专题2.5初高中词汇衔接之易混、易错词汇(讲义)

1、第二章 2.5 初高中词汇衔接之易混易错词汇1、 、 abroad / aboardabroad adv. /?br?d/（ especially BrE ）in or to a foreign country 在国外；到国外to be/go/travel/live abroad 在外国；出国；到国外旅行；在国外居住She worked abroad for a year. 她在国外工作了一年。aboard adv.prep. /?b?d/ on or onto a ship, plane, bus or train 在（船、飞机、公共汽车、火车等）上；上（船、飞机、公共汽车、火车等）SYN

2、on board? We went aboard. 我们上了船。? He was already aboard the plane. 他已经登机了。2、 work job二者均指工作，work 不可数；job 可数 work vt 工作例： a good job. be out of work 失业3、 a number of the number ofa number of,许多，谓语动词用复述；the number of,的数目，谓语动词用单数。例： The number of students is increasing.A number of students is increasin

3、g.4、 progress advice information 这三个词汇都是不可数名词。We have made great progress in controlling inflation.我们在抑制通货膨胀方面取得了巨大进展。Let me give you a piece of advice . 让我给你一个忠告。He refused to comment before he had seen all the relevant information .在看到全部相关资料之前，他拒绝评论。5、 in place of in the place ofin place of, 代替；in

4、 the place of, 在地方。例： A new building is built in the place of the old one.6、 a second the seconda second,又一、再一；the second,第二、其次例： He won the second prize.I realized he was hurt in his brain only when I saw him a second time.当我又一次见到他时，我才意识到他脑袋收到了损伤。7、 no more than not more thanno more than 相当于 only,

5、仅仅，只有；He is no more than a fool. 他就是个傻子。not more than 至多，不超过。The money he makes each month is not more than 3000 dolloars.8、 sleeping asleep sleepySleeping,正在睡觉；asleep,睡着，熟睡；sleepy,困的，有睡意的。 9、 hard hardlyHard,努力；adj./adv.hardly ,几乎不 barely adv例： work hard, and you can succeed at last.I can hardly be

6、lieve it.10、 late latelyLate, 迟、晚； He was late for class again.lately ,最近、近来，Lately, people choose to travel abroad on holidays.I haven't seen him lately.11、 living alive live livelyliving ， alive， live 均为活着的，living 和 alive 可做定语和表语，但alive 做定语需后置，live adj. 活的；生动的；实况转播的；精力充沛的（只能做定语；）a live footbal

7、l game 一场直播的足球比赛lively 意为活泼的。例， all the living people=all the people alive.12、 deep, deeplyDeep,具体的深；deeply,抽象的深、深深地。例： I am deeply moved 。Please dig deep.13、 instead instead ofinstead 是副词，放在句首或句末；instead of 是介词短语，放在句中。例： He didn't see a film. Instead he watched TV .( He watched TV instead of se

8、eing a film. )14、 bring take carry fetchBring,拿来；take,拿走；carry,随身携带；fetch,去拿来(go and bring)15、 spend take pay costspend,人做主语，花钱、花时间；take,物做主语，花时间；pay,人做主语，花钱；cost物做主语，花钱。16、 、 join join in take part inJoin,加入某个组织，并成为其中的一员；join in 参加小型的活动；take part in 参加大型的活动，例： He joined the army five years ago.17、

9、used to be used toused to, 过去常常；be used to,习惯于，例： He is used to getting up early.18、 、 win beatwin 后接 sth; beat 后接 sb.例： win the game beat them.19、 mean to do mean doingmean to do,打算、想要做某事；mean doing,意思是、意味着。例： By this I mean giving the students more practice.20、 pay for pay back pay offpay for,为付钱；

10、pay back,还钱，但不一定还清;pay off,还清。21、 、 arrive get reachArrive ,不及物动词，后接 in （大地点）,at（小地点）；get,不及物动词，后接 to; reach,及物动词。例： arrive in Beijing, get to Beijing, reach Beijing22、 manage trymanage to do,设法做成了某事；try to do ,尽力去做某事，但不一定成功。例： He tried to pass the exam, but he failed.23、 be familiar to be familiar

11、withbe familiar to ，某物对某人来说是熟悉的；be familiar with ，某人熟悉某物。例： The book is familiar to me. I'm familiar with the book.24、 agree with agree to agree onagree with,同意某人；agree to,同意某事；agree on, 在上达成一致意见。25、 receive acceptreceive,收到某一东西，但不一定接受；accept,接受。例： I received a gift, but I didn't accept it.2

12、6、 wear put on dresswear 和 dress 表状态，wear 后接衣服等，可用进行时；dress后接人，be dressed in; put on, 表动作。例： It's cold outside. Put on your warm clothes.27、 listen hearListen ,强调动作；hear,强调结果。例： I listened, but I heard nothing.28、 look see watch look ,表示看的动作；sees,看的结果;watch ，强调所看物体的变化、移动和发展。29、 hurtinjure woundH

13、urt,感情上受伤；injure,事故中受伤；wound,战争中受伤。30、 turnget growturn,表突变，后常接表颜色的词；get,强调变的结果；grow,强调过程、逐渐的变化。例： turn yellow, get tired, grow big31、 happen take placeHappen,偶然性的、没有预料到的事情的发生；take place,必然性的发生。例： Great changes have taken place in my hometown.32、 through acrossthrough ,穿越空间；across, 在上穿过。例： through t

14、he forest, across the desert33、 before long long beforebefore long ,不久以后；long before ,很久以前。34、 new newsnew:新的 news不可数名词消息I am a new student and I have a piece of good news to tell you all.35、 amount numberamount 后接不可数名词；number 后接可数名词。a large number of students，an amount of milklarge amounts of money

15、36、 for a moment for/at the moment the moment+ 从句for a moment， 片刻、一会儿；I decide to rest for a moment/while.For/at the moment, 暂时、时。 I can ' t forgive you for the moment.the moment+从句（一.就.）The moment I saw you , I fell in love with you.我一看到你，就爱上了你。across prep.在对面37：近义词辨析：across 和 throughcross 表示 “

16、横过，穿过”；着重指从路线或物体表面的一边到另一边（表面）。e.g.across the street;横过马路 。through穿过，从中间通过“；着重指从空间的一头穿到另一头（内部）。e.g. through the forest. 穿过森林。38. 近义词辨析：ago 和 beforeago: 应注意两点：1.用于一般过去时；2. 它所指的时间是从现在算起。39. already, yet, still1 . ） already 用于肯定句中，表示“已经 ”，常与完成时连用；用于疑问句，表示期望得到肯定的回答或表示惊异，此时 already常放在句末。The professor has

17、already gone abroad. 这个教授已经出国了。Has she found her bike already? 她已经找到她的自行车了吗？2 .） yet用于疑问句或否定句句末，表示某事尚未发生或已经完成”He does not sob because no one has told him yet what happened. 他没有哭，因为没人告诉他发生了什么。He has not yet begun to work 他还没有开始工作。 Have you had your lunch ？ 你已经吃中饭了吗？ No， not yet不，还没。3 .） still 表示 “某事尚

18、在进行中”，常用于肯定句中;用在否定句时，须放在否定词之前。I still remember the day when I attended my first lecture in college.我仍然记得大学里我第一次参加演讲的那天。She still isn ' t婚Od戳准备好。They still haven't got more money 他们还没有得到足够的钱。40 .近义词到Wf: among / between这两个个词都含有在中间”的意思。among 用于 “三者或三者以上之间”e.g. He built a house among the forest.

19、 他在树林中盖了一间房。41 .because 和 because of 的区别： because conj. 因为；由于；辨析： because of （接名词或者名词词组） 因为：e.g. He begs because of poverty, not hunger.他不是因为饿了，而是因为贫穷才要饭的。because 后接句子。42 . 近义词辨析：except / besidesexcept除之外；侧重整体除去一部分；e.g. We all knew about the news except Jim.除了 Jim 以外，我们都知道这个消息。besides除之外（还有），e.g. We

20、 all knew about the news besides Jim.43 . 近义词辨析：catch up with / keep up withcatch up with 意思是 “赶上 ”，指由落后状态变为并肩状态，侧重动作：keep up with意识是 跟上；指并驾骑驱，不掉队，侧重状态。44 . 近义词辨析：famous for / famous asbe famous for表示 因为某种知识技能、作品或特征而出名"。be famous as表示 作为身份而出名 ”。例如：Einstein was famous as a great scientist. He wa

21、s famous for his Theory of Relativity. 爱因斯坦以一位伟大的科学家而著称，他以他的相对论而闻名。45 . 近义词辨析：few / a fewfew 是否定词，意思是“没有几个、很少数”， a few 的意思是“有几个、少数”，是肯定词，这两个词都用来修饰可数名词的复数。近义词辨析：1. forget 意思是 “忘记 ”某事，而leave 则是将物品“遗留 ”在某地。例如：I forget that wehad met at a meeting before. 我忘了我们以前在一次会议上见过面。a） I left the book in his house.

22、 我把书忘在他家里了。46 .much too, too much, too many1 .） much too修饰形容词或副词，表示太，非常"，much （副词）用来修饰too （副词），中心词是too 以加强语气。It ' s high time you had your hair cut; it' s gettingmbChloo lodgi了。头发长得太长了。I think the milk is much too hot for the baby. 我觉得这牛奶对于这个小宝宝来说太烫了。He walks much too fast. 他走得太快了。2 .）

23、too much 有下列用法 too much 的含义是“太多 ”， 充当形容词用时，too 是副词， 用来修饰much， 后接不可数名词；too much 与 too many 相对， too many 修饰可数名词复数。 too much 充当副词用时，可用来修饰动词； too much 充当代词用时，后面不接名词，代替上下文提到的事物。There is too much housework to do every day. 每天都有太多的作业要做。There are too many people in the supermarket today. 今天超市里的人太多了。Watching

24、 TV too much is bad for your health. 看太多电视对你的健康不好。You gave me too much. 你给我的太多了。47 so, such1 .) so修饰形容词或副词，such修饰名词。I have never run so fast. 我从来没跑过那么快。He is such a boy. 他是那样一个男孩。2 .) so和such的句式结构：so+形容词+a(n)+可数名词单数；such +a(n)+形容词+可数名词单数；such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词He is so clever a boy. = He is such a cle

25、ver boy.3 .)若可数名词复数前有 many, few或不可数名词前有 much, little,用so不用such。There are so many different languages in the world.注意：These are such little boys that they can ' t dress themselVtes.在这儿表示 小“，而不是表示“少 ”的意思。48 also, too, as well, either.1 . ) also, too, as well 用于肯定句或疑问句，also 常用于句中；too, as well 常用于句末

26、。He is a teacher. I am also a teacher.=He is a teacher. I am a teacher as well.=He is a teacher. I am a teacher, too.2 .) either用于否定句句末。I don t like rain, either.49 sometime(s), some time(s)sometime 意为 “某一时间”，可指将来，也可指过去；sometimes 意为 “有时，不时”； some time意为 “一段时间”； some times 意为 “几次 ”。We ll have a test

27、sometime next month. 下个月的某个时间，我们将进行一场考试。Sometimes the river becomes a waterfall and enters wide valleys. 有时这条河流变成了一个瀑布，冲 进宽阔的山谷。He stayed in Beijing for some time last year. 去年他在北京待了一段时间。I have been to Beijing some times. 我去过北京几次。50 ago, before.1. ） ago 指以现在为起点的“以前 ”，即现在的过去，常与一般过去时连用，不可以单独使用。This small, wealthy commercial city existed almost 2,000 years ago.这个小而富裕的商业城市2000 年前就存在了。He stopped going to school a few years ago. 几年前，他没有再去学校了。2.） before 指以过去或将来的某时刻为基准的“以前 ”，即指过去的过去，常与过去完成时连用（尤其用于宾语从句中），可单独使用。He told me that he had seen the film before. 他告诉我他以前