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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上 被动语态复习 翻译1. 孩子们是不被允许在河里游泳的。_2. 这台电脑有点问题,需要检修一下。_3. 对不起,这张桌子已经有人预定了。_4. 你知道那把伞被谁拿走了么?_5. 这个城市的地铁是前年造的。_语法复习被动语态复习(一) 语态分类:英语动词分主动语态和被动语态。 语态是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的 ,被动语态表示主语是动作的 。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般说来,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。被动
2、语态结构: 例句: (自己造个句子)(二) 被动语态的用法 :【解析1】 当动作的执行者不是人时,多用被动语态。例:The window was blown by wind.窗户被风吹开了。The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。【解析2】 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例:这座桥是去年建造的。_. 【解析3】 突出或强调动作的承受者。如果需要说出动作的执行者,用“by + 人”的短语。 例:The
3、window was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。 (三) 被动语态的时态变化:通过助动词be的各种时态变化来体现,done不变。注意主语的单、复数变化。 以do为例,掌握下列时态的被动结构,形式变化如下: 【解析1】 一般现在时的被动: 例:( )1. English _ in Canada.A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking &
4、#160; D. is spoken【正确答案】_【考点/易错点】_【解析2】 一般过去时的被动: 例: ( )1. The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949. A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found【正确答案】_【考点/易错点】_【解析3】 一般将来时的被动: 例:(
5、)1. My new bike Tom tomorrowA.will lendB. will lentC. will be lentD. will be lent to【正确答案】_【考点/易错点】_【解析4】 现在完成时的被动: 例:( )1. -Can you sing this English song ? -Of course , I can.It many times on the radio.A. taught B. has taught C. is taught D. has been taught【正确答案】_【考点/易错点】_【解析5】 情态动词的被动: 例:(
6、 )1. The sick girl to the hospital at once.A. must send B. be must sent C. must be sentD. be sent 【拓展】 以下时态的被动语态作一般了解: 现在进行时:am / is / are + being + done 过去进行时:was / were + being + done 过去完成时
7、:had + been + done 过去将来时:should / would + be done (四) 主动语态变被动语态的方法 : 例句:1. My aunt invited me to her dinner party.
8、 执行者 动词 承受者 变为 I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party. 承受者 谓语 by+执行者 1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。 2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分词,时态要与原句保持一致。 3.把主动
9、语态的主语变为介词by 的宾语,放在被动语态里谓语动词之后,by 短语可以省略。(五) 语态转换时所注意的问题 :【解析1】 把主动语态变为被动语态时,先找原主动句中的动宾短语,其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致,其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。 练习: We have bought a new computer. = A new computer _ _ bought. 【解析2】
10、 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时,可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个不动,一般变间接宾语为主语。 练习: My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. 如果把直接宾语改为主语,则在间接宾语前加适当的介词,句子改写为:_回忆:还有哪些动词后,在间接宾语前用介词to?哪些动词后,在间接宾语前用介词for?介词to: 介词for: 【解析3】 由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词,要把它们作为整体看,介词或副词不可拆开或漏
11、掉。这类动词有: (1). 动词+介词例: laugh at, listen to, look after, think of, talk about, work on等。 (2). 动词+副词例: sell out, find out, give up, hand in, work out, pass on, point
12、60;out, put away, put off, think over, turn on, wake up等。例句: The most difficult problem was worked out by Tom. The song is often listened to by girls.
13、60;【解析4】 带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时,把主动结构中的宾语改为主语,而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。例 1.We always keep the classroom clean. (keep sth. clean) The classroom is always kept clean. (sth be kept clean)例2.She&
14、#160;told us not to stay up late. (tell sb not to do ) We were told not to stay up late . (sb. be told not
15、60;to do ) 注意:在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to,但改成被动语态后都补上to。 例:We often hear him play the guitar. He is often
16、0;heard to play the guitar. 记住下列变化:see sb do be seen to do hear sb do. be heard to do listen to sb do be listened to to do make sb do
17、160; be made to do 【解析5】 有些动词既可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词,当它们和well, badly, easily等副词连用时,表示主语内在品质或使用性能,是不及物动词,不用被动语态,常见的有:write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等。 例1:The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。
18、0;例2:The new computer sells well. 这新产品很畅销。 例3:The printer prints quickly. 这个打印机打印很快。 对比:The books sell well. (主动句) The books were sold out. (被动句) 【解析6】 只有动宾结构才有被动语态。下列情况的主动句不能改为被动
19、句: (1). 感官连系动词无被动意义,如:feel, look, seem, taste, sound, smell等。 例Do you like the material? Yes, it feels very soft. 误:It is felt very soft. 例The food ta
20、stes delicious. 误:The food is tasted delicious. 例The pop music sounds beautiful. 误:The pop music is sounded beautiful. (2). 一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态,如:take place, break out, belong to, come
21、 out, come true等。例 The accident took place last night. 误: The accident was taken place last night. (3). 不及物动词没有被动语态,如:rise, happen, succeed, lie等。 例The sun has al
22、ready risen. 误:The sun has already been risen. (). 宾语是反身代词,相互代词,同源宾语,不定式,v-ing形式及抽象名词等,不能变为被动句子的主语。例 I taught myself English. 误:Myself was taught English. 【解析7】 在汉语中,有一类句子不出现主语,在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示。 例据说 &
23、#160; It is said that 例据报导 It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow. 例众所周知It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the e
24、lectric lamp. 【解析8】 注意区别系表结构(be+adj.)和被动语态。 【课堂检测】 姓名: 得分: 一、 用动词的正确语态填空。 1. English _(speak) the most widely in the world.2. A Piano concert _(give) here last Friday. 3. The town&
25、#160;_(call) Rugao. 4. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_ (sell) in this shop. 5. What _ a knife _ (make) of? It _(make) of metal and wood. 6. The old man
26、is ill. He _ (must send) to the hospital. 7. The room _ (clean) by Mum already. You dont need to clean it. 8. The sports meeting _ (hold) in a we
27、ek. 9. He is happy that his dream _(come) true. 10. The cinema _ (build) in 1985. 二.选择题: ( ) 1. Great changes _ in China. A. are happene
28、d B. was happened C. has happened D. have happened ( ) 2. The Great Wall _ all over the world.
29、0; A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known( ) 3. Who _ this book _? A. did; written &
30、#160;B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written( ) 4. A story _ by Granny yesterday. A. was told us
31、0; B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us( ) 5.The monkey was seen _ off the tree. A. jump &
32、#160; B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump ( ) 6. The school bag _ behind the chair. A. puts B. can&
33、#160;be put C. be put D. can put ( ) 7. Older people _ well. A. looks after
34、160; B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after ( ) 8. Do you know what_? A. it calls
35、; B. does it call C. it is called D. is it called ( ) 9. This old machine _ the room wet. A.
36、60;used to keep B. used to keeping C. was used to keeping D. was used to keep ( ) 10.You can go out&
37、#160;if your homework _. A. is done B. will do C. will be done D. are finished 三翻译句子:1. People grow
38、60;rice in the south of the country. _ _ _ in the south of the country. 2. Nancy Jackson designed the CD-ROM. The CD-ROM _ _ _ Nancy Jackson. 3. They&
39、#160;will hold the charity show in the school hall. The charity show _ _ _ in the school hall. 4. He has brought his book here. His book _ _ _ he
40、re. 5. You must hand in your homework after class. Your homework _ _ _ _ after class. Homework 1. 整理错题2. 完成以下作业一. 单项选择1. Look! A big modern building _ in our city.A. is builtB. is being builtC. has been builtD. is building2. Your bike cant _ there.A. be putB. is put C. be putted D. putted3. Mary _ the song at a party.A. heard sing B. was heard sing C. heard to sing D. was heard to sing4. _ trees usually _ in April?A. Have, plantedB. Are, plantedC. have, been planted D. D
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