的主动形式表示被动三、不定式的主动形式表示被动2在在“npron + be + adj + to do”结构中。结构中。常用的形容词有常用的形容词有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，interesting，important，expensive，c

27、heap， fit， dangerous等。等。例如：例如：He is hard to convince.He is an impossible person to work with3.在在“tooto do; enoughto”结结构中。如：构中。如：The problem is too difficult to work out (to be worked out)The house is big enough to live in.4在在“with+n+to do”结构中。结构中。例如：例如：With nothing to do，he lay in bedWith so many ex

28、ercises to do，I cant go to the cinema5当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。 例如：例如： I have a letter to type today (I是是to type的逻辑主语的逻辑主语) Do you have anything to say? (you是是to say的逻辑主语的逻辑主语)6当不定式隐含在当不定式隐含在for sb to do结构中结构中 时。时。例如：例如：This is the best book to read (=for usyou to read)The important thing to

29、do is to lock the door when we leave the house7一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。 常见的这类动词有常见的这类动词有let(出租出租)，rent， hire，blame等。等。例如：例如： The house is to let I felt l was to blame.NOTICE动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动语态形式的使用普遍，有时（尤其动语态形式的使用普遍，有时（尤其在口语中）虽然意思上是被动的，也在口语中）虽然意思上是被动的，也往往用主动语态形式来表示。往往用主动语态形

30、式来表示。 I have three motors to repair today.The task is difficult to finish on time.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier _ it more difficult. (MET99) A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 不定式与高考题不定式与高考题2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new j

31、ob. (MET2000) A. Expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects3. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couples but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. (MET2001) A. to see B. seen C. seeing D. to be seen 4. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way ho

32、me. (MET2003) A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much5._late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. (2001年北京春季高考年北京春季高考) A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep 6.With a lot of difficult problems _,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.(2002年

33、上海春季高考年上海春季高考) A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled7. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role _in making the earth a better place to live. (2003上海春季高考上海春季高考) A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing8. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state run companies are trying _their products more competitive. ( 2002上海春季高考上海春季高考) A. to make B. making C. to