虚拟语气讲解+试题

1、学习必备欢迎下载英语语法之虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望，假设，猜测或建议，而不是表示客观存在的事实。高考考查虚拟语气主要和情态动词相结合。虚拟语气的重点句型及其用法归纳：一、 If 条件虚拟句：1 三种基本情况的谓语动词形式所述情况从 句主 句与现在事实相反If+ 主语动词过去式主语 would/should /could/might +动词原形（ be 动词用 were）与过去事实相反If 主语 had done主语 would/should /could/might +have done1. If+ 主语动词过去式与将来事实相反2. if+ 主语 were to do主语 would/

2、 should/could/might/ +动词原形3. if+ 主语 should doNotes:1 当条件状语从句表示的行为发生的时间不一致时，别根据它所表示的不同时间作相应的调整。被称为 “错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要分Eg. If you had followed my advice (与过去事实相反)，you would be better now(与现在事实相反)。2 虚拟倒装（即省去if Were +主语 to do时用倒装结构） Should+ 主语do Had +主语done2. 含蓄条件句：有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if 引导的条件句，而用其他手段代替

3、条件句，这要靠对语境的理解。常用表达如下：1用介词 with, without, but for 等2用副词 or 与 otherwise (otherwise 前的句子常用过去式，其后的句子常用主句式的虚拟语气)。3用并列连词 but (but 前的句子常用虚拟语气，but 后的句子常用陈述句， 即过去时或现在时 )巩固练习 :. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I_in love, at the age of seven, with theMelinda Cox Library in my hometo

4、wn.A. wouldn t have fallen B. had not fallenC. should fallD. were to fall. What would have happened_,as far as the river bank?A. Bob had walked fartherB. if Bob should walk fartherC. had Bob walked fartherD. if Bob walked farther . Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she_ some

5、thing she would regret later.A. had saidB. saidC. might sayD. might have said . He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, or he_a goal.A. had scoredB. scoredC. would scoreD. would have scored . - Why didnt you putyour cell phone in you overcoat pocket?-I_, but I was afraid it would be stole

6、n.A. had putB. putC. would haveD. could have. The traffic accident wouldnt have happened yesterday, but the driver_ really careless.A. had beenB. isC. wereD. was. He _full marks,but he was so careless as to make a spelling mistake.A. must have gainedB. can have gainedC. could have gained D. must gai

7、n . - I suppose I ll have to ask someone else to see me off.- I m afraid so. I would see you off if I could,but I_.A. won tB. needn tC. wouldn tD. can t学习必备欢迎下载 . _today, he would get to Shanghai in two days.A. if he is leavingB. were he to leaveC. If he leavesD. If he was leaving .-Did you go with

8、them?-No, I was very busy, but I would have gone if I_.A. had beenB. hadn t C. wasn tD.was . Without your help, we_such rapid progress.A. will not have madeB. would makeC. couldn t makeD. wouldn t have made . The Chairman hasnt come yetIf. he _on time, we would have to delay the conference.A. should

9、 comeB. doesn t comeC. shouldn t comeD. would come13 .But for the help you gave us, we_ the project on schedule .A. could hav e completedB. couldn t have completed C. could completeD. can t complete14. They must have been enjoying themselves there, otherwise they _ so long.A. can t have stayed B. wo

10、uldn t have stayed C. needn t have stayedD. couldn t stayed15 _ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.A. Would you beB. Should you beC. Could you beD. Might you be二 should+动词原形（表示未发生的动作）1. 在动词 demand, order, suggest, insist, require, request, command, desire 等 +t

11、hat 从句中（ should 可省略）2. 用在上述动词相关的名词 +that 从句中（ should 可省略）3.用在 It s important / strange / necessary / natural从句中（ should+that可省略）4.It s (high / about)time +(that)从句中 （ should 不省略 ）5.for fear that/in case that /lest 从句：从句用 should动词原形，意为 “以防，万一 ”Notes: 1） 当 insist 表示坚持要求该如何做一个未来动作或该做什么动作时，可接should+ 动词原

12、形；如果 insist 表示的是坚持认为过去的或现在的情况怎样或是什么时，则that 从句中动词的时态须与所表示的时间一致，不可用虚拟语气。Eg. He insisted that he had done right.他坚持认为（说）他做得对。（陈述语气）He insisted that I should go there.他坚持要求我去那。 （虚拟语气）2） suggest 表示 “建议 ”接宾语从句用虚拟语气；作“暗示，表明 ”讲，接宾语从句不用虚拟语气。3） It s time that从句中除了用should+ 动词原形外，还可以用动词的过去式。即It s time sbdid. st

13、h.巩固练习：1.I have long desired that the teachers pay_ increased.A. would beB. could beC. might beD. should be2.His failure in the college entrance examination suggested that he_ hard.A. not studyB. should not studyC. studyD. had not studied3._be sent to work there? (2002上海 )A. Who do you suggestB. Who

14、 do you suggest that shouldC. Do you suggest who shouldD. Do you suggest whom should4. Our headmaster s request is that_.A. all the class studied more carefully the problemB. the problem was more carefully studiedC. with great care the problem could be studiedD. all the class study the problem more

15、carefully5.She insisted that she_ all her own affairs and that immediate action_ to put this right.A. arranged ,must be takenB. had arranged, must be takenC. arranged ,should be takenD. had arranged, be taken6. The workers will go on strike if the demands they _ put forward are turned down.A. should

16、B. wouldC. 不填D. had7.It s important that we _the window before we leave.学习必备欢迎下载A. shall weB. will closeC. must closeD. close8 . My demand is that the information referred to in my report _ to Mr. Brown without delay.A. to be e-mailedB. e-mailedC. being e-mailedD. be e-mailed9.- Don t you think it n

17、ecessary that he _ to Miami but to New York?- I agree , but the problem is _ he has refused to.(05 年江苏卷 )A. will not be sent; thatB. not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; whatD. should not send; what10.It s quite possible to satisfy your demand that you_ once more.A. tryB. would tryC. will tryD. c

18、an try11. _ the workers insisted on was that they _ more pay .A. That; must be givenB. What ; should givenC. What ; be givenD. Whether ; could be given12. My phone call really made her anxious, and she _they talk to me .A. hopedB. wishedC. insistedD. ordered13. I don t think it advisable that Jack _

19、 the job since he has little experience.A. is givenB. be givenC. will be givenD. has been given三、过去完成时（ had done） -表示与过去事实相反过去时（ did / were / could + 动词原形） - 表示与现在事实相反过去将来时（ would+动词原形） -表示与将来事实相反）用在 wish “希望 ”,as if / though 好像“，似乎 ”, if only但“愿，要是 就好了 ”, would rather “宁愿 ”句中。） as if / though 引导方式状

20、语从句或表语从句时，从句谓语动词可用陈述语气（与事实相符），也可用虚拟语气（与事实不符或相反）Eg. It looks as if it is going to rain. (陈述语气 )How wild his white hair looked as if it had been electrified.( 虚拟语气 )巩固练习：1.Look at the trouble I am in! If only I_ your advice.A. followedB. would followC. had followedD. should follow2. ow I wish every fa

21、mily_ a large house with a beautiful garden.A. hasB. hadC. will haveD. had had3.-When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_.A. breaksB. has brokenC. were brokenD. had been broken4.If only he_ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A. liesB. layC. had l

22、ainD. should lie5.The manager would rather his daughter_ in the same office.A. had not workB. not to workC. did not workD. does not work6.-Do you mind if I open the window?-_.I feel a bit cold.A. of courseB. I d rather you didn C. GoaheadtD. Why not学法建议1.在学习 if引起的虚拟条件句时,同学们首先要牢记它的三种形式, 它将为学习此类句子奠定基础

23、,在此基础上 ,才能掌握倒装的虚拟条件句,混合虚拟条件句等2.综观历年的高考题及各地测试题,wish引导的宾语从句的虚拟语气, if引导的虚拟条件及含蓄条件句是测试的重点 ,务必请同学们在学习中加以注意3.在学习 as if 引导的表语从句或状语从句中的虚拟语气时, 要很好理解句子 , 在判定表示虚拟时 ,再使用虚拟语气 ,并要牢记动词的形式4. 对 if only 的学习也是不容忽视的一个要点. 它表示 要是 .就好了 ” ,谓语用一般过去时表示现在没有实现的愿望 , 用过去完成时表示过去没有实现的愿望 . 如 : If only she had known where to find yo

24、u!学习必备欢迎下载If only I could speak several foreign languages!虚拟语气精练1.Mike s father, as well as his mother, insisted he _homeA. stayedB. could stayC. has stayedD. stay2.It was requested that the play _againA. should put onB. would put onC. be put onD. put on3.You did not let me drive. If we _in turn, yo

25、u _ so tired.A. drove; didn tget B. drove; wouldn tget C. were driving; wouldntget D. had driven; wouldn t have got4._it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.A. WereB. ShouldC. WouldD. Will5.I suggested the person _ to be put into prison.A. refersB. referringC. refe

26、rredD. refer6.If only I _my car!A. hadntlostB. wouldn tloseC. didntloseD. haventlost7.I insisted _to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing _ wrong with him.A. on him to go; should beB. he went; beC. he go; wasD. he should to; is8. -Your aunt invites you to the movies today.- I drather she _ me earli

27、er.9. -Would you have called her up had it been possible. -Yes, but I _busy doing my homework.A. wasB. wereC. had beenD. would be10.I was ill that day, otherwise I _ the sports meet.A. would have taken part inB. took part inC. had taken part inD. would take part in11._the clouds, you would find the

28、airplane in the sky easily.A. Had it not been forB. If it were notC. If it had not been forD. Were it not for12.If my lawyer _here last Sunday, he _ me from going.A. had been, would have preventedB. had been, would preventC. were, preventD. were, would have prevented13._hard, he would have passed the exam.A. If he were to workB. Had he workedC. Should he workD. Were he to work14._today, he would get there by