化工构词特点

1、 Well begun is half done! 好的开始是成功的一半好的开始是成功的一半! !OpeningimportanceThe importance of this course!How？Why? Useful?majorgraduatejobThe importance of this course在外企工作在外企工作医院、药房药剂师：英文药品医院、药房药剂师：英文药品 说明书说明书药检所、药厂质检：英美药典药检所、药厂质检：英美药典新药研发：国外专利、专业期刊新药研发：国外专利、专业期刊升职称：毕业论文、发表论文要写英文摘升职称：毕业论文、发表论文要写英文摘 对外交流、出国对外

2、交流、出国 Web sites http:/ 收获收获增加专业词汇量增加专业词汇量提高翻译水平提高翻译水平用处用处文献翻译文献翻译科技论文写作科技论文写作RequirementsActive /Cooperative No absence ( ask for leave before class)Take notes when necessaryTry to speak English in my class Go! Go! Go! Or you will lose behind others forever!【teaching arrangement】 本课程为专业选修课程，在第本课程为专业

3、选修课程，在第5学期完成，总学期完成，总学时数为学时数为32学时。学时。平时平时3030期末期末7070作业3(excellent) or 1(good)-3(not hand in)课堂表现1 (correct answer to the question)出勤5（absence time）ExamExamRules of your ordinary mark:科技英语的特点() VS () It appears that youve got the offer of a very good job.A wonderful job.Are you going to take it?I don

4、t think so.Why not?”I dont want to.这是小说中的一段对说，属于口语文体。其特点是：用词自由，句法结构简单，短句与省略句多，自然朴素，生活气息浓厚。 听说有个很好的工作要你去干。挺好的工作。打算干吗？不。为什么不干？不想干。摘自刀锋（the Razors Edge ）Gone with wind： Home! Ill go home, and Ill think of some way to get him back. After all, tomorrow is another day. Titanic： Jack: Listen, Rose. Youre g

5、oing to get out of here. Youre going to go on. Youre going to make lots of babies, and youre going to watch them grow. You re going to die and old, an old lady in her warm bed, not here, not this night, not like this. Do you understand me? Forrest Gump ： Life is like a box of chocolate, you never kn

6、ow what youre gonna get. once I let a true love slip away before my eyes, only to find myself regretting when it was too late, nothing in the world can be as painful as this. If the God wound give a chance, I wound tell the girl I love the girl; if our love have to be settled a time limit, I wish it

7、 wound be ten hounds of years! In China hes known as the Flying Fish; in America they call him the Baltimore（巴尔的摩） Bullet. Whatever you call him, American swimmer Michael Phelps looks destined to become a household name across the world after breaking the Olympic record for most gold medals in a sin

8、gle Games. Michael Phelps dominated the field in seven of his races and set an amazing seven world records in the process. Michael Phelps The widespread use of halogenoalkanes leads to pollution problems: Aromatic halogen compounds and alkanes in which three or four halogen atoms are joined to the s

9、ame carbon atom are not hydrolysedthey are not biodegradablebut are soluble in body fats. This means that they get concentrated in organisms, which are then eaten by predators. This results in an ever increasing concentration of these compounds in the body tissues of animals further up the food chai

10、n. Pollution problems They can serve as valuable , and they are frequently needed as or as for important synthetic products.Several therapeutically significant natural products were originally obtained from natural sources are today more effectively prepared by total synthesis：专业术语多，合成新词多，前后缀出现频率高，缩

11、略词经常出现，非限定动词（尤其是分词）使用频繁：常用形式主语和形式宾语、名词结构和被动语态使用频繁，复杂长句多，复合句多，每句包含的信息量大。：时态运用有限，修辞手法简单，逻辑语法使用普遍。如何学科技英语？词汇语法专业词汇的特点专业词汇的构词法专业词汇的翻译专业词汇的特点1）普通词汇专业化2）专业术语词义单一性3）4）大量使用同根词5）广泛运用缩略词语普通词汇的专业化单词普通词义科技词义solution解决方案溶液order次序、命令级数power力量功率support支持支架function功能函数flash闪耀闪蒸Green bodies are formed by pressing gr

12、anules in a die. 词义专一hydrolyze水解水解alkane烷烃烷烃evaporation蒸发蒸发aluminumAl（铝）（铝）oxidation 氧化氧化methylamine 甲胺甲胺halogen卤素卤素nitroglycerin硝酸甘油硝酸甘油前缀和后缀(prefix and suffix) mono-monocrystal / monophase/monoatomicdi-dipole/carbon dioxidebi-bicycle/biphase/binary compoundspoly-polymer/polyethylene/polyatomic-les

13、snoiseless/stainless steel-phone earphone/telephone/cellphone-ics electronics/physics前缀和后缀(prefix and suffix) amino- amino acid/aminobutene/aminobenzene.chloro- chloro-fluorocarbon/chloroamine.-ane methane/ethane/propane/butane.-ene ethene/ propene/ butene.-yne ethyne/ propyne/ butyne.Appendix 3大量使用

14、同根词 hardly hardness harden hardenability hardwareproduct production productivitycompressor compressive compressionhexanoic acid hexanitrate hexangular 广泛运用缩略形式FDA Food and Drug Administration (美国)食品及药物管理局 DNA-deoxyribonucleic acid （脱氧核糖核酸）HPLC High Performance Liquid Chromatography (高效液相色谱）PVC Poly

15、(vinyl chloride) 聚氯乙稀PPM parts per million (百万分率)IR，UV？Word building（构词法） o A common way of making new words in English is by adding standard combinations of letters to existing words, either at the beginning (prefixes) or at the end (suffixes). o By noting these carefully, you will find it is easy

16、to make large increases in your recognition vocabulary.构词法1. 大部分词来自希腊语和拉丁语。大部分词来自希腊语和拉丁语。2. 前缀和后缀出现频率非常高前缀和后缀出现频率非常高 1. 合成词（合成词（composition） 2. 派生词（派生词（derivation） 3. 转换词（转换词（conversion） ：合成词合成词（Composition）合成词是专业英语中一大类词，其组成面广，多数合成词是专业英语中一大类词，其组成面广，多数以短划线以短划线“”连接单词连接单词构成，或者采用短语构成。构成，或者采用短语构成。随着词汇的专用

17、化，有些合成词中间的连线渐渐省随着词汇的专用化，有些合成词中间的连线渐渐省略掉了，形成了一个独立的单词。略掉了，形成了一个独立的单词。合成词并非可以随意构造，否则会造成一种非正常合成词并非可以随意构造，否则会造成一种非正常的英语句子结构，虽然可由多个单词构成合成词，的英语句子结构，虽然可由多个单词构成合成词，但这种合成方式太冗长，应尽量避免。但这种合成方式太冗长，应尽量避免。合成词实例：合成词实例： Electrochemical=electric+chemical Aramid=aromatic+amide Redox=reduction+oxidation派生词派生词（Derivation

18、）这类词非常多，专业英语词汇大部分都是用派生法这类词非常多，专业英语词汇大部分都是用派生法构成的，它是根据已有的词，通过对词根上各种构成的，它是根据已有的词，通过对词根上各种前前缀和后缀缀和后缀来构成新词。来构成新词。这些词缀有这些词缀有：inter-, sub-, in-, tele-, micro-等；等；：im-, un-, -able, -al, -ing, -ed等；等；：re-, under-, de-, -en, con-等。等。e.g. subsoil 下层土 subdivide 再分；细分 subspace 子空间 subsonic 亚音速的 subsystem 子系统 su

19、b-cooled 低温冷却的 microwave 微波 microscope 显微镜 micrometer 千分尺 micro-volt 微伏特 microampere 微安 microphone 麦克风 rustproof 防锈的 shockproof 防震的 dustproof 防尘的 lightproof 不透光的 soundproof 隔音的 bulletproof 防弹的有人做了统计，在科技英语中，用前缀“micro”构成的词有300多个转换词转换词（conversion） 转换转换，即由一个词类转化为另一个词类。，即由一个词类转化为另一个词类。e.g. picture (n)画picture (v)描绘 water (n)水 water（v) 浇水PM gears have very good surface finish. 粉末冶金齿轮具有很好的表面? vn构词法在专业英语中的应用一些化合物的名称：一些化合物的名称：methyltrichlorosilanepolytetrafluoroethylenee.g. “polyacrylonitrile”一词由三个词素组成一词由三个词素组成