人教版初中英语语法定语从句

1、(定语从句定语从句)一个一个美丽的美丽的女孩女孩 a beautiful girlbeautiful（形容词作前置定语）（形容词作前置定语）一个一个穿白色衣服的穿白色衣服的女孩女孩a girl in whitein white（介词短语作后置定语）（介词短语作后置定语）一个一个正唱歌的正唱歌的女孩女孩 a girl is singing who is singing（定语从句，（定语从句，a girl为先行词）为先行词）定语定语是句子成分之一，可以由单词、短是句子成分之一，可以由单词、短语或从句担当，语或从句担当，对名（代）词修饰和限制对名（代）词修饰和限制。名（代）。名（代）词称为词称为中心

2、词中心词。形容词作定语一般前置，短语和从句作形容词作定语一般前置，短语和从句作定语要后置，翻译成定语要后置，翻译成“的的”。另外名词、数词、。另外名词、数词、非谓语动词（短语）、介词短语也可以担当定语。非谓语动词（短语）、介词短语也可以担当定语。Li Ming is a boy.Li Ming is a good boy .Li Ming is a good boy .形容词作定语形容词作定语介词短语作定语介词短语作定语在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做叫做定语从句定语从句。goodwith glasseswho is wearing glasses句

3、子作定语句子作定语 先行词先行词引导词引导词(关系词）关系词） 从句从句Mary is a girl who has long hair.（被修饰的名词或代（被修饰的名词或代词）词）（跟在先行词后，引（跟在先行词后，引导从句的词）导从句的词）修饰先行词的句子修饰先行词的句子定语从句分析定语从句分析 结构：先行词结构：先行词+引导词引导词+从句从句This is the card that Ive just received先行词先行词引导词引导词 从句从句关系关系代词代词 关系关系副词副词who,that ,which ,whom, whose Where, when,why 定语从句定语从句

4、：由一个句子充当定语由一个句子充当定语从句的位置：从句的位置：在名词或代词后在名词或代词后先先 行行 词词： 被定语从句修饰的词被定语从句修饰的词引引 导导 词词：引导定语从句的词引导定语从句的词 关系代词关系代词 关系副词关系副词 引导词的作用引导词的作用: (1)引导定语从句引导定语从句 (2)在从句中作一成份在从句中作一成份 (3)代替先行词在从句中的位置代替先行词在从句中的位置做题一般步骤做题一般步骤1. 1. 确定先行词：空格之前的确定先行词：空格之前的单词或词组单词或词组2. 2. 将先行词带入定语从句，将先行词带入定语从句，还原从句为完整句子还原从句为完整句子3. 3. 根据先行

5、词在还原句中的根据先行词在还原句中的成分确定引导词成分确定引导词In which = where 先行词先行词househouse，带入句子，带入句子This is the house_ I live.关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词 先行词先行词 句中作用句中作用省否省否who人人主语主语/宾语宾语 关系代关系代词在句中词在句中作宾语可作宾语可以省略以省略whom人人宾语宾语which物物主语宾语主语宾语 that人物人物主语宾语主语宾语whose人物人物定语定语When时间时间状语状语where地点地点状语状语whyreason状语状语 关系代词who, whom的用法whowho和和wh

6、omwhom均只用于指人，不用于指事或物，其中均只用于指人，不用于指事或物，其中whowho在在定语从句中用作主语，定语从句中用作主语，whomwhom在定语从句中用作宾语。在定语从句中用作宾语。如：I met a girl who knew your sister. 我碰到一个认识你姐姐的姑娘。In Berlin, he first met the woman whom he would one day marry. 在柏林，他第一次遇见那个女人，后来他终于跟她结了婚。但是，用作宾语的但是，用作宾语的whomwhom如果不是紧跟在介词之后，通常如果不是紧跟在介词之后，通常会被省略或用会被省略

7、或用who, thatwho, that代之。如：代之。如：The person to whom I complained is the manager. 我向他投诉的那个人是经理。The person (who, whom, that) I complained to is the manager. 我向他投诉的那个人是经理。关系代词的作用关系代词的作用 关系代词whose的用法关系代词whose既可用于指人，也可用于指事或物，它在定语从句中主要用作定语。如：She is the woman whose car was stolen. 她就是汽车被盗的This is the house wh

8、ose windows were broken. 这就是窗户被打破了的房子。Mrs. Gray, whose children are in college, is trying to get a job. 格雷太太的孩子们都在上大学，她想找一份工作。His house, whose windows were all broken, was a depressing sight. 他的房子窗户无一完好，一派令人心酸的景象。关系代词关系代词WHICHWHICH的用法的用法which：只用于指事或物，不用于指人，它在定语从句中主要用作主语或宾语。如：（1）She was not on the tr

9、ain which arrived just now. 她不在刚才到达的那列火车上。（2）He never got back the money which he had lent him.他从未收回他曾借给他的那笔钱。which在引导定语从句，作宾语是可以省略： Is this the book（ which ）you are looking for？ (look for寻找) 这是你要找的书吗？关系代词THAT用法一、指人的用法that用于指人，在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。如：A driver that has knocked someone down must stop. 撞人的

10、司机必须停车。撞人的司机必须停车。He is the man that you have been looking for. 他就是你要找的那个人。他就是你要找的那个人。He is not that man that he was. 他已不是过去的他了。二、指物的用法that用于指物，在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。如：This is the plane that will fly to Tokyo in the afternoon. 这是下午要飞往东京的那架飞机。这是下午要飞往东京的那架飞机。She was annoyed by something that I had said. 她为

11、我说的某句话而不高兴。她为我说的某句话而不高兴。Shengzhen is not the city that it used to be. 深圳现在已不是原来的那个城市了。深圳现在已不是原来的那个城市了。the handsomethe tallthe strong the cleverthe naughtyboyThe boy is Tom.The boy who is handsome is Tom.The boy who is tall is Tom.The boy who is strong is TomThe boy who is clever is TomThe boy who is

12、 naughty is Tom. The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling. The boy is Tom. The boy has a round face. The boy who is smiling is Tom. (主语主语)The boy who has a round face is Tom. The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me.The man who sits in front of me is Tom. The woman got the job. The woman can speak Russian.T

13、he woman who can speak Russian got the job. The teacher will give us a talk. The teacher is famous.The teacher who is famous will give us a talk. The man is kind. Everyone likes him. The man (whom) everyone likes is kind. (宾语宾语) The woman got the job. We saw her on the street.The woman (whom) we saw

14、 on the street got the job. The teacher will give us a talk. We met the teacher yesterday. The teacher (whom) we met yesterday will give us a talk. Ex:He is the teacher. The teacher can speak French. He is the teacher who can speak French. Do you know the man? He came to visit you today. Do you know

15、 the man who came to visit you today? The lady stepped on his foot. He was dancing with the lady.The lady (whom) he was dancing with stepped on his foot. Do you know the man? You will visit him today.Do you know the man whom you will visit today?applethe redthe greenthe smallthe bigThe apple which i

16、s red is mine.The apple which is green is yours.The apple which is red is smallThe apple which is green is big. MRS. CLARK IS ANGRY WITH THE GOAT . THE GOAT IS EATING HER FLOWERS.Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat which is eating her flowers. Can you lend me the book? You talked about it last night.C

17、an you lend me the book (which) you talked about last night. A plane is a machine. It can fly.A plane is a machine that can fly.He is the man. I told you about him.He is the man (that) I told you about.关系词关系词注意注意:从句中的谓从句中的谓语动词要和语动词要和先行词保持先行词保持一致一致that指人或物指人或物which指物指物who指人指人1、当先行词是anything, everythi

18、ng, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much，each等修饰时 (1) Have you taken down everything (that) Mr. Li has said? (2) There seems to be nothing (that) seems impossible for him in the world. (3) All that can be done has been done. (4) Th

19、ere is little (that) I can do for you. 注意注意1 1：部分时候：部分时候thatthat可以省略，如部分例句将可以省略，如部分例句将thatthat用括号括用括号括住住。 注意注意2 2：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用whowho (4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing. that和和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下但在下列情况下, 一般用一般用that而不用而不用which。2、当先行词被

20、序数词修饰 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3、当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best film that I have seen. 4、当形容词被the very, the only，the same,the last ,any,little等修饰时 (1) This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy, (2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thi

21、ng that he owned. 当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who (3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting？ 5、当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时 (1) Who is the man that is standing there? (2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 6、当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时 Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we ha

22、ve learned? 7.当关系代词在定语从句中做表语 The village is no longer the one that it used to be 10 years ago. 8.当在there be句型中，通常情况下用that，不用which who,that （先行词为人）区别（先行词为人）区别1.用用who不用不用that的情况：的情况：(1)当先行词为当先行词为one,ones,anyone,those时。时。(2)当先行词为人称代词时。当先行词为人称代词时。He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.Th

23、ose who have any difficulty with pronunciation should practise2.只能用只能用which which 的情况的情况: : 1.介词前置时关系代词只能用介词前置时关系代词只能用which(先行词为物先行词为物)2. 引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用which(1) She failed the exam, which made her parents vary angry. (2)My glasses,without which I was like a blind man,

24、fell to the ground and broke.Read the text again and find the Attributive Clauses:1.My necklace is not the only thing thats missing. 2. This is the cage that Polly lives in.3. We are looking for a thief who likes stealing parrots and necklace.6. Ill shoot anyone who moves!4. When was the last time (

25、that ) you saw the parrot?5. It was about some thieves who robbed a train 7. Ill shoot anyone who moves, anyone who moves!8. Is that the parrot which you are looking for?9. And is this the necklace that was stolen?10. Polly was the thief who stole Mums necklace!1.This is all_I know about the matter.

26、 A.that B.what C.who D.whether2Is there anything else_you require? A.which B.that C.who D.what3.The last place _we visited was the Great Wall. A.which B.that C.where D.it4.He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school. A.which B.that C.it D.whom5.There is no diction

27、ary_you can find everything. A.that B.which C.where D.in that6.This is one of the best books_. A.that have ever been writtenC.that has written B.that has ever been written D.that have writtenABBBCA7.He wrote a letter to me,telling me everything_ _ _ he saw on the way to the Paris. A.what B.that C.wh

28、ich D.where8.Is oxygen the only gas_helps fire burn? A.that B./ C.which D.it9.Is there anything_to you? A.that is belonged B.that belongs C.which belongs D.that belong10.The scientist and his achievements_you told me about are admired by us all. A.which B.that C.who D.whose11.Which of the books_were

29、 borrowed from him is the best? A.which B.what C.that D.whoseBABBC12.The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle _ were in the fields.13.The wind blew down the tallest tree _ is in front of our school gate.14.This is the very thing _ I was looking for.15.This is the second novel _I have ever r

30、ead.16.There is nothing in the world _ can frighten me.17.Who is the man _ is reading under the tree?18.My hometown is not the same one _ it used to be twenty years ago.thatthatthatthatthatthatthatwhosewhose 在定语从句中作定语在定语从句中作定语, ,表示引导词表示引导词与与 whosewhose 后的名词为所属关系。后的名词为所属关系。 whosewhose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与多指

31、人，也可指物，指物时可与 of of whichwhich互换使用。互换使用。 This is the book This is the book whosewhose cover is blue. cover is blue.This is the book This is the book of whichof which the cover the cover is blueis blue This is the book This is the book the cover of whichthe cover of which is is blueblueDo you know the

32、 girl?Her hair is very short in our classDo you know the girl whose hair is the hair of whomvery short in our class?He is the student.I broke his pencil yesterdayHe is the student whose pencil the pencil of whomI broke yesterday. Mr King was quickly taken to hospital. Her legs were badly hurt.Mr Kin

33、g, Mr King, whosewhose legs were badly hurt, legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital.was quickly taken to hospital.We shall make a decision about Ms King. I have told you her story.We shall make a decision about Ms We shall make a decision about Ms King, King, whosewhose story I have tol

34、d you. story I have told you.The chair is being repaired now.The legs of the chair are broken.The chair,whose legs are broken the legs of which are broken, of which the legs are broken is being repaired now. The boss of the company told the story about . His name was Mr Little.The boss of the compan

35、y, whose name was Mr Little, told the story about Ms KingThis teacher is liked by all the students.I work with her son. This teacher,with whose son I work, is liked by all the studentsThe boss had heard about the accident.Mr King worked in his department.The boss in whose department Mr King worked h

36、ad heard about the accident.1 The river _are covered with trees is very long. A which banks B of which banks C whose the banks D the banks of which2 she likes to use words _is clear to him.A of which the meaning B of which meaningC whose of meaning D meaning of which3 The manager_company they worked

37、 agreed _their decision.A which, with B in which, to C whose, with D in whose, with4 Look! The dictionary ,_is red, is a birthday gift given by my parents. A which cover B the cover of which C the whose cover D that the cover5 Mr. Brown,_, works as the manager of the company.A we got here in his car

38、 B we got here by carC in whose car we got here D by whose car we got hereDADBC6 Will you please show me the girl _name is Linda? A who B whom C whose D which7 It was a meeting ,_importance I did not realize at the time. A which B of which C its D whose8 Do you know who is living in that house _wind

39、ows face south? A whose B which C which of D its9 what about the watch price is 100 yuan？ A that B its C which D whose 10 We telephoned the man home we lived in 1996. A whose B in whose C of which D his 11 Mark Twins , for _life had once been very hard, wrote many famous novels. A whose B who C whom

40、 D his 12 There is a mountain _is always covered with snow. A whose the top B of which top C its top D of which the top CDADBCDAs As 也可以用来引导定语从句也可以用来引导定语从句.当先行词与当先行词与as,so,such,the same 连用或先行词本身是连用或先行词本身是such,the same时时,关系代词用关系代词用as. As在从句中作主语、在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。宾语或表语。1.He is not such a man as only think

41、s of himself. 2.I should like to use the same pen as I used yesterday.3.Such problems as are often mentioned should be solved.4.I will read as many books as are required.5. Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.关系副词关系副词关系副词：在句中作状语关系副词：在句中作状语 关系副词关系副词= =介词介词+ +关系代词关系代词 why=for which why=for which

42、 where=in/ at/ on/ . where=in/ at/ on/ . which (which (介词同先行词搭配介词同先行词搭配) ) when=during/ when=during/ on/ in/ . which (on/ in/ . which (介词同先行词搭配介词同先行词搭配) ) whenwhen指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用 (1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. (2) The time when we got toget

43、her finally came.wherewhere指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语 (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born. (2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.whywhy指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语 (1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. (2) I dont know the reason why he looks unh

44、appy today. 注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词介词+ +关系代词关系代词”引引导的从句替换导的从句替换 (1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear, (2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.介词介词+ +关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句指代对象指代对象 先行词先行词 关系副词及相应结

45、构关系副词及相应结构时间时间dayyeardatetimewhenduring which time地点地点the placethe city地点地点wherein whichfrom which原因原因the reasonwhythatfor whichwhen在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介介词词+关系代词（关系代词（which）”。Ill never forget the day when I joined the leagueon whichwhere在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介介词词+关系代词（关系代词（which）

46、”。This is the house This is the house wherewhere I lived two years ago. I lived two years ago.in whichwhy在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词介词for+ 关系代词（关系代词（which）”。Do you know the reason why she was late.It rained heavily, for which he was late for the class.1. This is the town _ I was born. This is

47、the town _ I visited last week.2. I will never forget the day _ I came to school. I will never forget the day _ I spent with you.3. This is the reason _ he was late. This is the reason _ he told me. The reason _he explained is not true. where whichwhenwhichwhywhichwhich“介词关系代词介词关系代词(whom/which)”引导定语

48、引导定语从句应注意：从句应注意： 1介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素A.与先行词的搭配关系与先行词的搭配关系1）I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.2) I will never forget the days _ I worked in the school.3) I will never forget the year _ my sonwent to college.4) I got home at 7:00 p.m. yesterday, _ most people had had suppe

49、r.on whichduring whichin whichby whichB. 与谓语动词的搭配习惯1）Have you found the book _ I paid 29 US dollars?2) Have you found the book _ I spent 29 US dollars?3) Have you found the book _ we learnt a lot?4) Have you found the book _ she often talks?for whichon whichfrom whichabout which The boy is in the la

50、b. You want to talk to himThe boy (whom/that) you want to talk to is in the lab.The boy to whom you want to talk is in the lab. This is the boy. I sit behind him.This is the boy (whom/that) I sit behind.This is the boy behind whom I sit.Do you find the pen? I wrote with it just nowDo you find the pe

51、n (which/that) I wrote with just now? Do you find the pen with which I wrote just now?关系代词作介词宾语的几种结构关系代词作介词宾语的几种结构：1.介词介词 + whomwhichThe woman general still remember the day on which she joined the army2.介词介词 短语短语 + whichwhomThe fisherman lived in a small house in front of which lies a well. 3. 不定代词

52、不定代词 或数词或数词 +whichwhomThere are many books here , none of which belongs to me.China has a lot of famous writers, one of whom is Luxun.4.名词名词+ of whichShe mentioned a magazine,the title of which I have forgotten.part of whom/whichThere are 23 students in our class, A:_(他们都）他们都） love mothers deeply. B

53、:_ （大多数）（大多数） are from countryside. C:_ （有些）（有些）are from Xiabancheng D:_（没有一个）（没有一个）are from Beijing all of whommost of whomsome of whomnone of whomThere are 23 students in our class. (,and) A:_ (他们都）他们都） love mothers deeply. B:_ （大多数）（大多数） are from countryside. C:_ （有些）（有些） are from Xiabancheng D:_

54、 （没有一个）（没有一个） are from Beijingall of themmost of themsome of themnone of themEvery student has many books, A:_（大多数）（大多数）are textbooks.B:_ （一些）（一些） are extra curricular books.C:_ （其余的）（其余的）are reference books.D:_（没有一本）（没有一本）are novels.E:_（有几本）（有几本）are English books.most of whichsome of whichthe rest

55、of whichnone of whichseveral of which1.Do you know who lives in the： building_there is a well? A.in front of it B. in front of whoseC.in front of which D.in front which2.Ill never forget the day_I joined theLeague. A.on which B.in which C.which D.at which3.The woman_my brother spoke just now is my t

56、eacher. A. who B.to whom C.to who D whom4.Jeanne was her old friend,_she borrowed a necklace. A.from who B.from whom C.to that D.to whom5.His glasses,_he was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke its leg. A.which B.with which C.without which D.thatCABBC做做试试做做试试6.she is a teacher of much know

57、ledge,_much can be learned. A.who B.that C. from which D.from whom 7.He built a telescope_he could study the skies. A.in which B.with that C.through which D.by it8.Do you know the reason_he was late? A.that B.which C.for what D.for which9.I have bought two ballpens,_writes well. A.none of which B.ne

58、ither of which C.none of them D.neither of them10.The Second World War_millions of people were killed in 1945. A.during which B.in that C.where D.on whichDCDBA11.China has many rivers,_the Changjiang River is the longest. A.which B. in which C.among which D. one of which12.This is the very knife_I u

59、sed to cut apples yesterday. A.that B.by which C.which D.with which13.The speed_which you drive your car mustnt too high.14.In the park there are many flowers,the colour_ which is bright and nice.15.The little girl is reading a book,_which there are many pictures.16.What were the things_which he was

60、 not too sureCDatofinof17.They held a meeting,_which the hospital director made a speech.18.The book,_which he paid 6 yuan,is worth reading.19.Is this the man_whose house the police found the lost coloured TV?20.The villagers dug along tunnel_which they could go to the fields without being found by