高考英语阅读科技环保类专练及详解

1、高考英语阅读科技环保类专练及详解科技环保类文章在高考英语试题中出现的频率最高，几乎每年都有一片，。此类文章一般为说明文，但也常常夹杂着叙述和议论，并经常出现一些较新的科技名词或术语。考生若经常阅读英语报刊，具备丰富的课外知识，并积累一定的时新词汇，对解读此类文章会大有帮助。                           &

2、#160;         A难度： 难   字数：258 words  标准用时：6 minutes   实际用时：_                             &

3、#160;                     ( NMET山东 E篇)A device that stops drives from falling asleep at the wheel is about to undergo testing at Department of Transport laboratories and could go on sale within 12 mon

4、ths.    The system, called Driver Alert, aims to reduce deadly road accidents by 20%40% that are caused by tiredness. Airline pilots can also use it to reduce the 30% of all pilot-error accidents that are related to fatigue.    Driver Alert is based on a computerized wr

5、istband. The device, worn by drives or pilots, gives out a sound about every four minutes during a car journey. After each sound the driver must respond by squeezing the steering wheel(方向盘). A sensor in the wristband detects this pressing action and measures the time between the sound and the driver

6、's response.    Tiredness is directly related to a driver's response time. Usually, a watchful driver would take about 400 milliseconds to respond, but once that falls to more than 500 milliseconds, it suggests that the driver is getting sleepy.    In such cases

7、 the device gives out more regular and louder sounds, showing that the driver should open a window or stop for a rest. If the driver's response continues to slow down, the sounds become more frequent until a nonstop alarm warns that the driver must stop as soon as possible.    The

8、 device has been delivered to the department's laboratories for testing. If these tests, scheduled for six months' time, are successful, the makers will bring the product to market within about a year.1. According to the text, Driver Alert _.   A. aims to reduce tiredness-related a

9、ccidents   B. aims to prevent drivers from sleeping   C. has gone through testing at laboratories     D. has been on sale for 12 months2. How should a driver respond to the sounds from Driver Alert? A. By sounding a warning.     &

10、#160;           B. By checking the driving time.   C. By touching the wrist hand.              D. By pressing the steering wheel.3. We can learn from the text that the driver

11、needs to stop for a break when his response time is _.  A. about 400 milliseconds                  B. over 500 milliseconds  C. below 500 milliseconds         &

12、#160;        D. about 4 minutes4. When the driver gets sleepy while driving, Driver Alert _.  A. moves more regularly                   B. opens the window for the driver

13、C. stops working properly                  D. sounds more frequently and loudly                  难度： 易   字数：266 wor

14、ds  标准用时：4 minutes   实际用时：_Alzheimer's disease is a major national health problem. Nearly 2 million Americans over the age of 65 have Alzheimer's disease. It is a leading cause of death among the elderly. But Alzheimer's disease is not confined(限于) to the aged. There may b

15、e a million or more people under the age of 65 suffering from the disease.At one time, people suffering from the disease were said to be "getting old". The disease was thought to be a natural part of growing old, but it is now known that Alzheimer's disease strikes young and old alike.

16、 It is an organic(器官的) disease that destroys brain cells.Alzheimer's disease affects the patient's memory, speech, and movement. In the beginning stages of the disease, the patient may seem slightly confused. He may have trouble speaking. Then the suffering from the disease.At one time, peop

17、le suffering from the disease were said to be "getting old". The disease was thought to be a natural part of growing old, but it is now known that Alzheimer's disease strikes young and old alike. It is an organic(器官的) disease that destroys brain cells.Alzheimer's disease affects th

18、e patient's memory, speech, and movement. In the beginning stages of the disease, the patient may seem slightly confused. He may have trouble speaking. Then the patient's memory begins to fail. He may forget dates, telephone numbers, names and plans.As the disease progresses, the patient may

19、 not recognize family and friends. These symptoms(症状) often cause terrible anxiety in the patient. He may feel lost and frightened. Sometimes the patient reacts with wild and bad behavior.In the last stages of the disease, the patient may not be able to take care of himself. He may have lost the abi

20、lity to speak and walk.Scientists don't know exactly what causes Alzheimer's disease. It may be caused by a virus(病毒). It may be caused by a poisonous substance(物质) in the environment. At present, there is no cure for the disease. But there are ways to slow its progress. Exercise and physica

21、l treatment can help the patients of this disease.5. The main idea of the passage is that Alzheimer's disease _.   A. is a terrible part of the aging process       B. is an organic disease that affects young and old C. can be cured by physical treatme

22、nt        D. causes forgetfulness6. All of the following are symptoms of Alzheimer's disease EXCEPT _. A. forgetfulness    B. difficulty in speaking  C. loss of sight    D. loss of the ability to walk7. According to the p

23、assage, which of the following may be a cause of Alzheimer's disease?   A. Poisons produced by the brain.    B. Getting old.    C. A virus.    D. Lack of exercise.8. The progress of Alzheimer's disease can be slowed by _.   A.

24、operation    B. a change in environment  C. medicines  D. physical treatment and exercise                               

25、      C难度： 中   字数：303 words  标准用时：5 minutes   实际用时：_When I opened my e-mail the other day, a pretty woman named Rachel appeared on my computer screen. She greeted me by name and started talking with great enthusiasm. Every now and then she stopped to

26、 smile at me or blow a kiss. She was reading to me an e-mail from my brother, and a lot of it was about his getting the phone company to give him a high-speed Internet connection. It was pretty cool.Rachel was there thanks to a new technology called Facemail. Facemail lets you send e-mail that gets

27、ready to the receiver by an attractive male or female form or by a clown(小丑). The software, which is free, can be downloaded at www. F.Facemail faces are lifelike, and they simulate(模拟) emotions based on emotions that you put in your text. For example, type in-X, and Rachel blows a kiss.LifeFX, the

28、company that develops the Facemail, is sure there are broad business uses. The reason e-business is not popular, the company says, is that buying over the Internet lacks the human touch. But what if you went to the Nike website and Michael Jordan greeted you by name, waited on you and personally clo

29、sed the sale? And it is talking with Whirl(惠而浦公司) about using the technology in a computer screen on a fridge. Then if Morn can't be home when the kids get back from school, she can leave a note with voice and image telling them what there is to eat.Facemail could get hot fast. Personally, I'

30、;m a fan. But Facemail should be used with care. The clown looks lively and funny at first. But if you select the clown, put a few rude words in an e-mail and add some angry emotions, you've got a Psycho-mail(疯人型电子邮件).9. The pretty woman that appears on the writer's computer screen was _.

31、60;  A. a woman working on the Internet      B. his brother's girlfriend C not a real person                    D. the picture of his pen-friend10. The main advantage

32、 of Facemail is that _.   A. you can hire a beautiful woman to read the e-mail to you   B. you can see the person who sends you the e-mail   C. yon can send an e-mail free of charge   D. e-mail can be attractive in a more lovely way11. The writer mentioned Nik

33、e website and Michael Jordan to show that _.   A. Famous people like Michael Jordan also like to use Facemail   B. Facemail can make shopping on the Internet more interesting   C. Nike website will increase its sales by Jordan   D. Michael Jordan will serve yo

34、u himself on Nike website12. What is the writer's attitude towards Facemail?   A. He thinks it needs further improvement.   B. He thinks it cool and funny.   C. He thinks it a danger to the Internet.      D. He thinks people should be carefu

35、l with Facemail.                                     D难度： 中   字数：302 words  标准用时：5 minutes   实际

36、用时：_Sheep, like turkeys and ostriches, are not considered the cleverest animals. British scientists said last Wednesday human may have underestimated(低估) the woolly creatures. They could be much smarter than we think.Researchers at the Babraham Institute in Cambridge, southern. England, have shown t

37、hat animals have a good memory system and are extremely good at recognizing faces-which they think is a sure sign of intelligence.Behavioral scientist Keith Kendrick and his friends trained 20 sheep to recognize and distinguish(区别) 25 pairs of sheep faces and used electrodes(电极) to measure their bra

38、in activity, which showed they could remember 50 faces for up to two years."If they can do that with faces, the fact is that they have to have reasonable intelligence, otherwise, what is the point of having a system for remembering anything else," Kendrick said in an interview.So hours of

39、seemingly mindless eating grass may not be so mindless after all.Kendrick believes sheep got their reputation as dumb animals because they live in large groups and do not appear to have much individuality and are frightened of just about everything."All animals, including humans, once they are

40、frightened don't tend to show signs of intelligent action," he explained.In research reported in the science journal Nature, Kendrick and his team showed that sheep, like humans, have a specialized system in the brain, which allows them to distinguish between many different faces that look

41、extremely similar."The most important findings of the study is that they are able, both from a behavioral point of view and from looking at the way the brain is organized, to remember a large number of faces of individuals for a very long time," said Kendrick. "It is a very strange sy

42、stem. They are showing similar abilities in many ways to humans. "13. From the first paragraph we can find that _.   A. people used to think sheep are smarter than the other animals   B. people used to raise sheep in a wrong way   C. people don't consider sheep

43、 as clever animals   D. people have done a lot of research on sheep14. From what Kendrick said in the interview we learn that _.   A. scientists have learned a lot about sheep's intelligence   B. scientists have learned little about sheep's intelligence 

44、60; C. scientists can't do anything more about sheep's memory   D. scientists don't have to research animals' memory15. As is shown in the passage _.   A. sheep are among the weak animals   B. it is not right for people to raise sheep in groups 

45、0; C. when sheep eat grass in the fields their minds may be active   D. if people feel frightened, they may become more brave16. When scientists found that sheep show similar abilities in many ways to humans they may think it _.   A. worrying      &#

46、160;   B. moving           C. frightening           D. interesting                    

47、0;             E难度： 中   字数：286 words  标准用时：5 minutes   实际用时：_Disposing(处理) of waste has been a problem since humans started producing it. As more and more people choose to live close together in cities, the waste-di

48、sposal problem becomes increasingly difficult.During the eighteenth century, it was usual for several neighboring towns to get together to select a faraway spot as a dumpsite. Residents or trash haulers(垃圾托运者) would transport household rubbish, rotted wood, and old possessions to the site. Periodica

49、lly(定期的) some of the trash was burned and the rest was buried. The unpleasant sights and smells caused no problem because nobody lived close by.Factories, mills, and other industrial sites also had waste to be disposed of. Those located on rivers often just dumped the unwanted remains into the water

50、. Others built huge burners with chimneys to deal with the problem.Several facts make these choices unacceptable to modern society. The first problem is space. Dumps, which are now called landfills, are most needed in heavily populated areas. Such areas rarely have empty land suitable for this purpo

51、se. Property is either too expensive or too close to residential(住宅区的)neighborhoods. Long-distance trash hauling has been a common practice, but once farm areas are refusing to accept rubbish from elsewhere, cheap land within trucking distance of major city areas is almost nonexistent.Awareness of p

52、ollution dangers has resulted in more strict rules of waste disposal. Pollution of rivers, ground water, land and air is a price people can no longer pay to get rid of waste. The amount of waste, however, continues to grow.Recycling efforts have become commonplace, and many towns require their peopl

53、e to take part. Even the most efficient recycling programs, however, can hope to deal with only about 50 percent of a city's reusable waste.17. The most suitable title for this passage would be _.   A. Places for Disposing Waste         

54、0;  B. Waste Pollution Dangers   C. Ways of Getting Rid of Waste          D. Waste Disposal Problem18. During the 18th century, people disposed their waste in many ways EXCEPT for _.   A. burying it     &#

55、160;                    B. recycling it   C. burning it                       &#

56、160;  D. throwing it into rivers19. What can be inferred from the fourth paragraph?   A. Farm areas accept waste from the city in modern society.   B. There is cheap land to bury waste in modem society.   C. It is difficult to find space to bury waste in modem soci

57、ety.   D. Ways to deal with waste in modem society stay the same.20. The main purpose of writing this article is to _.   A. draw people's attention to waste management   B. warn people of the pollution dangers we are facing  C. call on people to take part in re

58、cycling programs   D. tell people a better way to get rid of the wasteUnit 1科技环保类  A1. A细节理解题。根据第二段第一句内容可得出结论。2. D细节理解题。答案在第三段第三句：“After each sound the driver must respond by squeezing the steering wheel”。3. C细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句内容可推出答案。4. D细节理解题。从文章倒数第二段的内容可得出正确答案。    

59、                      B 5. B这是一道主旨大意归纳题。本文主要讲的是老年痴呆症的一般知识，A，C两项本身表述有误，D项是细枝末节。6. C这是一道细节理解题。从文章的介绍看，老年痴呆症能导致人们健忘，言语困难，生活不能自理等，但没有提到失明，故C项不对。7. C这是一道细节理解题。从文章最后一段Scientists dont know exactly what

60、causes    Alzheimer's diseaseIt may be caused by a virusIt may be caused by a poisonous substance in the environment两句看，这种病症可能是由病毒或环境中的有害物质引起的。A项意为由大脑本身产生的毒素引起，不符合文意。8. D这是一道推理判断题。从文章最后一段结尾一句Exercise and physical treatment can help the patients of this disease可知答案。  

61、0;                           C9. C这是一道细节理解题。根据文章第二段的介绍，Rachel是一种叫做Facemail的科技新产品，能以一种颇为迷人的男性、女性或丑角的形象向电子邮件的接收者发送邮件。10. D这是一道细节理解题。从第一段的描述、第二段的介绍和第四段所举的例子可以看出，用这种Facemail发

62、送的电子邮件能够将其内容拟人化，并带有发送者所赋予的表情，这样就使得阅读邮件的过程变得很有趣(funny)、令人感觉很舒适(cool)。11. B这是一道推理判断题。要求考生根据对文章的理解推断作者的意图。作者在此只是提出一种假设：假如你进入耐克公司的网站，看到迈克尔?乔丹喊着你的名字与你打招呼、接待你并亲自与你进行交易的话会怎样?当然会令购物更有趣了。其他三个选项都是陈述事实而非假设。12. B这也是一道推理判断题。要求考生根据对文章的理解体会作者的言外之意。从全文看，作者对Facemail是持肯定和赞赏态度的，从第一段最后一句和上一题的选项都可得到提示。                              D13. C这是一道细节理解题。从文章第一段的三句话可以明显看出。14. B这是一道细节理解题。Kendrick在采访中的几句话都带有推测和不肯定的语气，这表明目前人们对