重要语法结构

1、重要语法结构o 現在完成时o Since, ever since, recently, just, of late, so far, up to now, by now, in/over the past / last five years, for two hours, the first / best/worst /onlyo This is the first time that I have ever been abroad at all.o This is the best film that Ive ever seen.重要语法结构o Over the years hes beco

2、me more and more patient.o This is the only English book Ive ever bought.o 现在完成进行时o Youve been sweating all over. What have you been doing?o The company has been promising a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened yet.重要语法结构o 一般将来时o If, so long as, on condition that, provided / providing t

3、hat; when, as soon as, the moment, directly, in caseo I will lend you the money on condition that you pay it back in one month.o I shall take you back to France directly you are well enough to travel.重要语法结构o Take your raincoat in case it rains.o You can go out as long as you promise to be back befor

4、e 11 oclock.o Well visit Europe next year, provided / providing we have the money.o Turn on the television or open a magazine and you will often see advertisements showing happy, balanced families. 重要语法结构o While people may refer to television for up-to-the-minute news, it is unlikely that television

5、 will replace the newspaper completely.o 过去完成时o When, as soon as, before, after, until, now thato When I arrived, Ann had just left.o Up till then we had only covered half the distance.重要语法结构o The showed us the new machine tools they had turned out.o Hardly had he arrived when she started complainin

6、g.o 过去完成进行时o At last they got the telegram they had been expecting.o It had been raining for two days. The fields were all under water.重要语法结构o 一般过去将来时o The time was not far off when he would regret this decision. (非时状)o He didnt expect that we should/would regret this decision.o Whenever he had time

7、, he would help the peasants with their work in the fields.o I decided to go to the library as soon as I finished what I was doing.重要语法结构o 过去将来完成时o She hoped we would have got the plan ready before she came back.o He decided to wait until they had got everything ready.重要语法结构o 真理：o Our teacher says/s

8、aid that the earth moves round the sun.o 不用进行时：o be, have, possess, belong to, know, understand, believe, like, love, remember, forget, equal, consist of, seem, appearo You are being clever.重要语法结构o 明确过去的时间状语o The UN was founded in 1945.o 照应：o * I knew that John does it.o 主谓一致主谓一致o 集合名词：family, group

9、, committee, army, audience, class, club, enemy, crew, staff, jury, public, team, flock, heard, swarm, majority, minority重要语法结构o 永远复数：cattle, militia, police, personnelo 度量衡o Three years in a strange land seems like a long time.o Three years have elapsed since he died.o One thousand dollars is not e

10、nough for the project.重要语法结构o As well as, along with, together with, accompanied by, as much as, no less than (正如正如), besides, in addition to, except, but, and not + N. o He as much as us is responsible for it. o Still, everyone knows that he, as much as Mr. Khairy, sees his destiny as Prime Ministe

11、r of Malaysia. 重要语法结构o Unemployment as well as taxes influences votes.o The fisherman together with his tow sons always catches a lot of fish.o The minister and not his secretary is responsible for the present situation.o 不定式短语，动名词短语名词性从句做主语：单数o To become doctors is their greatest ambition.重要语法结构o T

12、hat you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.o How close parents are to their children has a strong influence on the character of their children.o Every, each, neither, either, many a, more than one 修饰：单数o Every knife, fork, and spoon has to be counted.o They each have a

13、 book.重要语法结构o Neither of the brothers has left school.o Many a ship has been wrecked on those rocks.o Many a boy and many a girl has handed in his homework.o More than one person was injured in the accident.o A lot of, most of, all of, any of, some of, half of, two thirds of, part of, the rest of:与其

14、后名词一致o Most of the book is good.o Most of the books are in English.o The rest of the class were against the plan.重要语法结构o A number of, the number ofo A number of the students _ late for class this morning.o The number of students present at the meeting _ 200.o 专名o The United Nations was founded in 19

15、45.重要语法结构o 靠近原则靠近原则o Or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, notbuto Neither criticism nor praise affects him.o Either he or you are responsible for the failure.o Not only the students but also the teacher is to be questioned.o Not you but I am to blame.o Are you or he going to do it?重要语法结构o One

16、 of the, the only one of o Jack is one of those persons who always think they are right.o He is the only one of those who was willing to help.o ando Bread and butter, law and order, cup and saucer, the editor and publisher, work and no play 重要语法结构o 名词o News, information, furniture, advice, evidence,

17、 work, cloth, money, equipment, progress, wealth, weather, luggage, rubbish, scenery, traffic, knowledge, room, space, clothing, wood, money, mail, bread, paper, glass, courage, bravery, health, luck, mathematics, economics, politics, physics, statistics, mechanics, genetics, biology, geography, phi

18、losophy, chemistry重要语法结构o Phenomenonphenomena, criterioncriteria, datum-data, mediummedia, stratumstrata, bacteriumbacteria, thesistheses, basisbases, analysisanalyses, crisiscrises, diagnosisdiagnoses, formulaformulae / formulaso Clothes, goods: 永远复数o Clothing, machinery, merhandise, produce, poetr

19、y, jewelry: 永远单数重要语法结构o 所有格o My sister-in-laws friendo A friend of my sister-in-lawso Three quarters of an hour or sos drive from homeo 成语o Get a birds eye view of the city, take a good nights rest, without a moments sleep, in my minds eye, by a hairs breadth, within a stones throw, at arms length,

20、out of harms way, at ones wits end / at ones wits end, to ones hearts content重要语法结构o 名词作定语o A stone wall, a stony heart, a wall newspaper, evening news, passenger traino A three-year-old boy, o The governments largest building, the worlds highest mountain重要语法结构o 虚拟o It is + adj. + that o necessary,

21、important, vital, essential, imperative, urgent, appropriate, preferable, natural, strange, amazing, desirable, advisable, incredibleo It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once.o It is important that we (should) unite with all that can be united in the struggle.o It was essential that t

22、he application forms be sent back before the deadline.重要语法结构o It is highly desirable that every effort be made to reduce expenditure.o It was arranged that they leave the following week.o It is requested that John (should) give a performance at the party.o It is a great pity that he should be so con

23、ceited.o It is a burning shame that little children should have to beg in the street.o The president is strongly desirous that you should attend the meeting.重要语法结构o Its high time that we went to bed.o I wish I were as strong as you.o I wished he would try again.o She sincerely wished that she might

24、do something to comfort him.o I wish I had paid more attention to my pronunciation.o Monica wished she hadnt come.重要语法结构o Would rather that, would sooner, would as soono I would rather you didnt take those important documents with you.o I could go myself but I would sooner you went.o I would just as

25、 soon you didnt go there.重要语法结构o If onlyo If only he knew how we miss him!o If I could only see him!o If only the letter had arrived in time!o As if, as thougho It seems as if it was/were spring already.o The trees looked as if it hadnt been watered for a long time.o It looks as if its going to rain

26、.重要语法结构o 虚拟条件句o 现在o If I had the time, I would certainly go.o If I were you, I would reconsider their proposal.o Suppose/supposing, provided / providing, what if一般用陈述语气重要语法结构o 将来o If I were to / should do it, I would do it in a different way.o 过去o If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught

27、the train.o Had we made adequate preparations, we might have succeeded.重要语法结构o Should there be a flood, what should we do?o Were it not for their assistance, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.o We could have done better under more favorable conditions.o This change could not have taken place

28、 without a solid industrial foundation.重要语法结构o He would have helped you, but he was so busy.o But for the flood, the ship would have reached its destination on time.o They would have resisted but that they lacked courage.o 如果不是缺乏勇气她们会抵抗的o He must have had an incident, or he would have been here then

29、.o It was so quiet that you could have heard a pin drop.重要语法结构o Because we had no drugs that might have saved him, Dr. Bethune died of the disease.o The computer accomplished in an hour what it would have taken 1000 men a year to do.o It would be a mistake not to help him.o Only a fool would believe

30、 that.重要语法结构o That would have been considered miraculous in the past.o A less brave man wouldnt have dared to work in the enemy headquarters.o Another person could not have done it.o Anybody in his position would have done the same.o Five minutes earlier, and we could have caught the last train.重要语法

31、结构o 用（should +）动词原形o Suggest, propose, recommend, order, demand, command, request, require, insist, desire, ask, urge, advise, move, determine, resolve, decide, prefer, vote, arrangeo We desire that the tour leader inform us immediately of any change in plans.o It is recommended that the project not

32、 be started until all the preparations have been made.o The doctor suggested that he not go there.o Presently he made the suggestion that they carry on their conversation in French.重要语法结构o Congress has decided that the present law be maintained.o My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggeste

33、d that he not go there.o They demanded that the aggressor troops (should) be withdrawn immediately.o They requested that we (should) be withdrawn immediately.o We prefer that the plan should be fully discussed before being put into execution.重要语法结构o Suggestion, proposal, recommendation, order, deman

34、d, request, requirement, insistence, desire, advice, motion, determination, resolution, decision, preference, arrangement, importanceo Everyone was tired, so Bill got up and made a motion that the meeting be adjourned.o It is of utmost importance that you be here on time.重要语法结构o For fear that, lesto

35、 He burned all the important documents for fear that they should fall into the enemys hands.o I had to restrain him lest he should give us away.o Take your raincoat with you in case it rains / should rain.重要语法结构o 某些条件和让步从句o So long as the volume hold together, I am not much troubled as to its outer

36、appearance.o Though everyone desert you, we will not.This, if the news be true, is a very serious matter.重要语法结构o I was determined to walk all night, if need be, rather than seek refuge in one of those places.o Beyond the team and the work group, there is the organization, whether it be company or ho

37、spital or university.o Be a man ever so rich, he should not look down upon the poor.重要语法结构o 不定式o 主语o To die for the people is a glorious death.o It isnt right to gossip about others.o It will be a mistake for us not to help them.o It is kind of you to think so much of us.重要语法结构o Kind, good, nice, wi

38、se, unwise, clever, brave, silly, foolish, right, wrong, stupid, careless, considerate, polite, impolite, rude, naughty, thoughtfulo It is unusual for there to be no late comers.o 做宾语和宾补o He offered to help us.o I want you to do it.重要语法结构o 转化o To die for the people is a glorious death.o I think to d

39、ie for the people is a glorious death.o I think it is a glorious death to die for the people.o I think it a glorious death to die for the people.重要语法结构o There beo Prefer there to beo Want there to beo Wait for there to beo People expect there to be more discussions. =o People expect that there will

40、be more discussions.重要语法结构o There beo There being nothing to do, we went home. 因为没有什么事要办，我们就回家了。 o There being nobody else at hand, I had to do it by myself.由于身边没有别人，我只得自己干了。 o I was wrong about there being some misunderstanding between us.认为我们之间有误解是我的错误。 o I never dreamed of there being a picture o

41、n the wall.o Dont bet on there being a bigger fool than you. 重要语法结构o Scientists have discovered 16 possible new planets deep in the Milky Way, which they say increases the chances of there being life elsewhere in the galaxy. o there to beo Would you like there to be a picture on the wall? o 你喜欢墙壁上挂一

42、张画吗？ 重要语法结构o We dont want there to be anyone lagging behind. o 我们不希望有任何一个人掉队。 o I dont want there to be any misunderstanding between us.o 我不希望我们之间有什么误会。 o We waited for there to be another opportunity.o 我们期待着还有下一次机会。 重要语法结构o It + be + adj. + for there to beo It is impossible for there to be any more

43、 chance. 不可能在有机会了。 o It was too late for there to be any buses. 时间太晚，不会有汽车了。 o For there to be successful communication， there must be attentiveness and involvement in the discussion itself by all present. 重要语法结构o Its one thing to make a verbal agreement, but in order for there to be peace in the Mi

44、ddle East, we must see organizations such as Hamas dismantled, and then well have a chance for peace. o It be重要语法结构o It beo I dont think it is right to gossip about others. =o I dont think it right to gossip about others.o He was waiting for it to be time to take the medicine.o Despite it being the

45、worst military blunder in U.S history, the GOP sees Iraq war as campaign opportunity.重要语法结构o After about 10 minutes of conversation, he looked at his watch, mumbled something about it being time, said he would return and strode purposefully out of the bar together with a huge French football scarf.o

46、 The suicide bomber was said to be a youth of about 21 who was loitering about that area in a rain coat - it being a rainy day - and was not taken much notice of.o I also felt closed in today and confined to one room, perhaps it was made worse with it being a rainy day.重要语法结构o With it being a small

47、town, you know, everybody seems to know everybody, and everybody knows everybodys business. So the ability to hold a range of conversations with, you know, various types of people does help.o The idea of it being a “firing offense” is ludicrous, in my opinion.重要语法结构o I do remember it being a big dea

48、l when I was little.o I havent driven from Whitworth straight to Blackburn, but I cant imagine it being a joyride even without taking someone to hospital who is seriously ill.o There was nothing to do but to wait for it to be time for me to go to Beverly Hills. 重要语法结构o for it to beo Im really curiou

49、s about what allowed for it to be a time in which a womens magazine or fashion magazine had more intellectual merit.o Im looking for it to be a time to come up with a system of play that works for us.o We believe that changes in the geopolitical and economic landscape over the past years have called

50、 for it to be time to make these relatively modest reductions, and we plan to achieve that goal. 重要语法结构o V. obj.+ to V.o Allow, permit, want, like, hate, get, cause, prefer, ask, choose, select, expect, tell, advise, persuade, love, wisho A sudden noise made Jack jump.o Jack was made to jump by a su

51、dden noise.o V. obj.+ V.o Make, let, have, see, notice, watch, hear, listen to重要语法结构o Feel, observeo We felt the atmosphere grow tense / the plan to be unwise.o I have never observed him do otherwise.o The only thing that I observed to be without limit is the businessmans desire for business.重要语法结构o

52、 只跟to be, to have作宾补：admit, declare, hold, find, think, prove, take (误认为), assume, acknowledge, presume, discover, deny, perceiveo I declare his story to be true.o We have discovered him to be quite untrustworthy.o 只跟to be: believe, claim, consider, suppose, show, suspect, judge, know重要语法结构o They be

53、lieved these principles to be universally true.o I believe him to have done it.o I know this to be a fact.o I know him to have done it.o Knew, have known可以跟所有动词的不定式o I never knew him (to) do anything without a good reason.重要语法结构o Have you ever known her (to) lose her temper?o They knew the man to ha

54、ve been a spy.o 不定式作定语o 动宾关系o Do you have anything more to say?o She has a lot of things to attend to.o Could you find someone for me to play tennis with.重要语法结构o 主谓关系o She was the first person to think of the idea.o We need someone to help with the typing.o They are always the first to bear hardship

55、s, the last to enjoy comforts.重要语法结构o 跟不定式的名词o Need, time, way, right, chance, opportunity, movement, courage, reason, effort, drive (干劲)，ambition, campaigno They had no chance to go to school before liberation.o 动词、形容词、名词重要语法结构o Determination, decision, tendency, struggle, intention, desire, wish,

56、attempt, promise, plan, inclination, ability, anxiety, eagernesso You promised to write me regularly.o You havent kept your promise to write me regularly.o He was eager to get back to work.o His eagerness to get back to work was quite obvious.重要语法结构o 不定式作状语o 表结果o We hurried to the station only to fi

57、nd that the train had left.o He made a speech only to show his ignorance of the subject.o They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own toes.重要语法结构o 表原因o Be Adj. + to doo Apt, anxious, angry, eager, ashamed, amazed, disappointed, annoyed, , careful, careless, bound, glad, sorry, sad, proud, kind,

58、ready, lucky, happy, liable, fortunate, unfortunate, willing, unwilling, wise, unwise, rude, content, impatient, fit, clever, right, wrong, foolish, stupid, polite, cruel, thoughtless, considerate, inconsiderate, pained, surprised, grieved, shocked, frightened, delighted, pleased, inclined, obliged.

59、重要语法结构o Im sorry to hear it.o We were surprised to find him there.o Everybody expected to be served at once and would feel annoyed to be asked to wait.o We all rejoiced to hear of your success.重要语法结构o 表目的o So as, soas, in ordero The whole town turned out to welcome the hero.o She decided to work har

60、der in order / so as to catch up with the others.o Be so kind as to drop in sometime when you are free.重要语法结构o To be qualified for the job, _.o A) a high school diploma is neededo B) it is required that one have a high school diplomao C) one needs a high school diplomao D) a diploma from high school