高考英语专题复习《阅读理解专题——猜测词义》

1、今天好今天好囧囧啊，啊， 等了半天打不到的士。等了半天打不到的士。墙角数枝墙角数枝槑槑（梅），凌寒独自开，（梅），凌寒独自开，遥赞它是雪，遥赞它是雪， 只能说你只能说你呆呆。If you come across new words when reading, What will you do ?Ignore them and continue readingLook them up in the dictionaryGuess the meaning China will see the longest solar eclipse in 500 years on July 21, a scie

2、ntist Wang said on Saturday. The total eclipse will last up to six minutes, or the longest eclipse that can be seen in China in almost years from 1814 to 2309,” he said.2010年高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求年高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求 要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文

3、章。考生应能：杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：、理解主旨要义；、理解主旨要义；、理解文中具体信息；、理解文中具体信息；、根据上下文推断生词的词义；、根据上下文推断生词的词义；、作出简单判断和理解；、作出简单判断和理解；、理解文章的基本结构；、理解文章的基本结构；、理解作者的意图和态度、理解作者的意图和态度。抓主旨抓主旨明细节明细节猜词义猜词义做推断做推断猜测词义猜测词义 读懂文章读懂文章-高三英语阅读指导（阅读篇）高三英语阅读指导（阅读篇）20052009年阅读理解试题分类情况年阅读理解试题分类情况题目设计数量题目设计数量20052006200720082009试试题题设设计计分分类

4、类事实细节题事实细节题1012101211主旨大意题主旨大意题22210词义猜测题词义猜测题10132推理判断题推理判断题66642： 1. The word “” refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by _. 2.The word “” is most likely to mean _. 3. What do you think the expression “” stands for? 4. The underlined word “” means _. .Word Formation 构词法构词法： 英语单词大多是由词

5、根、词头（前缀）英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。出由其构成的新词的含义了。super- (超超) mini- (极小的极小的, 微小的微小的)micro-（极微小的）（极微小的） re- （再

6、，反复）（再，反复） mis-（误，恶）（误，恶） im-（不）（不） un-（不，非）（不，非） in-（不，非）（不，非）non-（不，非）（不，非） -able（能（能的的 ） -less（不，无）（不，无） -wards (向向) Mary, of course you are overweight. You eat too much junk food. Even worse , you excercise infrequently.“Even when a man is said to be a best friend,” Rubin writes, “the two share

7、little about their innermost feelings.” (2003NMET) With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence. unconditional:nonjudgmental:无条件的，绝对的无条件的，绝对的没有判断力的没有判断力的 1、定义描述、定义描述Ex. A person who

8、 is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a . His uncle is a , an expert who does research on animals. The , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. We are on the - from midnight to 8 a.m. - this week. 木匠木匠 动物学家动物学家 牧人牧人 夜班夜班In some countries where there is very little

9、rain, the farmers have to , or water, their fields. All whales fall into two groups, those with teeth and those without, Dolphins belong to , that is to say, they are toothed whales.灌溉灌溉灌溉灌溉有牙齿的有牙齿的 定义或释义关系常由定语从句或定义或释义关系常由定语从句或be called，be known as, be defined as等词汇或破折号来表示等词汇或破折号来表示 ；或由或由is, that is

10、 (to say), in other words，to put it another way引出引出 一些具体的解释性的短语放在生词后一些具体的解释性的短语放在生词后做它的同位语，用逗号隔开，构成同做它的同位语，用逗号隔开，构成同位关系。位关系。小小 结结2.同义词同义词 The new tax law , or replaces, the law that was in effect last year. Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as as mother, and much

11、 shorter.推迟推迟圆胖的圆胖的反义词反义词Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains . John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very .污秽的污秽的节约的节约的Ex. In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a stat

12、e of . If you agree, write “ yes”; if you , write “no”. Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are . Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was of the theft.混乱混乱 无辜的无辜的 天生的天生的不同意不同意 由由and或或or， like ,as as, the same as等连接的两

13、个词构成同义等连接的两个词构成同义关系；关系；表转折关系的词常有如表转折关系的词常有如but, while, however, instead of , rather than , unlike, yet, otherwise, though ，on the contrary等。等。小小 结结3、因果关系、因果关系Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very . The river is so that it is impossible to see the bot

14、tom even when it is shallow.弹性的弹性的 混浊的混浊的Ex. Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting, I bought a . An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference. Hes such a businessman that he loses no money in any trade. She wanted the hairdresser to her hair a bit because it was too long.

15、复制品复制品 精明的精明的 修剪修剪 常用关联词常用关联词( (如如becausebecause，asas，sincesince，forfor，soso，thusthus，as a resultas a result， thereforetherefore等等) )表示前因后果。表示前因后果。小小 结结4、举例归纳法、举例归纳法Cars must have certain safety such as seat belt, headlights, and good brakes. On the farm they mainly raise , such as chickens, ducks a

16、nd geese, for their eggs and meat.家禽家禽装置装置The new couple bought a lot of household appliances , such as washing machine, fridge and microwave oven ect.Difined most broadly, folklore includes all the customes, belief and tradition that people have handed dowm from generation to generation.家电家电民俗民俗 常用

17、常用such as, like， for example, for instance等引出例等引出例子，可根据例子隶属的类别归纳子，可根据例子隶属的类别归纳出总称词即词义出总称词即词义 。小小 结结5、生活经验、生活经验, 生活常识生活常识, 逻辑推理逻辑推理 When a doctor performs an operation on a patient, he usually gives an to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happe

18、ning to him. When you throw a stone into still water of a lake, you will watch spread in rings on the surface of water. Metal when heated and when cooled. 麻药麻药波纹波纹膨胀膨胀冷缩冷缩Ex. One of symptoms caused by the peculiar illness is a high fever. Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile, we must keep

19、 it in a bottle which has a tight lid. In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold. 症状症状易挥发的易挥发的 颤抖颤抖 小小 结结根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将生词推测出来。己已有的常识将生词推测出来。 因此平时因此平时多了解英美国家的风俗习惯，宗教信仰，多了解英美国家的风俗习惯，宗教信仰，社会生活等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，社会生活等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词，猜测词义的能力自然就提高了。遇到生词，猜测词

20、义的能力自然就提高了。 （05 05 福建卷）福建卷） Rainforests like the Rainforests like the Amazon are important for Amazon are important for mopping upmopping up COCO in the public eyeA. 公众熟悉的公众熟悉的, ,出名的出名的Tips: in public在公众场合在公众场合 the public大众大众 eye眼睛眼睛GuessB. 在群众的眼里在群众的眼里 C. 公开的公开的 D. 令人眼热的令人眼热的in public根据生词所在的上下文猜测词义

21、根据生词所在的上下文猜测词义例题：例题：Tom cant find Tom cant find his his sneakers.sneakers. C. shoesC. shoesTom cant find his Tom cant find his white white sneakerssneakersTom cant play tennis now because Tom cant play tennis now because he he cant find his white cant find his white sneakerssneakers. .A. moneyA. mon

22、eyB. bowlsB. bowlsl l）Jane is usually Jane is usually promptprompt. . A A l a t e Bl a t e B o n t i m e o n t i m e C Cpleasedpleased Jane is usually prompt for her classesJane is usually prompt for all her classes，but she arrived in the middle of her first class.adj.敏捷的敏捷的, 迅速的迅速的, 即时的即时的adv.准时地准时

23、地2）Tom saw an owlan owl last night A a b i r d B a n a n i m a l Cthe sun Tom saw Tom saw an owlan owl in a tree last in a tree last nightnightTom sawTom saw an owl an owl last night but it last night but it flew away when he got nearflew away when he got near猫头鹰猫头鹰 The ashes of the Great Wall are f

24、alling down。 I think the Greatwall is now like an 80 years old man. In some places it is still standing, but really unless there is some good medicine, most of it wont be standing in the next fifty or one hundred years.A.If people dont take medicine, the Great Wall will fall down.B. The Great Wall i

25、s like an 80 year-old man, who needs medical care.C. We must take some measures to pretect the GreatWall, or most of the Great Wall will break dwon in 50 or 100 yearsD. The Great Wall is falling down, and it will disappear in the future.All great players have a lot in comon, but that doesntexplain w

26、hy they are great. Hundreds of boys play football in Brizilian streets, but only one became Pele. The greatest players are born with unique quality that sets apart from all the others. A.Pele is the greatest soccer playerB. The greatest players are born with some unique qualityC. Peles birthday sets

27、 him apart from all the othersD. The success of a soccer player has everything to do with The family background 小小 结结所谓所谓“词不离句，句不离章词不离句，句不离章“讲的就是对讲的就是对于词语或句子的正确理解依赖于一定的情于词语或句子的正确理解依赖于一定的情景。所以在猜测生词词义或句意时，景。所以在猜测生词词义或句意时， 一一定要认真读懂与生词密切相关的前后句子，定要认真读懂与生词密切相关的前后句子， 对词或句子进行合情合理的推测，排除肤对词或句子进行合情合理的推测，排除肤浅的表

28、义，选择蕴含在其中的深意。浅的表义，选择蕴含在其中的深意。1. There are some glaciers moving down the mountain valleys. A glacier is a river of ice. A. 雪山雪山 B. 树枝树枝 C. 冰河冰河 D. 冰冰 2. He is a resolute man. Once he made up his mind to do something, he wont give it up halfway. A. weak B. firm C. kind D. clever 小试身手3. Mr. Brown is no

29、w working at Princeton University far away from home. For this reason he has to rent a room near the office where he works. A. 租用租用 B. 借出借出 C. 购买购买 D. 参观参观 4. The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer. A. work B. study C. name D. interest5. Th

30、e old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbor all call her an eccentric lady. A. 爱猫的爱猫的 B. 古怪的古怪的 C. 闲不住闲不住 D. 动物保护主义者动物保护主义者 6. In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth. A. 便士便士 B. 温饱温饱 C. 非常贫困非常贫困 D. 虚弱虚弱 10. Children are al

31、ways boasting. They say things like “My Dads car is bigger than your Dads,” “My Mom is smarter than yours.” and “My family has more money than yours.” Tens of thousands of baby penguins face starvation after two giant icebergs broke off the Antarctic ice sheet and blocked their parents road to the f

32、eeding areas. Adeline and emperor penguins nesting on the Ross island rookeries are now forced to walk long distances over the icebergs to obtain food for their chicks, born during the November-December breeding season.What does the underlined word “obtain” probably mean?A. eat B. get C. sell D. buy

33、B A mans position among the black-tent people depends on his ancestors, relatives, and fellow tribesmen. If they are honored, he is also honored. If they are disgraced, he too is disgraced. Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family, his lineage(宗系宗系), and his tribe.The word “disgrace” m

34、eans _ in this text.A. honor B. endanger C. proud D. shame DThe ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he was banished. A few members of the Senate(参议院参议院) opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country for ever. BMy first job was to dr

35、ive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields. I would walk behind an ox, guiding him with a broomstick. For $ 1 a day, I worked eight hours straight, with no food breaks. It was very tedious work, but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons. Because the plantation owners were always

36、 watching us, I had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could.BAlthough he often had the chance, Mr. Brown was never able to steal money from a customer. This would endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future.BAfter a four-year relationship with a major fortune 100 company beginning as a sales